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Big Earth Data 2023年第4期7卷 937-960页

作者： Sarvarbek Eltazarov Ihtiyor Bobojonov Lena Kuhn Thomas Glauben Department of Agricultural Markets Marketing and World Agricultural TradeLeibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies(IAMO)HalleGermany

Open-access gridded climate products have been suggested as a potential source of data for index insurance design and operation in data-limited ***,index insurance requires climate data with long historical records,global geographical coverage and fine spatial resolution at the same time,which is nearly impossible to satisfy,especially with open-access *** this paper,we spatially downscaled gridded climate data(precipitation,temperature,and soil moisture)in coarse spatial resolution with globally available longterm historical records to finer spatial resolution,using satellite-based data and machine learning *** then investigated the effect of index insurance contracts based on downscaled climate data for hedging spring wheat *** study employed countylevel spring wheat yield data between 1982 and 2018 from 56 counties overall in Kazakhstan and *** results showed that in the majority of cases(70%),hedging effectiveness of index insurances increases when climate data is spatially downscaled with a machine learning *** improvements are statistically significant(p≤0.05).Among other climate data,more improvements in hedging effectiveness were observed when the insurance design was based on downscaled temperature and precipitation ***,this study highlights the reasonability and benefits of downscaling climate data for insurance design and operation.

关键词： Climate risk management risk reduction extreme weather random forest ESA parametric insurance

Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project Considering the Effects of Flood risk reduction and Resettlement

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2023年第5期14卷 795-812页

作者： Peng Zeng Weihua Fang Haixia Zhang Zhongmin Liang Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Academy of Disaster risk Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(ESPRE) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China

Evaluation of the economic costs and benefits of flood disaster risk management projects is ***,current costbenefit analyses(CBA) often lack reliable estimates of the expected loss reduction from flood control measures and ignore quantitative assessments of *** address these limitations,this study incorporated a probabilistic risk analysis method and quantitative resettlement benefits assessment into the CBA framework,using the Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project(WIFMP) in Jiangxi Province,China,as a case *** direct economic benefits of flood control were estimated by integrating hydrological statistics,numerical flood inundation simulation,and quantitative damage analysis with exposure and vulnerability ***,the resettlement benefits were quantified by measuring the annual income growth of migrants based on assumptions about household *** analysis shows that the total WIFMP investment is RMB 3546.1 million yuan(USD 1=RMB 6.976 yuan),including loan principal and interest of 244.4 million yuan,and operations and maintenance of 605.5 million yuan at 2020 *** project benefits are estimated at 351.3 million yuan in flood risk reduction,155.7-191.9 million yuan from increased resettlement income,and 42.7 million yuan in power and water *** the costs and benefits across the entire project lifecycle,the internal rate of return ranges from 13.7 to 14.2%,and the net present value ranges from 31.8 to 352.6 billion *** improved benefit estimation methodology,this research enables a more reliable and holistic evaluation of costs and benefits for flood risk management *** provides insights for policymakers and practitioners involved in similar projects,contributing to more informed decision making and better allocation of resources in flood disaster risk management.

关键词： Cost-benefit analysis Flood management project Resettlement risk reduction

Landslide Hazard and Community-based risk reduction Effort in Karanganyar and the Surrounding Area,Central Java,Indonesia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 149-153页

作者： KARNAWATI Dwikorita FATHANI Teuku F IGNATIUS Sudarno ANDAYANI Budi LEGONO Djoko BURTON Paul W Geological Engineering Department Gadjah Mada University Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Gadjah Mada University Faculty of Psychology Gadjah Mada University School of Environmental Sciences

Karanganyar and the surrounding area are situated in a dynamic volcanic arc region, where landslide frequently occurs during the rainy season. The rain-induced landslide disasters have been resulting in 65 fatalities and a substantial socioeconomical loss in last December 2007. Again, in early February 2009, 6 more people died, hundreds of people temporary evacuated and tens of houses damaged due to the rain-induced landslide. Accordingly, inter-disciplinary approach for geological, geotechnical and social investigations were undertaken with the goal for improving community resilience in the landslide vulnerable villages. Landslide hazard mapping and communitybased landslide mitigation were conducted to reduce the risk of landslides. The hazard mapping was carried out based on the susceptibility assessment with respect to the conditions of slope inclination, types and engineering properties of lithology/soil as well as the types of landuse. All of those parameters were analyzed by applying weighing and scoring system which were calculated by semi qualitative approach (Analytical Hierarchical Process). It was found that the weathered andesitic-steep slope (steeper than 30o) was identified as the highest susceptible slope for rapid landslide, whilst the gentle colluvial slope with inter-stratification of tuffaceous clay-silt was found to be the susceptible slope for creeping. Finally, a programme for landslide risk reduction and control were developed with special emphasize on community-based landslide mitigation and early warning system. It should be highlighted that the social approach needs to be properly addressed in order to guarantee the effectiveness of landslide risk reduction.

关键词： Landslide risk reduction Java Indonesia

Big Earth data for disaster risk reduction

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Big Earth Data 2023年第4期7卷 931-936页

作者： Lei Zou Fang Chen Xiao Huang Bandana Kar Department of Geography Texas A&M UniversityUSA International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals BejingChina The Department of Environmental Sciences Emory UniversityAtlantaUSA Building Technologies Office U.S.Department of EnergyWashington D.CUSA

In an ever-changing world,where the frequency and intensity of natural and humanmade disasters are on the rise,disaster risk reduction has emerged as a crucial focal point of interdisciplinary research,governance,and public *** risk reduction,which aims to safeguard humans and protect environments from hazards and threats,is of high societal relevance and closely related to several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).The findings from research into disaster risk reduction contribute significantly to making cities and other settlements more inclusive,safe,resilient,and sustainable.

关键词： Big Earth data disaster resilience risk reduction remote sensing social sensing deep learning

risk reduction in Autonomous Local Path-Planning for a Mobile Robot with set fitness function

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Risk reduction in Autonomous Local Path-Planning for a Mobil...

Pesticide risk reduction of Vegetable Farmers: A Case Study in Vietnam

2011 3rd International Conference on Computer Research and Development(ICCRD 2011)

作者： Reyhaneh Maarefdoust Mohsen Amani Sama technical and vocational training school Islamic Azad UniversityMashhad branchMashhadIran

This paper presents Reduce risk of a genetic algorithm based path-planning algorithm for local obstacle avoidance of a mobile robot with change in fitness function. The method tries to find not only a valid path but also an optimal one. The objectives are to minimize the length of the path and the number of turns. The proposed path planning method allows use some effective parameter to define fitness function, therefore we success to reduce risk and reach optimal path.

关键词： Path plannin Genetic Algorithm risk reduction

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第12期12卷 1055-1068页

作者： Nguyen Van Song Nguyen Thi Thuy Nguyen Cong Tiep Thai Van Ha Nguyen Dang Que Nguyen Thi Xuan Huong Vietnam National University of Agriculture Hanoi Vietnam National Academy of Education Management (NAEM) Hanoi Vietnam National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) Hanoi Vietnam Vietnam National University of Forestry (VNUF) Hanoi Vietnam

A survey was carried out on farmers cultivating vegetables in Gia Lam district, Hanoi city, Vietnam to investigate their practice in reducing pesticide risks in their farming. Pesticides were an important input in the production there, but the risks of pesticides in recent years had been insignificant. Research results showed that the majority of farmers had relatively well implemented various solutions to reduce pesticides risks in their production, including actively using alternative pest management (IPM) solutions, using biological pesticides, using pesticides properly according to the 4-right pesticide use principle, using labour protection while spraying, and applying treatment measures after spraying. The study suggested solutions to reduce and avoid pesticide risks.

关键词： Pesticides risk reduction Vegetable Farming

Disaster risk reduction and Management: Recalling the Need for Paradigm Shift in Definition

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第6期10卷 86-105页

作者： Earl Bailey Faculty of The Built Environment University of Technology Jamaica Kingston Jamaica

The paper articulates the need for a paradigm shift in defining the basis of what constitutes a disaster. This new framework must be sensitive to the need for a more theoretical approach to inform disaster and hazard management. Central to this is that the resulting approach cannot be muddled in linear rational and procedural doctrines but appreciate the dynamics of complex nonlinearity of disaster events. By engaging in thought experiment and critical analysis of existing literature, the paper deconstructs the normative paradigm of defining disaster. The end is to inform disaster management and risk reduction intervention and mitigation programmes. The presented alternative approach is sensitive of the need to equally include;spatial, political, social, parameters. These are appreciated as being equally important as those dealing with ecological and economic. The resulting not only include other elements, but also expands the definition to the complex conditions inherent in the origin of phenomena to the interaction of the phenomena with multiple and complex socio-spatial and demographic dynamics, and then appreciating the complex results of this nonlinear interaction. The need for a more substantive definition of disaster underlines the pre-analysis that is necessary for implementation of mitigation and prevention strategies. That disasters are becoming more complex is synonymous with the complexities inherent in post-war development dynamics.

关键词： risk reduction Disaster Management Origin-İnteraction-Resultant Spatial Nonlinear

Institutional analysis of intra-and post-operative tracheostomy management for risk reduction

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 370-377页

作者： Laura E.Henry Ellen A.Paul Joshua H.Atkins Niels D.Martin Ara A.Chalian Christopher H.Rassekh Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PAUSA Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PAUSA Department of Traumatology Surgical Critical Careand Emergency SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PAUSA

Objectives:Determine variability in intra-and post-operative management of tracheostomies(trachs)at our institution as existing literature suggests that trachs are a frequent trigger for airway-related *** the development of an institution-wide protocols for trach ***:A 39-question online survey was sent to 55 providers who perform open and percutaneous trachs at three of the hospitals within our large,urban,academic medical *** providers were identified by surveillance of the operating room schedules for 1 ***:The survey was completed by 40 of the 53 eligible providers(75.5%).Response rate by question *** included members of all departments that perform trachs at our institution(Otorhinolaryngology,Trauma Surgery,Thoracic Surgery,General Surgery,Cardiovascular Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology).While most responses demonstrated uniformity in practice,notable variations included the following:80%of percutaneous trach providers stated that morbid obesity was not a contraindication to performing a trach outside of the operating room(n=20)while 58%of open trach providers stated that morbid obesity was a contraindication;only 35%of open trach providers perform a Bjork flap(n=350).The survey also identified significant variability in practice with regards to timing of trach suture ***:Lack of uniformity was identified in several practices related to intra-and post-operative tracheostomy *** did,however,trend toward consensus in many *** results are being used to establish a more consistent approach to tracheostomy management across our institution to ensure standardization of practice amidst the rapidly evolving practices of trach *** for practice:With ongoing evolution in the methods of trach placement and its management,the concepts put forth here will be a resource for health care providers at other institutions to consider intra-institutional analysis and

关键词： Open tracheostomy Percutaneous tracheostomy Quality improvement risk reduction Standardization

Statins in risk-reduction and treatment of cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020年第8期11卷 573-588页

作者： Cristina I Barbalata Lucia R Tefas Marcela Achim Ioan Tomuta Alina S Porfire Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy“Iuliu-Hatieganu”University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca 400012Romania

Statins,which are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutarylcoenzyme A reductase,reduce cholesterol blood levels and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and their related *** addition to this main activity,statins show pleiotropic effects such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties,with applications in many *** on their antiproliferative properties,in vitro and in vivo studies have investigated their effects on various types of cancer(i.e.,breast cancer,prostate cancer,colorectal cancer,ovarian cancer,lung cancer)with different genetic and molecular *** positive results were obtained,but they were highly dependent on the physiochemical properties of the statins,their dose and treatment *** therapies of statins and cytotoxic drugs have also been tested,and synergistic or additive effects were ***,observational studies performed on patients who used statins for different pathologies,revealed that statins reduced the risk of developing various cancers,and improved the outcomes for cancer ***,there are many ongoing clinical trials aimed at exploring the potential of statins to lower the mortality and the disease-recurrence *** these results are the foundation of new treatment directions in cancer therapy.

关键词： Statins Cancer Pleiotropic effects risk reduction Clinical trials 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Mevalonate pathway

Efects of Tectonic Setting and Hydraulic Properties on Silent Large‑Scale Landslides: A Case Study of the Zhaobishan Landslide,China

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2023年第4期14卷 600-617页

作者： Shufeng Tian Guisheng Hu Ningsheng Chen Mahfuzur Rahman Huayong Ni Marcelo Somos‑Valenzuela Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Xining 810016China Kathmandu Center for Research and Education Chinese Academy of Sciences-Tribhuvan UniversityBeijing 100101China Department of Civil Engineering International University of Business Agriculture and Technology(IUBAT)Dhaka 1230Bangladesh Department of Civil Engineering Kunsan National UniversityGunsan 54150Republic of Korea Institute of Exploration Technology China Geological SurveyChengdu 611734China Department of Forest Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversidad de La Frontera4780000 TemucoChile

Unlike strong earthquake-triggered or heavy rainfall-triggered landslides,silent large-scale landslides(SLL)occur without signifcant triggering factors and cause unexpected signifcant disaster risks and mass *** the initiation mechanism of SLLs is crucial for risk *** this study,the mechanism of the Zhaobishan SLL was investigated,and the SLL was jointly controlled by weak-soil(fractured rock mass)and strong-water(abundant water replenishment)conditions under the impact of active tectonism and complex hydraulic *** tectonic uplift,high fault density,and historical earthquakes led to weak-soil conditions conducive to the Zhaobishan *** combined efect of unique lithology,antiform,and cultivated land contributed to the water replenishment characteristics of extensive runof confuence(3.16 times that of the landslide body)and supported long-distance groundwater replenishment,thereby forming strongwater conditions for the *** amplifed seepage amount caused the strength of the soil mass on the sliding surface to decrease to 0.4 times its initial strength,eventually triggering the Zhaobishan SLL,which occurred 4.6 days after the peak ***,the landslide deposits have accumulated on the semi-diagenetic clay rock,thereby controlling the subsequent recurring debris fows in the Lengzi *** reduce disaster risk of SLL in vulnerable mountainous regions,the water confuence area behind the main scarp of the landslides and the hysteresis characteristics between landslides and peak rainfall should be further considered,and recurring debris fows following massive landslides also should be focused.

关键词： Debris fow Hydraulic properties risk reduction Runof amplifcation Silent large-scale landslides(SLL) Tectonic setting