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Understanding the role of rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions in cattle feed efficiency

Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 41-53页

作者： Sang Weon Na Le Luo Guan Department of Agricultural Food&Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Feed efficiency is one of the economically important traits for the cattle industry that affects profit(feed costs)and the environment(production of manure and methane).Due to that feed efficiency is driven by multi-factors,mechanisms contributing to the animal to animal variation in this trait have not been well defined,limiting the development of precision feeding strategies to improve the herd production efficiency.Rumen microbial fermentation and volatile fatty acids(VFA)production have been recently reported to be associated with cattle feed efficiency,however the roles of rumen epithelial function in feed efficiency are less studied although the rumen epithelium has an important function in VFA absorption and metabolism which can affect host feed efficiency.Rumen epithelium is colonized with a diverse microbial population,termed epimural microbiota,which has proposed functions in tissue development,barrier and inflammation,urea transport,and oxygen scavenging,suggesting that they can affect rumen epithelial functions and subsequently cattle feed efficiency.Especially,prospective functions of epimural microbiota,enhanced rumen immunity and increased rumen epithelial thickness,might contribute to less nutritional requirement for tissue recuperation.Thus,the understanding of the functions of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions is essential to identify their roles in contributing to feed efficiency.In this review,we will focus on to date research findings on the structure of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and epithelial host-microbe interactions together with their functions and how these are associated with feed efficiency,aiming to provide insights on future directions to study rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions and improve the rumen functions in cattle.

关键词： ruminant Feed efficiency Rumen epithelium Epimural microbiota Microbiome

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基于高质量系统发育基因组学数据鉴定的反刍动物特异性基因及其在瘤胃演化中的作用

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Science Bulletin 2022年第8期67卷 825-835,M0004页

作者：陈春燕殷源黎浩榕周博童周炯周小芳李志鹏刘贵春潘香羽张如林泽山陈垒邱强张勇王文 School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Department of Gastroenterology Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080China Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou 510080China Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

反刍动物是世界上最成功的哺乳动物类群之一,具有显著的形态特征比如瘤胃.新基因在物种的表型演化中有重要的作用.为研究新基因在反刍动物新器官演化中的作用,结合新组装的鼷鹿和林麝的高质量基因组,以及以前发表的其他反刍动物科的高... 详细信息

反刍动物是世界上最成功的哺乳动物类群之一,具有显著的形态特征比如瘤胃.新基因在物种的表型演化中有重要的作用.为研究新基因在反刍动物新器官演化中的作用,结合新组装的鼷鹿和林麝的高质量基因组,以及以前发表的其他反刍动物科的高质量基因组,以牛科的绵羊基因注释为主,本工作鉴定了1064个反刍动物特异的新基因.结果显示,反刍动物新基因和其他哺乳动物中的新基因具有相似的演化和表达模式.有一部分新基因在瘤胃的演化中有作用.但大部分瘤胃表达的新基因招募自原先在其他组织表达的基因.如,在瘤胃不同发育时期有表达波动的反刍特异性PRD-SPRRⅡ基因家族成员受到正选择作用,可能在瘤胃的表皮发育中有重要功能.该工作的研究结果为理解反刍动物新基因的起源进化模式和哺乳动物新器官的演化提供了新的见解.

关键词： ruminant High-quality ruminant genome New genes Rumen New organ evolution

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USING NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE RUMINAL METHANE EMISSIONS FROM ruminantS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第3期10卷 390-402页

作者： Jian SUN Guangyong ZHAO Meng M.LI State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.Over 90%of CH_(4) is synthesized by methanogens in the rumen during carbohydrate fermentation.According to different substrates,methanogenesis pathways can be divided into four categories:(1)hydrogenotrophic pathway;(2)acetoclastic pathway;(3)methyl dismutation pathway;and(4)methylreducing pathway.Based on the principle of biochemical reactions in the methanogenesis pathways,this paper reviews the latest publications on CH_(4) decreases in ruminants and described three nutritional strategies in terms of dietary nutrient manipulation(feeding management,feed composition,forage quality and lipids),microbial manipulation(ionophore,defaunation,methanogen inhibitors and probiotics),and chemical manipulation(nitrate,organic acids,plant secondary metabolites and phlorotannins,or halides in seaweeds).For each mitigation strategy,the review discusses effectiveness for decreasing CH_(4) emissions,application prescription,and feed safety based on results from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review summarizes different nutritional strategies to mitigate CH_(4) emissions and proposed comprehensive approaches for future feeding interventions and applications in the livestock industry.

关键词： nutritional strategy mitigation microbe methane ruminant

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Enzootic epidemiology of Brucella in livestock in central Gansu Province after the National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan

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Animal Diseases 2023年第2期3卷 128-142页

作者： Yupeng Fang Jianjun Wang Guanyin Zhang Fengdong Zhu Chaoyue Guo Jiandong Zhang Kaixuan Guo Yun Deng Jinxue Zhang Huanchun Chen Zhengfei Liu National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Hongshan Laboratoryand Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei ProvinceCollege of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Wuwei Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Wuwei 733000GansuChina

Brucellosis remains one of the most common zoonoses spread worldwide,inducing enormous economic losses to the livestock industry and posing serious health threats to humans.Brucellosis re-emerged in China in the mid-1990s and reached a historically high level in 2015.The National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan(NBPCP)was initiated from 2016 to 2020.However,the present epidemiological status in livestock has not been elucidated,and whether Brucella variation occurred remains unclear.This study performed an extensive serological investigation in ruminant livestock from 2019 to 2021 in central Gansu Province,China.In total,11,296 samples from 337 farms were collected to detect the specific antibodies of Brucella.The yearly average serological prevalence of Brucella at the flock level and individual level declined from 11.32%to 8.26%and 1.17%to 0.57%,respectively.The apparent individuallevel seroprevalence of small and large ruminants was 0.89%and 0.52%,respectively.The brucellosis distribution has shifted from pastoral areas to agro-pastoral areas.Flock size and gender may be major risks of Brucella infection.Then,the B.melitensis TZ strain was isolated from female Tibetan sheep blood cell lysates.Phonotypical characterization demonstrated that it belongs to B.melitensis.biovar 3,and multilocus sequencing typing results indicated that it belongs to ST8.The whole genome and subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the B.melitensis TZ strain is genetically more closely related to the B.melitensis QH61 strain.The B.melitensis TZ strain has similar growth characteristics to the B.melitensis 16 M strain.Overall,our study suggests that after strengthening control and prevention measures based on the NBPCP,there is a very low prevalence or absence of B.melitensis in the central Gansu Province of China,and the genotype of an epidemic strain of Brucella in Northwest China is relatively stable.

关键词： Brucella NBPCP Epidemiology ruminant Isolation Genotype

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A Review on ruminant and Human Brucellosis in Somalia

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第6期5卷 133-137页

作者： Ahmed Abdulkadir Hassan-Kadle College of Veterinary Science Abrar University Mogadishu Somalia

This review article aims to describe the prevalence of brucellosis in ruminants and humans in Somalia and also guides policy makers to draw sound decisions regarding brucellosis control policies. It is concluded that brucellosis is of no public health importance in Somalia. Nevertheless, it is suggested that a stronger inter-sectoral collaboration among veterinary, medical and public health professionals at the federal and country level in terms of one-health approach should be promoted.

关键词： Brucellosis Domestic ruminant Human One-Health Review Somalia

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Bioscience of ruminant intake evolution: feeding time models

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2011年第4期2卷 271-274页

作者： Akbar Nikkhah 不详

ruminants have evolved to ruminate mostly over- night and graze during day. As such, rumen fermentation, post-rumen nutrient assimilation and peripheral metabolism have 24-h patterns. These evolutionary rhythms in eating behavior and metabolism have led to annual, seasonal, and circadian rhythms in ruminant endocrinology. Such natural patterns have encountered dramatic shifts in productivity in the last few decades. For optimum nutrient use and animal health, securing a synchrony between external cues and ruminant internal conditions is essential. Most recent discoveriess suggest alterations in post-prandial intake patterns of non-grazing lactating cows by altered feeding time. Eating rate and feed intake within the first 3 h after feeding have been increased by evening instead of morning feeding. As a result, postprandial patterns in rumen fermentation and peripheral blood levels of metabolites and hormones have been altered. These findings and insights establish a chronological nature for intake regulation in modern ruminants. Feeding time is a major external cue that affects eating extent, rate and efficiency in ruminants. Time of feeding requires special consideration and more mechanistic evaluations for animals and humans.

关键词： Chronobiolohy Intake ruminant Evolution Nutrition

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Conceptus elongation in ruminants: roles of progesterone, prostaglandin, interferon tau and cortisol

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 151-162页

作者： Kelsey Brooks Greg Burns Thomas E Spencer Department of Animal Science and Center for Reproductive Biology Washington State University

The majority of pregnancy loss in ruminants occurs during the first three weeks after conception, particularly during the period of conceptus elongation that occurs prior to pregnancy recognition and implantation. This review integrates established and new information on the biological role of ovarian progesterone （P4）, prostaglandins （PGs）, interferon tau （IFNT） and cortisol in endometrial function and conceptus elongation. Progesterone is secreted by the ovarian corpus luteum （CL） and is the unequivocal hormone of pregnancy. Prostaglandins （PGs） and cortisol are produced by both the epithelial cells of the endometrium and the trophectoderm of the elongating conceptus. In contrast, IFNT is produced solely by the conceptus trophectoderm and is the maternal recognition of pregnancy signa that inhibits production of luteolytic pulses of PGF2α by the endometrium to maintain the CL and thus production of P4. Available results in sheep support the idea that the individual, interactive, and coordinated actions of P4, PGs, IFNT and cortisol regulate conceptus elongation and implantation by controlling expression of genes in the endometrium and/or trophectoderm. An increased knowledge of conceptus-endometrial interactions during early pregnancy in ruminants is necessary to understand and elucidate the causes of infertility and recurrent early pregnancy loss and provide new strategies to improve fertility and thus reproductive efficiency.

关键词： Conceptus Cortisol Endometrium Interferon Prostaqlandin ruminant

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Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 497-517页

作者： Thomas Hartinger Nina Gresner Karl-Heinz Südekum Institute of Animal Science University of Bonn

Nitrogenous emissions from ruminant livestock production are of increasing public concern and, together with methane, contribute to environmental pollution. The main cause of nitrogen-(N)-containing emissions is the inadequate provision of N to ruminants, leading to an excess of ammonia in the rumen, which is subsequently excreted. Depending on the size and molecular structure, various bacterial, protozoal and fungal species are involved in the ruminal breakdown of nitrogenous compounds(NC). Decelerating ruminal NC degradation by controlling the abundance and activity of proteolytic and deaminating microorganisms, but without reducing cellulolytic processes, is a promising strategy to decrease N emissions along with increasing N utilization by ruminants. Different dietary options, including among others the treatment of feedstuffs with heat or the application of diverse feed additives, as well as vaccination against rumen microorganisms or their enzymes have been evaluated. Thereby, reduced productions of microbial metabolites, e.g. ammonia, and increased microbial N flows give evidence for an improved N retention. However, linkage between these findings and alterations in the rumen microbiota composition, particularly NC-degrading microbes, remains sparse and contradictory findings confound the exact evaluation of these manipulating strategies, thus emphasizing the need for comprehensive research. The demand for increased sustainability in ruminant livestock production requests to apply attention to microbial N utilization efficiency and this will require a better understanding of underlying metabolic processes as well as composition and interactions of ruminal NC-degrading microorganisms.

关键词： Ammonia Bacteria Deamination Hyper-ammonia producing Nitrogen efficiency Protein Proteolysis Protozoa ruminant

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Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1145-1151页

作者： Long Guo Junhu Yao Yangchun Cao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi712100China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University Lanzhou730020China College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730020China

The unique structure of the stomach,including the rumen,reticulum,omasum,and abomasum,indicates the differences between the ruminant and monogastric animals in the digestion of nutrients.This difference is reflected in the majority of dietary nutrients that may be fermented in the rumen.Significant proteins and a certain amount of starch can flow to the small intestine apart from rumen.The initial phase of small intestinal digestion requires pancreatic digestive enzymes.In theory,the enzymatic digestion and utilization efficiency of starch in the small intestine are considerably higher than that in the rumen,but the starch digestibility in the small intestine is quite low in ruminants.Therefore,improving the digestion of nutrients,especially starch in the small intestine is more urgent for high-yield ruminants.Although the pancreas plays a central role in nutrient digestion,the progress of research investigating pancreatic exocrine regulation in the ruminant is slow due to some factors,such as the complex structure of the pancreas,the selection of experimental model and duration,and internal(hormones or ages) and external(diet) influences.The present review is based on the research findings of pancreatic exocrine regulation of dairy animals and expounded from the physiological structure of the ruminant pancreas,the factors affecting the digestion and exocrine processing of carbohydrates,and the regulatory mechanism governing this process.The review aims to better understand the characteristics of enzymatic digestion,thereby advancing pancreatic exocrine research and improving the digestion and utilization of nutrients in ruminants.Additionally,this review provides the theoretical basis for improving nutrient utilization efficiency,reducing wastage of feed resources,and promoting the efficient development of the dairy industry.

关键词： ruminant Pancreas Exocrine function Starch

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Factors controlling nutrient availability to the developing fetus in ruminants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 205-214页

作者： Kathrin A Dunlap Jacob D Brown Ashley B Keith M Carey Satterfield Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University2471 TAMU College Station

Inadequate delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction （IUGR）, which is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in livestock. In ruminants, inadequate nutrition during pregnancy is often prevalent due to frequent utilization of exensive forage based grazing systems, making them highly susceptible to changes in nutrient quality and availability. Delivery of nutrients to the fetus is dependent on a number of critical factors including placental growth and development, utero-placental blood flow, nutrient availability, and placenta metabolism and transport capacity. Previous findings from our laboratory and others, highlight essential roles for amino acids and their metabolites in supporting normal fetal growth and development, as well as the critical role for amino acid transporters in nutrient delivery to the fetus. The focus of this review will be on the role of materna nutrition on placental form and function as a regulator of fetal development in ruminants.

关键词： Intrauterine growth restriction Nutrient transport Placenta ruminant

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