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On the Effects of risk pooling in Supply Chain Management:Review and Extensions

Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2009年第4期25卷 709-722页

作者： Xia Cai Dong-lei Du Faculty of Business Administration University of New Brunswick P.O. Box 4400 Fredericton NB Canada E3B 5A3

The primary challenge in supply chain management （SCM） is matching supply with uncertain demand. risk pooling is an efficient and promising strategy to meet this challenge by reducing the underlying demand uncertainty through aggregation. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the effects of risk pooling under different supply chain settings. There are two main contributions. First, we propose a mathematical framework which serves the multi-purpose of （1） unifying existing models on risk pooling in the literature, （2） providing new facets and insights of understanding existing results on risk pooling, and （3） setting up new ground for extending existing models and results. Second; we investigate one interesting effect of risk pooling, namely, the decreasing marginal return （or supermodularity）. We show that there are decreasing marginal returns in risk pooling practices under certain conditions, specifically when the demand is independent and identically distributed （I.I.D.） and normally distributed.

关键词： supply chain management (SCM) risk pooling mathematical framework

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2020年第4期11卷 466-483页

作者： Jing Zhang Zhao Zhang Fulu Tao Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Hazards of the Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Rainfall-relatedhazards—deficitrainand excessive rain—inevitably stress crop production,and weather index insurance is one possible financial tool to mitigate such agro-metrological *** this study,we investigated where two rainfall-related weather indices—anomaly-based index(AI)and humidity-based index(HI)—could be best used for three main crops(rice,wheat,and maize)in China’s main agricultural zones.A county is defined as an“insurable county”if the correlation between a weather index and yield loss was *** maize-cropping counties,both weather indices identified more insurable counties for deficit rain than for excessive rain(AI:172 vs 63;HI:182 vs 68);moreover,AI identified lower basis risk for deficit rain in most agricultural zones while HI for excessive *** rice,the number of AIinsurable counties was higher than the number of HI-insurable counties for deficit rain(274 vs 164),but lower for excessive rain(199 vs 272);basis risks calculated by two weather indices showed obvious difference only in Zone ***,more wheat-insurable counties(AI:196 vs 71;HI:73 vs 59)and smaller basis risk indicate that both weather indices performed better for excessive rain in wheatplanting *** addition,most insurable counties showed independent yield loss,but did not necessarily result in effective risk *** study is a primary evaluation of rainfall-related weather indices for the three main crops in China,which will be significantly helpful to the agricultural insurance market and governments’policy making.

关键词： Agricultural insurance China Deficit rain Excessive rain risk pooling Weather index

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