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A Study of a rudimentary Potable Water System in a Rural Community

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第6期7卷 449-455页

作者： Josue Ake Karen Waight Joselyn Romero Thippi Thiagarajan Faculty of Science and Technology University of Belize Belmopan Belize

A comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate a rural community’s efforts to solve its potable water problem. Residents of St. Margaret village has built a rudimentary water storage facility through their community efforts and run a network of water supply to the households of the village. The study analyzed the water quality of the reservoir for physical, chemical and microbiological parameters by using standard water quality measurements and compared it between the wet and the dry seasons. The results indicate that the temperature and the pH were highest in the month of April. The phosphate level was high during the month of November whereas the dissolved oxygen level was lowest during November. The presence of fecal coliforms and other pathogenic microbes such as Salmonella and Shigella suggested that the water bodies are not safe for human consumption. The survey of the households in the village also revealed that health ailments associated with gastrointestinal tract are common among the people using the water for drinking purpose. The community’s effort in finding solution to their potable water problem has been demonstrated in the design and execution of the rudimentary reservoir in the St. Margaret village. Although majority of the inhabitants of the village have only primary-level education, they were able to carry out a major engineering project.

关键词： rudimentary Reservoir Potable Water Quality Rural Community

Case Report of Surgical Excision of Non-Communicating rudimentary Horn of Uterus Present in Adolescent with Dysmenorrhea

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第9期5卷 455-458页

作者： Majed Alshahrani Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine Najran University Najran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is a rare type of müllerian duct malformation. It leads to many obstetrical and gynecological complications. The mean age of presentation was the mid 20 s [1]. It is one of the differential diagnosis of dysmenorrhea in adolescent. A 19-year-old single was present with progressive severe dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain after history right ovarian torsion treated by right salpinoophrectomy. Exploratory laparotomy was performed found unicornuate uterus with right non-communication rudimentary horn. Excised of right rudimentary horn was done. Remove of non-communication rudimentary horn will reduce symptoms of dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Proper diagnosis and management will prevent misdiagnosis and good outcome to the patient.

关键词： rudimentary Horn Dysmenorrhea Surgical Excised

Non-Communicating inactive rudimentary horn of the uterus presenting with dysmenorrhoea—a case report of successful laparoscopic excision

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011年第4期1卷 213-216页

作者： Rachana Dwivedi Keerthi Perera Padma Eedarapalli 不详

Uterine developmental abnormalities can cause both obstetric and gynaecological complications. Non-functioning rudimentary uterine horn is a rare cause of dysmenorrhoea which usually starts after menarche. Cases with lateral/inferior arrangement of blood supply to the functioning rudimentary horn and lapascopic removal have been described in literature. Ours is a unique case of non-functioning rudimentary horn with an unusual medial arrangement of vasculature successfully treated by laparoscopic excision. We also present a brief review of the literature. The patient presented with irretractable dysmenorrhoea despite hormonal manipulation and analgesics. Following the diagnosis using laparoscopy and hysteroscopy and MRI, the left sided non-communicating rudimentary horn with inactive endometrium was removed laparoscopically. Her symptoms were resolved and this was followed by successful pregnancies. Diagnosis of rudimentary horn with inactive endometrium is difficult. Ultrasound is unreliable. MRI, 3D CT scan and 3D ultrasound are gaining popularity. Accurate, prior identification of the type using laparoscopy and hysteroscopy if necessary is essential. This helps in surgical planning. The laparoscopic approach is increasingly being used to resect these horns due to its safety and merits.

关键词： Dysmenorrhoea rudimentary Horn Laparoscopic Excision

The perplexing entity of rudimentary uterine horn

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011年第4期1卷 217-220页

作者： Ria Malik A. G. Radhika Alpana Singh Gita Radhakrishnan Rachna Aggarwal 不详

A rudimentary uterine horn may be responsible for intriguing presentations in different stages of life. These presentations often masquerade commoner gynaecologic disorders resulting in diagnostic and management challenges for the treating clinicians. Whereas many of these anomalies may be discovered during the investigative workup for cryptomenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and infertility, lack of symptoms especially in a parous woman, a large proportion remains undiagnosed. We report here, two interesting presentations of this benign entity resulting in significant morbidity. The first case report describes late activation of a rudimentary horn presenting as chronic pelvic pain. The second patient presented with a failed second trimester induction of labor (abortion) for fetal demise. Her examination and investigations suggested an abdominal pregnancy, yet, on laparotomy, a 15 week pregnancy within an accessory uterine horn was discovered.

关键词： rudimentary Uterine Horn Chronic Pelvic Pain Laproscopic Management Abdominal Pregnancy Ruptured rudimentary Horn

Diagnostic and Laparoscopic Management of Unicornuate Uterus with rudimentary Horn

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2014年第6期3卷 378-381页

作者： Els van Doorn Rainer Kimmig Bahriye Aktas Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Essen Essen Germany

We describe here a case report of a female patient with a unicornuate uterus with noncommunicating left rudimentary horn. The patient presented herself to us due to persistent lower abdominal pains, primarily dysmenorrhea and suspected internal genital endometriosis. Further to additional diagnosis and imaging by vaginal and abdominal ultrasound and abdominal MRI, a suspected rare congenital malformation of the genital tract was established. A normal vagina with cervical system without pathological findings was presented during the operation. The diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy indicated an intact right unicornuate uterus with a regular tube and ovary. A left rudimentary horn, noncommunicating with cervix and vagina was also presented, also together with a regular tube and ovary. The chromopertubation carried out proved the patency of the right tube. The decision was taken intraoperatively to remove the left rudimentary horn with ipsilateral tube. The surgery could be carried out without complications. We are reporting a patient with persistent lower abdominal pain, who desires to have children, to conceive with a unicornuate uterus and left rudimentary horn with retrograde menstruation and proliferative endometrium. Surgical minimal invasive treatment by laparoscopically removing of the left rudimentary horn and tube took place.

关键词： Unicornuate Uterus rudimentary Horn Diagnostic and Laparoscopic Management Endometriosis Retrograde Menstruation

Rupture of a rudimentary Uterine Horn: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第7期7卷 748-752页

作者： Kouamé Arthur Didier Adjoby Cassou Roland Konan Joachim Effoh N’Drin Dénis Kakou Charles Diomandé Fatoumata Alice Koffi Soh Victor Kouakou Firmin Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the University Hospital of Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan C&ocirc te D’Ivoire

Pregnancy in an abnormal uterus is a high-risk situation in obstetrics. Uterus bicornis unicollis with a rudimentary horn is often discovered incidentally. The aim of this report is to warn obstetricians about recurrent abdominal pain in the second trimester of pregnancy without any cause identified. Pregnancy can proceed in the rudimentary horn. We presented a case of a rupture of the rudimentary horn which occurred at 25 weeks of amenorrhea in an unmarried 19-year-old primigravida. The rudimentary horn was removed after performing an emergency laparotomy for an intraperitoneal hemorrhage with signs of shock. This abnormality is often revealed by uterine rupture, which usually occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of this uterine abnormality, before pregnancy if possible. Undiagnosed, this condition evolves towards uterine rupture during pregnancy and requires emergency surgery with excision of the rudimentary horn.

关键词： Uterine Rupture Abdominal Pregnancy Uterus Bicornis rudimentary Uterine Horn

Laparoscopic Hemi-Hysterectomy-Retrospective Study of Case Series of over 9 Years

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第6期9卷 845-866页

作者： Divyesh V. Shukla Shilpi D. Shukla Amit Shah Isha Hospital Sarabhai Campus Vadodara India

Background: Word hemi-hysterectomy and removal of rudimentary functional horn may be used interchangeably in published data. The same term may be used when a non-obstructive hemi-uterus is removed when there is an associated pathology. The article tries to standardise classification of Mullerian dysgenesis where this procedure is required according to ESHRE ESGE classification, preoperative diagnosis and discuss the operative details. Objective: The objective was to study the demographic profile, symptoms, association of endometriosis, variation in the anatomy, accuracy of preoperative diagnosis, to classify according to ESHRE ESGE classification and to standardize the laparoscopic surgical steps of hemi-hysterectomy. Study Design: This is a retrospective case series of cases of Mullerian dysgenesis with obstructive hemi-uterus or non-obstructive hemi-uterus with pathology treated by laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy. (Canadian task force classification III). Methods: Data from hospital electronic records of all cases tagged with word laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy were collected for 9 years from Jan 2009 to Dec 2018. Results: Total 19 patients of hemi-hysterectomy were analysed. Pre-operative diagnosis was made in 100% of patients. 100% patients with obstructive horn had dysmenorrhoea. ESHRE ESGE class U4aC3V0 was more frequently seen followed by U5aC4V4 and U3bC3V2 as obstructive and U4bC3V0, as non-obstructive. Associated endometriosis along with other pathology was seen in 74% of the patients. 3 patients with HWWS had ipsilateral renal agenesis. Laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy was offered to all such patients. The operative steps & variants were studied. Post-operative outcome was uneventful in all. Conclusion: An experienced surgeon should deal with these problems of Mullerian dysgenesis discussed in this study. The other variants diagnosed also must be treated by an experienced surgeon only. Laparoscopic hemi-hysterectomy is almost the most standard surgical method to treat pelvic pain in cases with rudimentary

关键词： Hemi-Hysterectomy Mullerian Dysgenesis rudimentary Non-Communicating Horns ESHRE ESGE Unicornuate Uterus