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Reservoir volume optimization and performance evaluation of rooftop catchment systems in arid regions: A case study of Birjand, Iran

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 125-133页

作者： Zinat Komeh Hadi Memarian Seyed Mohammad Tajbakhsh Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment University of Birjand Birjand 97175 Iran

This study evaluated the performance of rooftop catchment systems in securing non-potable water supply in Birjand, located in an arid area in southeastern Iran. The rooftop catchment systems at seven study sites of different residential buildings were simulated for dry, normal, and wet water years, using 31-year rainfall records. The trial and error approach and mass diagram method were employed to optimize the volume of reservoirs in five different operation scenarios. Results showed that, during the dry water year from 2000 to 2001, for reservoirs with volumes of 200-20000 L, the proportion of days that could be secured for non-portable water supply was on average computed to be 16.4%-32.6% across all study sites. During the normal water year from 2009 to 2010 and the wet water year from 1995 to 1996, for reservoirs with volumes of 200-20000 L, the proportions were 20.8%-69.6% and 26.8%-80.3%, respectively. Therefore, a rooftop catchment system showed a high potential to meet a significant portion of non-potable water demand in the Birjand climatic region. Reservoir volume optimization using the mass diagram method produced results consistent with those obtained with the trial and error approach, except at sites #1, #2, and #5. At these sites, the trial and error approach performed better than the mass diagram method due to relatively high water consumption. It is concluded that the rooftop catchment system is applicable under the same climatic conditions as the study area, and it can be used as a drought mitigation strategy as well.

关键词： Mass diagram analysis Non-potable water demand Reservoir volume optimization rooftop catchment Rainwater harvesting

Potential of rooftop PV Systems on Weekly Peak Load Shaving in Saudi Arabia

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2018年第2期9卷 33-41页

作者： Hani Albalawi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabuk Tabuk KSA

In recent years, high annual increasing load demand in Saudi Arabia has led to large investments in the construction of conventional power plants, which use oil or gas as the main fuel. The government is considering a large deployment of renewable energy for its 2030 vision plan. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the best potential candidates for harvesting solar energy because of the country’s geographical location, clear sky, and vast land area. A recent energy policy announced by the government involves harvesting solar photovoltaic (PV) energy to reduce the country’s reliance on fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Using rooftop PV systems can help to shave the peak load and lead to a significant savings in the power sector through the reduction of annual installation of conventional power plants and standby generators. Employing solar PV at the end user level helps to reduce the overloading of transmission and distribution lines as well as decreases power losses. This paper will provide ratings for different rooftop PV systems that are being considered for installation for customers with various needs. The distribution of PV installation among the customers is as follows: 5% residential, 10% commercial, and 20% government. The effect of PV output power on weekly peak demand has been evaluated. The paper has also investigated the impact of the temperature on PV output power, especially during the summer. The PV power contribution is analyzed based on the assumption that weekly peak power production of solar PV coincides with weekly peak load demand. The PV model is implemented in Matlab to simulate and analyze the PV power.

关键词： rooftop Solar PV Model Peak Load Shaving Temperature

Estimation of Solar Energy Potential from rooftop of Punjab Government Servants Cooperative Housing Society Lahore Using GIS

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2015年第5期6卷 128-139页

作者： Muhammad Luqman Sajid Rashid Ahmad Samiullah Khan Usman Ahmad Ahmad Raza Farkhanda Akmal Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Pakistan has a severe electricity load shading problem. Government is trying to find out all ways for electricity generation. Alternative energy board is working to find out the energy potential using all alternative resources. Board has an objective to produce 9700 MW by 2030 to overcome load shading problem. A research was designed to find out the solar energy potential as an alternative source of energy from rooftops of residential areas in district Lahore. Punjab Governments servants housing society Lahore is selected. The society has minimum slope, aspect and shadows effects on the roofs. Also houses in PGSHS have same house structures and good town plan. A few portions of roofs are digitized to measure the available rooftop area for Photovoltaic panel’s installation. GIS models are used to find out solar energy potential monthly as well as yearly for the year of 2014. The potential estimated is 39,613,072 kWh/year. The monthly total energy consumption of the society is 347,140 kWh which is only 11% of energy production from PV solar panels. As the estimated energy is 9 times than the energy demand of the society, extra energy can be used in local/national electricity transmission grid. Solar PV energy would be supplement to compensate energy shortfall in local area.

关键词： Photovoltaic Alternative Energy Pakistan CO2 Emission rooftop

Indoor Air Quality Measurement with the Installation of a rooftop Turbine Ventilator

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第11期3卷 1498-1508页

作者： Jason Lien Noor Ahmed School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of New South Wales Kensington Australia

The present paper presents a numerical analysis of the difference in comfort level inside a room of a residential building when roof top turbine ventilator is installed. This analysis simulates various comfort factors which includes the indoor air movement, room temperature, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD). Various test cases of ventilator exhaust rate were examined. The results showed that general comfort satisfying international standards in building can be achieved. This study also presents a qualitative and quantitative study of indoor air temperature and overall indoor air flow pattern. A promising conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that wind driven ventilators can play an important role in the design of a cost effective and energy efficient ventilation system inside a building.

关键词： Indoor Air Quality rooftop Turbine Ventilator Computational Analysis

Analysis of rooftop Rainwater Harvesting in Kabul New City: A Case Study for Family Houses and Educational Facilities

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 155-165页

作者： Obaidullah Rahimi Keisuke Murakami Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan Graduate School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan

The Afghan government has planned the project of Kabul New City (KNC) to cope with the rapid growth of Kabul, an existing capital city. Due to climatic and topographical reasons, it is supposed that KNC suffers from a water scarcity problem. This study investigates the feasibility of a rooftop rainwater harvesting system in KNC to relieve the water scarcity problem. An applicability of the rooftop rainwater harvesting system was discussed for several types of residential houses and schools, using 11 years rainfall data. This study also examined the cost-effectiveness of the system by considering the service life of the system. Furthermore, an optimal size of the rainwater storage tank was discussed based on the balance among harvested rainwater volume, non-potable water demand, and cost-effectiveness.

关键词： rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Kabul New City Non-Potable Water Cost-Effectiveness

Quantifying rooftop Rainwater Harvest Potential: Case of Mbeya University of Science and Technology in Mbeya Tanzania

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第10期5卷 816-818页

作者： Zacharia Katambara Department of Civil Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania

The advantages that the rooftop rainwater harvesting system has as a source of water supply have been examined. The observed daily rainfall records of 10 years and the current total roof area of the facilities at Mbeya University of Science and Technology as the catchment area were used. Using a water balance model to determine the suitable water use that will cover 100% of the time, the model indicated that for the current roof area a water supply of 120 lts?per day can be met when a storage tank whose capacity is 13.5 m3 is installed. When values higher that 120 l/day are simulated a tank of higher capacity is required to meet the water demand. The study recommends on the necessity of installing rooftop rainwater harvesting system so as to increase the water supply reliability and reduction of cost. The selection of a suitable storage tank capacity should take into consideration the future development plans so as to reduce the construction cost of new storage tank.

关键词： rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Systems Consumption Rate Tank Capacity First Flash

rooftop as a Reciprocal Transformation per Diem

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Journal of Architectural Research and Development 2019年第3期3卷 1-8页

作者： Esen Gokce Ozdamar Department of Architecture Faculty of Fine ArtsDesign and ArchitectureTekirdag Namik Kemal UniversityTekirdag 59030Turkey

This article focuses on rooftop architecture as an interface and confrontation between the inhabitants and the contemporary city of?*** utilitised rooftop is suggested as an alternative habitable space in high-density urban environments and wherever there is a shortage of *** visibility on the rooftop displays signs of the effects of the limit to growth,such as economic factors,and is affected by the environment,and the utilization of space depends on the needs of the *** today's conditions,living in rooftop goes beyond the necessity actions such as dominating the landscape,looking,seeing and being seen,and bringing concepts such as social justice and chaos in the city.

关键词： rooftop Urban Gecekondu Transformation Istanbul

Study on Landscape Construction of Sustainable Urban rooftop Farms

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Asian Agricultural Research 2018年第12期10卷 45-48页

作者： Li LIU College of City Construction Jiangxi Normal University

From the perspective ecological benefit,economic benefit and social benefit,this paper analyzes the necessities of building urban rooftop farm under the demand of sustainable life of urban residents,and puts forward the design strategy of rooftop farm landscape construction,in order to provide a scientific basis for the construction of sustainable roof farm landscape,and to achieve the planning and design of the future lifestyle of urban residents.

关键词： rooftop farms Landscape construction Sustainability

Post-earthquake assessment of building damage degree using LiDAR data and imagery

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 133-143页

作者： LI ManChun1,CHENG Liang1,2,GONG JianYa2,LIU YongXue1,CHEN ZhenJie1,LI FeiXue1,CHEN Gang1,CHEN Dong1 & SONG XiaoGang3 1 Department of Geographic Information Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China 3 State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China Department of Geographic Information Science Nanjing University Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China

Various methods have been developed to detect and assess building's damages due to earthquakes using remotely sensed *** the launch of the high resolution sensors such as IKONOS and QuickBird,it becomes realistic to identify damages on the scale of individual *** the low accuracy of the results has often led to the use of visual interpretation ***,it is very difficult to estimate the degree of building damage(*** damage,moderate damage,or severe damage) in detail using the existing ***,a novel approach integrating LiDAR data and high resolution optical imagery is proposed for evaluating building damage degree *** approach consists of two steps:3D building model reconstruction and rooftop patch-oriented 3D change ***,a method is proposed for automatically reconstructing 3D building models with precise geometric position and fine details,using pre-earthquake LiDAR data and high resolution ***,focusing on each rooftop patch of the 3D building models,the pre- and post-earthquake LiDAR points belonging to the patch are collected and compared to detect whether it was destroyed or not,and then the degree of building damage can be identified based on the ratio of the destroyed rooftop patches to all rooftop *** novelty of the proposed approach is to detect damages on the scale of building's rooftop patch and realize quantitative estimation of building damage degree.

关键词： post-earthquake assessment building damage degree rooftop patch LiDAR imagery