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Enhancing Network Design through Statistical Evaluation of MANET routing protocols

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 319-339页

作者： Ibrahim Alameri Tawfik Al-Hadhrami Anjum Nazir Abdulsamad Ebrahim Yahya Atef Gharbi Faculty of Medical Sciences Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical UniversityAlkufa QuNajaf54001Iraq Computer Science Department School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK Department of Computing Faculty of Engineering Sciences&Technology(FEST)Hamdard UniversityKarachi74600Pakistan Department of Information Technology College of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia Department of Information System College of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia

This paper contributes a sophisticated statistical method for the assessment of performance in routing protocols salient Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)routing protocols:Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV),Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV),Dynamic Source routing(DSR),and Zone routing Protocol(ZRP).In this paper,the evaluation will be carried out using complete sets of statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis,Mann-Whitney,and *** articulates a systematic evaluation of how the performance of the previous protocols varies with the number of nodes and the mobility *** study is premised upon the Quality of Service(QoS)metrics of throughput,packet delivery ratio,and end-to-end delay to gain an adequate understanding of the operational efficiency of each protocol under different network *** findings explained significant differences in the performance of different routing protocols;as a result,decisions for the selection and optimization of routing protocols can be taken effectively according to different network *** paper is a step forward in the general understanding of the routing dynamics of MANETs and contributes significantly to the strategic deployment of robust and efficient network infrastructures.

关键词： routing protocols statistical approach friedman MANET

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Fast and scalable routing protocols for data center networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第6期9卷 1340-1350页

作者： Mihailo Vesovic Aleksandra Smiljanic Dusan Kostic School of Electrical Engineering University of Belgrade11120BelgradeSerbia Amazon Web Services(AWS) ZurichSwitzerland

Data center networks may comprise tens or hundreds of thousands of nodes,and,naturally,suffer from frequent software and hardware failures as well as link *** are routed along the shortest paths with sufficient resources to facilitate efficient network utilization and minimize *** such dynamic networks,links frequently fail or get congested,making the recalculation of the shortest paths a computationally intensive *** routing protocols were proposed to overcome this problem by focusing on network utilization rather than ***,the design of fast shortest-path algorithms for data centers was largely neglected,though they are universal components of routing ***,parallelization techniques were mostly deployed for random network topologies,and not for regular topologies that are often found in data *** aim of this paper is to improve scalability and reduce the time required for the shortest-path calculation in data center networks by parallelization on general-purpose *** propose a novel algorithm that parallelizes edge relaxations as a faster and more scalable solution for popular data center topologies.

关键词： routing protocols Data center networks Parallel algorithms Distributed algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Shortest-path problem Scalability

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A Novel Review on Security and routing protocols in MANET

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Communications and Network 2016年第4期8卷 205-218页

作者： Muhammad Kashif Nazir Rameez U. Rehman Atif Nazir Department of Computer Science National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan

The origin of Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) was started in 1970 as packet radio network (PRNET), later on different researches were made on it in different ages. MANET works under no fixed infrastructure in which every node works likes a router that stores and forwards packet to final destination. Due to its dynamic topology, MANET can be created anywhere, anytime. As there are limited resources in MANET so it faces many problems such as security, limited bandwidth, range and power constraints. Due to this, many new routing protocols are proposed. This article examines different techniques to manage congestion control, security issues, different layers attacks, routing protocols and challenges that are faced by MANET.

关键词： Mobile Ad Hoc Networks MANET Security Attacks routing protocols

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Researching on AODV and PS-AODV routing protocols of Ad Hoc Network for Streaming Media

Researching on AODV and PS-AODV Routing Protocols of Ad Hoc ...

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2012年计算机应用与系统建模国际会议

作者： Tian Jie Wang Yu Lv Jianxing Engineering college of CAPF

Streaming media on wireless Ad hoc network becomes increasing popular, because of its huge potential market demand. In this paper, we propose a PS-AODV routing protocol based on an algorithm for path selecting and acknowledge refused, make improvements on AODV. The result of simulation shows that the PS-AODV protocol improves packet delivery ratio, reduces average end-to-end latency and decreases routing overhead in transmission of streaming media.

关键词： Ad Hoc routing protocols Media Streaming NS2

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Performance Evaluation of routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Http Traffic

Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc...

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International Conference on History and Society Development（ICHSD2012）

作者： Armstrong Kadyamatimba Michel Mbougni Zenzo P. Ncube Albert Helberg Erik Dube Department of BIS University of Venda Department of Computer Science North West University Computer and Electronic Engineering and Electronic North West University Potchefstroom Campus Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks （MANETs） are receiving significant interest and are becoming very popular in the world of wireless networks and telecommunication. MANETs consist of mobile nodes which can communicate with each other without any infrastructure or centralized administration. In MANETs, the movement of nodes is unpredictable and complex;thus making the routing of the packets challenging. Most of the work done on the performance evaluation of routing protocols is done using the Constant Bit Rate （CBR） traffic. This paper involves the modeling and simulation of Mobile Ad hoc Networks （MANETs）. The performance analysis of the MANET routing protocols such as Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector （AODV）, Dynamic Source routing （DSR）, Temporary Ordered routing Algorithm （TORA）, and Optimized Link State routing （OLSR） of MANET routing protocols are evaluated under different scenarios using hypertext transfer protocol （http） traffic. The performance metrics used for the evaluation of these routing protocols are delay and throughput as function of the load;that is under light browsing and heavy browsing. The overall results show that the proactive routing protocol （OLSR） performs better in terms of delay and throughput than the reactive routing protocols AODV, DSR and TORA for a medium size MANETs

关键词： MANET routing protocols Reactive routing Proactive routing CBR Traffic Http Traffic

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ML-Fresh: Novel routing Protocol in Opportunistic Networks Using Machine Learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第2期40卷 703-717页

作者： Puneet Garg Ashutosh Dixit Preeti Sethi Department of Computer Engineering J.C.Bose University of Science and TechnologyYMCAFaridabad121006India

Opportunistic Networks(OppNets)is gaining popularity day-by-day due to their various applications in the real-life *** two major reasons for its popularity are its suitability to be established without any requirement of additional infrastructure and the ability to tolerate long delays during data *** Network is also considered as a descendant of Mobile Ad hoc Networks(Manets)and Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),therefore,it inherits most of the traits from both mentioned networking *** from its popularity,Opportunistic Networks are also starting to face challenges nowadays to comply with the emerging issues of the large size of data to be communicated and blind forwarding of data among participating nodes in the *** issues lower the overall performance of the *** this thing in mind,ML-Fresh-a novel framework has been proposed in this paper which focuses to overcome the issue of blind forwarding of data by maintaining an optimum path between any pair of participating nodes available in the OppNet using machine learning techniques *** prediction,decision tree prediction,adamic-adar method for complex *** from this,ML-Fresh also uses the history of successful encounters between a pair of communicating nodes for route prediction in the *** results prove that the ML-Fresh outperforms the existing framework of Opportunistic Networks on the grounds of standard Quality-of-Service(QoS)parameters.

关键词： Opportunistic networks artificial intelligence machine learning link prediction routing protocols QoS parameters

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A Dynamic Resource-Aware routing Protocol in Resource-Constrained Opportunistic Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 4147-4167页

作者： Aref Hassan Kurd Ali Halikul Lenando Slim Chaoui Mohamad Alrfaay Medhat A.Tawfeek Department of Computer Systems and Communication Technologies Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS)Kota Samarahan94300Malaysia Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka2014KSA Unit-Lab of Sciences of Electronics Technologies of Information and TelecommunicationsSfax UniversitySfaxTunisia Department of Basic Sciences First Common Year DeanshipJouf UniversitySakaka2014KSA Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka2014KSA Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computers and InformationMenoufia UniversityEgypt

Recently,Opportunistic Networks(OppNets)are considered to be one of the most attractive developments of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks that have arisen thanks to the development of intelligent *** are characterized by a rough and dynamic topology as well as unpredictable contacts and contact *** is forwarded and stored in intermediate nodes until the next opportunity ***,achieving a high delivery ratio in OppNets is a challenging *** is imperative that any routing protocol use network resources,as far as they are available,in order to achieve higher network *** this article,we introduce the Resource-Aware routing(ReAR)protocol which dynamically controls the buffer usage with the aim of balancing the load in resource-constrained,stateless and non-social *** ReAR protocol invokes our recently introduced mutual informationbased weighting approach to estimate the impact of the buffer size on the network performance and ultimately to regulate the buffer consumption in real *** proposed routing protocol is proofed conceptually and simulated using the Opportunistic Network Environment *** show that the ReAR protocol outperforms a set of well-known routing protocols such as EBR,Epidemic MaxProp,energy-aware Spray and Wait and energy-aware PRoPHETin terms of message delivery ratio and overhead ratio.

关键词： Opportunistic networks mobile ad hoc networks routing protocols resource-constrained networks load balancing buffer management

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BE-RPL:Balanced-load and Energy-efficient RPL

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 785-801页

作者： S.Jagir Hussain M.Roopa Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyRamapuramChennaiIndia

Internet of Things(IoT)empowers imaginative applications and permits new services when mobile nodes are *** IoT-enabled low-power and lossy networks(LLN),the routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks(RPL)has become an established standard routing *** under standard RPL remains a difficult issue as it causes continuous path disturbance,energy loss,and increases the end-to-end delay in the *** this unique circumstance,a Balanced-load and Energy-efficient RPL(BE-RPL)is *** is a routing technique that is both energy-efficient and *** responds quicker to link breakage through received signal strength-based mobility monitoring and selecting a new preferred parent *** proposed system also implements load balancing among stationary nodes for leaf node *** nodes with more leaf nodes are restricted from participating in the election for a new preferred *** performance of BE-RPL is assessed using the COOJA *** improves the energy use,network control overhead,frame acknowledgment ratio,and packet delivery ratio of the network.

关键词： COOJA simulator energy handover internet of things BE-RPL load balancing low-power and lossy network mobility routing protocols RPL

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Resistance to Malicious Packet Droppers Through Enhanced AODV in a MANET

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 4087-4106页

作者： Shirina Samreen Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Packet dropping in a mobile ad hoc network can manifest itself as the data plane attacks as well as control plane *** former deal with malicious nodes performing packet drop on the data packets following the route formation and the latter deal with those malicious nodes which either drop or manipulate the control packets to degrade the network *** idea of the proposed approach is that during the route establishment,each of the on-path nodes is provided with pre-computed hash values which have to be used to provide a unique acknowledgement value to the upstream neighbor which acts as a proof of the forwarding *** analysis phase results in the detection of nodes which exhibited malicious behavior in the current communication session so as to avoid them in the future communication sessions resulting in an improved packet delivery fraction even in the presence of one or more malicious nodes in the *** communication overhead incurred is minimum since the acknowledgement reports are sent to the destination for a transmission of N packets rather than an individual acknowledgement for each transmitted *** contrast to some of the existing techniques,the proposed mechanism is not dependent on the deployment of additional infrastructure like special Intrusion Detection System(IDS)*** only overhead incurred is in the form of control packets exchanged for the reports request and the reports submission.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs) routing protocols attacks on MANET secure routing packet droppers

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Combined Linear Multi-Model for Reliable Route Recommender in Next Generation Network

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第4期36卷 39-56页

作者： S.Kalavathi R.Nedunchelian Department of Information Technology Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudurChennai602117India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Excel Engineering CollegeKomarapalayamNamakkal638183India

Network analysis is a promisingﬁeld in the area of network applications as different types of trafﬁc grow enormously and *** route prediction is a challenging task in the Large Scale Networks(LSN).Various non-self-learning and self-learning approaches have been adopted to predict reliable *** protocols decide how to send all the packets from source to the destination addresses across the network through their *** the current era,dynamic protocols are preferred as they network self-learning internally using an algorithm and may not entail being updated physically more than the static protocols.A novel method named Reliable Route Prediction Model(RRPM)is proposed toﬁnd the best routes in the given hefty gage network to balance the load of the entire network to advance the network *** task is carried out in two *** theﬁrst phase,Network Embedding(NE)based node classiﬁcation is carried *** second phase involves the network analysis to predict the route of the *** experiment is carried out for average data transmission and rerouting time is measured between RRPM and routing Information Protocol(RIP)protocol models with before and after failure *** was observed that average transmission time for RIP protocol has measured as 18.5 ms and RRPM protocol has measured as 18.2 *** the proposed RRPM model outperforms well than the traditional routeﬁnding protocols such as RIP and Open Shortest Path First(OSPF).

关键词： Network embedding node classiﬁcation link prediction routing protocols novel RRPM

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