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Distinct root system acclimation patterns of seagrass Zostera japonica in sediments of different trophic status:a research by X-ray computed tomography

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第6期39卷 2267-2280页

作者： Xiaoyue SONG Yi ZHOU Jiangning ZENG Lu SHOU Xiaomei ZHANG Shidong YUE Wei GAO Weihua FENG Zhifu WANG Ping DU Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

Conspecific seagrass living in differing environments may develop different root system acclimation *** applied X-ray computed tomography(CT)for imaging and quantifying roots systems of Zostera japonica collected from typical oligotrophic and eutrophic sediments in two coastal sites of northern China,and determined sediment physicochemical properties that might influence root system morphology,density,and *** trophic status of sediments had little influence on the *** root length,and diameters of root and ***,*** in oligotrophic sediment developed the root system with longer rhizome node,deeper rhizome distribution,and larger allocation to below-ground tissues in order to acquire more nutrients and relieve the N *** the lower root and rhizome densities of *** in eutrophic sediment were mainly caused by fewer shoots and shorter longevity,which was resulted from the more serious sulfide *** results systematically revealed the effect of sediment trophic status on the phenotypic plasticity,quantity,and distribution of *** root system,and demonstrated the feasibly of X-ray CT in seagrass root system research.

关键词： Zostera japonica root system acclimation pattern sediment trophic status X-ray computed tomography

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Biomechanical Response of the root system in Tomato Seedlings under Wind Disturbance

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1071-1090页

作者： Zhengguang Liu Jun Yang Tobi Fadiji Zhiguo Li Jiheng Ni College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Postharvest Research Laboratory Department of Botany and Plant BiotechnologyUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburg2006South Africa Institute of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212002China

Wind disturbance as a green method can effectively prevent the overgrowth of tomato seedlings,and its mechanism may be related to root system *** study characterized the biophysical mechanical properties of taproot and lateral roots of tomato seedlings at five seedling ages and seedling substrates with three different moisture *** corresponding root system-substrate finite element(FE)model was then developed and *** study showed that seedling age significantly affected the biomechanical properties of the taproot and lateral roots of the seedlings and that moisture content significantly affected the biomechanical properties of the seedling substrate(proot system of tomato seedlings in the wind *** strong seedling index had the greatest impact on the biomechanical response of the seedling root system during wind disturbance,followed by wind *** contrast,seedling age had no significant effect on the biomechanical response of the root system during wind *** the simulation,no mechanical damage was observed on the tissue of the seedling root system,but there were some strain *** on the plant stress resistance,wind disturbance may affect the growth and development of the root system in the later growth *** this study,finite element and statistical analysis methods were combined to provide an effective approach for indepth analysis of the biomechanical mechanisms of wind disturbances that inhibit tomato seedlings’growth from the root system’s perspective.

关键词： Tomato seedling root system age level wind disturbance biomechanical response finite element analysis

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A Study of Tensile Strength Tests of Arborous Species root system in Forest Engineering Technique of Shallow Landslide

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第4期11卷 892-896页

作者： YANG Yonghong LIU Shuzhen WANG Chenghua TANG Chuan National Professional Laboratory of Geogical Hazard Prevention and Geogical Environment Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 Sichuan China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China

One experiment was conducted, through tensile tests of Albazzia and Eucalypt roots culled from the fields. The other experiment was conducted, by testing anti-drawing strength of these root systems in the Albazzia and Eucalypt lands. These two experiments had an aim to give insights into the maximum tensile strength and anti-drawing strength of the root systems. Results indicated that the maximum tensile strength of root system is in an exponential relation with the diameter of root system while the maximum tensile strength is positively correlative with the diameter of root system. Anti-drawing force of root system together with root diameter, length, and soil bulk density are folded into a regression equation in an attempt to figure out the static friction coefficient between root system and its ambient soil.

关键词： root system tensile strength anti-drawing strength tensile force

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Enhancing phosphorus uptake efficiency through QTL-based selection for root system architecture in maize

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第11期43卷 663-672页

作者： Riliang Gu Fanjun Chen Lizhi Long Hongguang Cai Zhigang Liu Jiabo Yang Lifeng Wang Huiyong Li Junhui Li Wenxin Liu Guohua Mi Fusuo Zhang Lixing Yuan Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction MOECenter for ResourcesEnvironment and Food SecurityCollege Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cereal Crops Research Institute Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

root system architecture （RSA） plays an important role in phosphorus （P） acquisition, but enhancing P use efficiency （PUE） in maize via genetic manipulation of RSA has not yet been reported. Here, using a maize recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, we investigated the genetic relationships between PUE and RSA, and developed P-efficient lines by selection of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） that coincide for both traits. In low-P （LP） fields, P uptake efficiency （PupE） was more closely correlated with PUE （r = 0.48 -0.54）, and RSA in hydroponics was significantly related to PupE （r=0.25-0.30） but not to P utilization efficiency （PutE）. QTL analysis detected a chromosome region where two QTLs for PUE, three for PupE and three for RSA were assigned into two QTL clusters, Cl-bin3.04a and Cl-bin3.04b. These QTLs had favorable effects from alleles derived from the large-rooted and high-PupE parent. Marker-assisted selection （MAS） identified nine advanced backcross-derived lines carrying Cl-bin3.04a or Cl-bin3.04b that displayed mean increases of 22%-26% in PUE in LP fields. Furthermore, a line L224 pyramiding Cl- binB.04a and Cl-bin3.04b showed enhanced PupE, relying mainly on changes in root morphology, rather than root physiology, under both hydroponic and field conditions. These results highlight the physiological and genetic contributions of RSA to maize PupE, and provide a successful study case of developing P-efficient crops through QTL-based selection.

关键词： Maize Quantitative trait loci Phosphorus root system architecture Marker-assisted selection

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Effect of Salt Stress on Nitrogen Assimilation of Functional Leaves and root system of Rice in Cold Region

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2020年第2期27卷 9-16页

作者： Gu Jiao-jiao Zhao Hong-wei Jia Yan Hu Bo-wen Wang Zhuo-qian Qu Zhao-jun Yu Feng-li Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold RegionMinistry of Education Northeast Agricultural UniversityNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

The aims were to investigate the effect of salt stress on key enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen response to salt *** rice cultivars,Mudanjiang 30(sensitive cultivar)and Longdao 5(salt-tolerant cultivar),were treated with different salt concentrations(CK 0%,S10.075%,S20.15%,S30.225%and S40.3%).The results showed that the activities of nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthase(GS),glutamate synthase(GOGAT)and glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)in the functional leaves and roots of rice in cold region presented a single peak curve change and the peak occurred in the heading stage;compared with those of the CK,the activities of NR,GS and GOGAT of rice in cold region decreased,but the activity of GDH increased in the heading stage under salt *** variation for key enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism was the highest under S4 *** activities of NR,GS and GOGAT in the functional leaves significantly decreased compared with those in roots;the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the functional leaves and roots of rice in cold region presented a single peak curve change and the peak occurred in the heading stage;compared with that of the CK,the concentration of nitrate nitrogen decreased in leaves and roots,the concentration of ammonium nitrogen decreased and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in roots increased under salt *** variations for the activities of NR,GS and GOGAT in the functional leaves and roots of Longdao 5 were less than those of Mudanjiang 30 under the same concentration of salt stress.

关键词： rice in cold region salt stress functional leave root system nitrogen metabolism

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Role of a Signalling system in Gene Interaction in Inheritance of root system Characteristics of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

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Open Journal of Genetics 2016年第3期6卷 51-60页

作者： Sergei Hablak Lugansk National Agrarian University Kharkiv Ukraine

The central problem of genetics is gene interaction since genes in the course of individual organism development interact with other genes, that’s why their effects may change. Studies for the last 100 years managed to discover that the entire diversity of inter-gene interactions is presented in four major forms: complementarity, epistasis, polymery, and modifying effect of genes. However, gene interaction mechanism which is reflected on the segregation nature of variously crossed hybrids has not been sufficiently studied. Exclusive of molecular genetics, biochemistry and physiology, a genetic analysis of inheritance of characteristics in gene interaction taken by itself cannot reveal nature of this interaction. Lately, molecular-genetic and physiological studies on A. thaliana mutants have enabled to isolate and sequence a wide range of genes controlling certain links of the signalling chain. At the same time, effect of the plant development regulation signalling system on interaction of these genes in inheritance of characteristics of Arabidopsis root system haven’t been studied so far which was a cause for our studies. Gene interaction problem is closely related to the plant development regulation signalling system. Mechanism involved in gene interaction may be explained based on current idea of molecular principles of biological response. Affected by mutations occurring in various genes that control certain links of the signalling chain, signalling path to the cell nucleus and response are blocked partially or in full which leads to distortion in expression of the characteristic on the plant level in general or its organ level. Such phenomenon is observed in realization of many characteristics in animals and plants, including in A. thaliana. In inheritance of such characteristics, as a rule, both allelic, and non-allelic gene interactions are observed. Results of a study of the plant signalling system interconnection and gene interaction in inheritance of charac

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. root system Gene Mutation Gene Interaction Signalling system

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Architecter Study of the Young Date Palm （Phoenix dactylifera L.） root system

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第5期8卷 425-432页

作者： JRAD Amira BEN SALAH Mohamed Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences of Tunis University Campus Tunis ElManar 2092 Tunis Experimental Station of Arid Lands Institute of Gabe Gabes Nahal 6051 Tunis

The architectural analysis of the young date palm （Phoenix dactylifera L.） root system （its form and its structure）, is necessary to describe its principal functions of absorption and anchoring. In this study the authors present an analysis of the root branching process. It allows them to understand the distribution of inter-lateral root length on the radicle and to account the development of the root system in the soil. root architecture was studied from samples sprouted naturally in the oases of Chott el Ferikh （Gabes） and other plants grown in polyethylene bags under the shadow. This analysis has showed five categories of roots belonging to four different topological orders in the youthful phasis.

关键词： Architecture Phoenix dactylifera L. root system root branching.

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Impact of salt stress on the features and activities of root system for three desert halophyte species in their seedling stage

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第S1期 97-106页

作者： YI LiangPeng1,2, MA Jian1 & LI Yan1 1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Linkage between belowground and aboveground sections of ecological system is mainly depending on root system. But root system is the parts of plant that people less understand. The absorption function of root system is closely related to their morphology and activity. Moreover root system can interact with the environmental stress under the adverse situation, and adjust its system to take adaptation responses in morphology and physiology to strengthen its survival chance. This research is focused on three desert halophyte species of H. ammodendron (***.) Bge., S. physophora Pall., and S. nitraria Pall. under solution culture, to study the differences of their root system morphology and activity in the seedling stage under varying salt concentration conditions. The study results show that: A certain salt concentration can promote development of these three halophytes; but rather high salt concentration will restrain their growth, in particular inhibit the root system development. Under the same salt concentration condition, S. nitraria Pall. grows fast and accumulates the largest amount of biomass. Under relatively low salt concentration, the length of axial root and the total length of root system of these three halophyte species are all increased; and compared to the checking samples, S. physophora Pall. occupies the top place of root system growth, but the high salt concentration will restrain the increase of total root length; among them, the impact intensity on S. physophora Pall. is lighter than to H. ammodendron (***.) Bge. and S. nitraria Pall. is lighter; the salinity does not bring distinct influence on the average diameter of root system of these three plant species, but trends to reducing the size; under the solution culture conditions, the middle and lower parts of the axial root of H. ammodendron (***.) Bge. and S. physophora Pall. are rather equally distributed, but the central zone of S. nitraria Pall. root system is more significantly inc

关键词： halohyte plant seedling stage root system solution culture morphology root activity

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Physiological superiority of root system of in ter_subspecific hybrid rice

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Chinese Rice Research Newsletter 2000年第4期8卷 10-11页

作者： SHENBo WangXi DeptofBiology HangzhouTeacher＇sCollegeHangzhou310036 CNRRI Hangzhou310006China

Physiology of root system, especially root system activity,is a very important physiological trait of rice, which directly affects rice growth and development of the aerial parts and yield. Inter-subspecific hybrid rice IIyou 2070and Ilyou 419, as well as their restorer lines 2070 and Zhong419, were used to study physiological traits of rice root system. Three years research indicated that inter-subspecific hybrid rice had root systems of physiological superiority. Results were briefly showed as the follows:

关键词： hybrid rice root system growth and development

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Abnormal Secondary Growth and Histochemical Localization of Alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2011年第9期12卷 1313-1317页

作者：祁建钊郭继元徐青宁夏大学生命科学学院宁夏银川750021

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-*** of taproot,lateral root and adventitious *** primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows *** cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary *** sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and ***,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ *** cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous *** sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity *** are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.

关键词： Aconitum flavum Hand. - Mazz. root system Abnormal secondary growth Alkaloids Histochemical localization

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