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Effects of soil rock fragment content on the USLE-K factor estimating and its influencing factors

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 263-275页

作者： Miaomiao Yang Qinke Yang Keli Zhang Chunmei Wang Guowei Pang Yuru Li College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an710127China College of Geography Beijing Nomal UniversityBeijing100875China The First Institute of Geoinformation Mapping Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of ChinaXian710054China

rock fragments are an important component of soil,and their presence has a significant impact on soil erosion and sediment *** this paper,the effects of rock fragments in the topsoil profile(RFP)and rock fragments on the soil surface(RFS)on the soil erodibility factor(K)were assessed at a global *** spatial pattern of the relationship between stoniness and erodibility(RS-K)and its predominant factors were explored through correlation analysis,pattern analysis,and random forest model *** results were as followings:(1)The existence of RFP increased K by 2.84%.The RFS of the mountain land and desert/Gobi reduced K by 18.7%;therefore,once the RFP and RFS were taken into account in the calculation,K was 6.98%lower.(2)The predominant factors of the effect of RFS and the joint effect of RFP and RFS were elevation and slope *** predominant factors of the effect of RFP were annual average precipitation and annual average temperature.(3)In assessing and mapping soil erosion in large regions,special attention should be given to areas with large rock fragment contents,a relatively high altitude,and the presence of steep *** rock fragments were not taken into consideration,the mapping results of soil erosion may be *** article made the calculation of K more complete and accurate,thereby improving the accuracy of regional soil erosion *** research was of sig-nificance for the investigation of global hydrological effects and simulation of the global soil carbon budget.

关键词： Soilerosion Soil erodibility factor rock fragment rock cover Environmental elements

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Characteristics of rock fragments in different forest stony soil and its relationship with macropore characteristics in mountain area, northern China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第3期15卷 519-531页

作者： MENG Chen NIU Jian-zhi YIN Zheng-cong LUO Zi-teng LIN Xing-na JIA Jing-wei College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees Beijing University of Agriculture Department of Geography Texas A&M University College Station

rock fragments have major effect on soil macropores and water movement. However, the characteristics of rock fragments and their relationship with macropore characteristics remain elusive in forest stony soils in northern mountainous area of China. The objectives of this study are to(1) use Industrial Computed Tomography(CT) scanning to quantitatively analyze rock fragment characteristics in intact soil columns in different forest lands and(2) identify the relationship between characteristics of rock fragments and that of the macropores. Intact soil columns that were 100 mm in diameter and 300 mm long were randomly taken from six local forest stony soils in Wuzuolou Forest Station in Miyun, Beijing. Industrial CT was used to scan all soil column samples, and then the scanned images were utilized to obtain the three-dimensional(3 D) images of rock fragments and macropore structures. Next, theparameters of the rock fragments and macropore structure were measured, including the volume, diameter, surface area, and number of rock fragments, as well as the volume, diameter, surface area, length, angle, tortuosity and number of macropores. The results showed that no significant difference was found in soil rock fragments content in the 10-30 cm layer between mixed forest and pure forest, but in the 0-10 cm soil layer, the rock fragments in mixed forest were significantly less than in pure forest. The number density of macropores has significant negative correlation with the number of rock fragments in the 0-10 cm soil layer, whereas this correlation is not significant in 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers. The volume density of macropore was not correlated with the volume density of rock fragments, and there is no correlation between the density of macropore surface area and the density of rock fragment surface area. Industrial CT scanning combined with image processing technology canprovide a better way to explore 3 D distribution of rock fragments in soil. The content of

关键词： rock fragment Macropore Forest stone soil Mountain area Industrial Computed Tomography

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On the initiation,movement and deposition of a large landslide in Maoxian County,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第6期15卷 1319-1330页

作者： pei xiang-jun guo bin cui sheng-hua wang dong-po xu qiang li tian-tao State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

At 5 am 24 th June 2017, a catastrophic landslide hit Xinmo Village, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. The slide mass rushed down from an altitude of 3400 m and traveled 2700 m in a high velocity. The 13 million m^3 deposition buried the whole village and caused about 100 deaths. The source area of the landslide is located in a high steep slope, average slope angle is 40o and maximal angle is 65o. The strata are interbedded Triassic Zagunao Formation metamorphic sandstone and slate with the dip slope angle of 45°. Based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing image, UAV image, DEM data, and field investigation, failure mechanism, travel features, and deposit characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that this landslide was influenced by Songpinggou Fault zone. According to the topography before the failure, the landslide is located in the back scarp of an antecedent landslide induced by Diexi Earthquake in 1933. The bedding slope provided potential rupture surface. Historical seismic activities and long-term gravitational deformation caused rock mass accumulated damages. Weathering and precipitation weakened the rock mass and finally induced shearing and tension failure. A huge block detached from the top rock slope, pushed the past landslide deposits in the middle part, rushed out of the slope bottom in a high velocity and buried the Xinmo Village. The rapid movement entrained and brought the soil into the Songping Gully which recoiled with and bounced back from the opposite mountain.

关键词： Xinmo landslide Seismic damages Longrunout Failure mechanism rock fragment

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF rock BREAKING MECHANISM WITH HIGH-PRESSURE WATER JET

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2004年第1期16卷 109-110页

作者： NIHong-jian WangRui-he ShenZhong-hou OuXin-yi GeHong-kui HanZhi-yong GuanZhi-chuan LiuTing-cheng YuWen-ping CollegeofPetroleumEngineering UniversityofPetroleum（EastChina）Dongying257061China UniversityofPetroleum（EastChina） UniversityofPetroleum（EastChina） Chairman DrillingTechnologyResearchInstitute ShenliOilfield UniversityofPetroleum（EastChina） BeijingUniversityofScienceandTechnology ChinaPetroleumandChemicalCorporation

Based on the analysis of experimental results, the rock damage model and thedamage coupling model suitable for the whole rock breaking process with water jet were establishedwith continuous damage mechanics and micro damage mechanics, and the numerical method was developedwith continuum mechanics and the FEM theory. The rock breaking mechanism with water jet was studiedsystematically with numerical simulation for the first time in the field of water-jet rock *** numerical results agree with the experimental ones which shows that the presented method isreasonable and can reflect the reality of water-jet rock breaking. The conclusion can be applied inpractice.

关键词： water jet rock fragment rock damage model FEM experimental study

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Spatial variability of soil hydraulic conductivity and runoff generation types in a small mountainous catchment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第11期17卷 2724-2741页

作者： YANG Yong CHEN Ren-sheng SONG Yao-xuan HAN Chun-tan LIU Zhang-wen LIU Jun-feng Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology Inland River BasinNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China

As an important soil property,saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)controls many hydrological processes,such as runoff generation types,soil moisture storage and water *** of the extremely harsh natural environmental conditions and soil containing a significant fraction of gravel fragments in high-elevation mountainous catchments,the measurement data of Ks and other soil properties are seriously lacking,which leads to poor understanding on its hydrological processes and water *** this study,the vertical variation(0-150 cm)of Ks and other soil properties from 38 soil profiles were measured under five different land cover types(alpine barren,forest,marshy meadow,alpine shrub and alpine meadow)in a small catchment in Qilian Mountains,northwestern China.A typical characteristic of soil in mountainous areas is widespread presence of rock and gravel,and the results showed that the more rock and gravel in the soil,the higher Ks and bulk density and the lower the soil capillary porosity,field water capacity and total *** Ks of the lower layer with rock and gravel(18.49±10.22 mm·min-1)was significantly higher than that of the upper layer with relatively fine textured soil(0.18±0.18 mm·min-1).The order of values of the Ks in different land cover types was alpine barren,forest,alpine shrub,marshy meadow and alpine meadow,and the values of the Ks in the alpine barren were significantly higher than those of other land *** rainfall events in the research catchment had low rain intensity(<0.04 mm·min-1),and deep percolation(DP)was the dominant runoff generation *** the rainfall intensity increased(0.11 mm·min-1),subsurface stormflow(SSF)appeared in the alpine *** excess overland flow(IOF),SSF and DP existed simultaneously only when the rainfall intensity was extremely high(1.91 mm·min-1).IOF and SSF were almost never appeared in the alpine barren because of high *** alpine barren was the main runoffcontributed area in the

关键词： Saturated hydraulic conductivity rock fragment Land cover Runoff generation Mountain catchment

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