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risk identification and risk mitigation during metro station construction by enlarging shield tunnel combined with cut-and-cover method

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2008年第S1期24卷 142-146页

作者： Zhang, Xinjin Liu, Weining Lu, Meili School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China

Constructing a metro station by enlarging shield tunnels combined with a mining/cut-and-cover method provides a new method to solve the contradictions of construction time limits of shield tunnels and stations. As a new-style construction method, there are several specific risks involved in the construction process. Based on the test section of Sanyuanqiao station on Beijing metro line 10, and combined with the existing methods of risk identification at present, including a review of world-wide operational experience of similar projects, the study of generic guidance on hazards associated with the type of work being undertaken, and discussions with qualified and experienced staff from the project team, etc., the specific risks during the construction process of the metro station constructed by enlarging shield tunnels combined with the cut-and-cover method are identified. The results show that the specific risks mainly come from three construction processes which include constructing upper enclosure structures, excavating the soil between shield tunnels and demolishing shield segments. Then relevant risk mitigation measures are put forward. The results can provide references for scheme improvement and a comprehensive risk assessment of the new-style construction method.

关键词： shield tunnel cut-and-cover method metro station risk identification risk mitigation

Geological and surfacial processes and major disaster effects in the Yellow River Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第2期65卷 234-256页

作者： Hengxing LAN Jianbing PENG Yanbo ZHU Langping LI Baotian PAN Qiangbing HUANG Junhua LI Qiang ZHANG School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System(LREIS) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Earth and Environmental Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy CommissionZhengzhou 450003China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The Yellow River Basin(YRB) is characterized by active geological and tectonic processes, rapid geomorphological evolution, and distinct climatic diversity. Correspondingly, major disasters in the YRB are characterized by varied types,extensive distributions, and sudden occurrences. In addition, major disasters in the YRB usually evolve into disaster chains that cause severe consequences. Therefore, major disasters in the YRB destroy ecologies and environments and influence geological and ecological safety in the basin. This paper systematically reviews research on geological and surface processes, major disaster effects, and risk mitigation in the YRB, discusses the trends and challenges of relevant research, analyzes the key scientific problems that need to be solved, and suggests prospects for future research based on the earth system science concept. Themes of research that should be focused on include geological, surface and climatic processes in the YRB and their interlinking disaster gestation mechanisms;formation mechanisms and disaster chain evolutions of giant landslides in the upper reach of the YRB;mechanisms and disaster chain effects of loess water-soil disasters in the middle reach of the YRB;occurrence patterns and amplifying effects of giant flood chains in the lower reach of the YRB;and risk mitigations of major disasters in the YRB. Key scientific problems that need to be solved are as follows: how to reveal the geological, surface and climatic processes that are coupled and interlinked with gestation mechanisms of major disasters;how to clarify the mutual feedback effects between major disasters and ecology;and how to develop a human-environmental harmony-based integrated risk mitigation system for major disasters. Prospects for future studies that follow the earth system science concept include the following: highlighting interdisciplinary research to reveal the interlinked disaster gestation mechanisms of the geology, surface and climate in the YRB in the past, present, and future;forming th

关键词： Yellow River Basin Geological process Geomorphological evolution Major disaster effect Ecology and environment risk mitigation

risk Allocation and mitigation in Nigeria’s Privatisation Programme—A Case Study of Electric Power Sector Privatisation

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2021年第8期9卷 1-17页

作者： George Nwangwu Research Fellow African Procurement Law Unit Department of Mercantile Law Stellenbosch University South Africa Honorary Senior Research Associate The Bartlett School of Construction & Project Management University College London London UK

Under the Nigerian privatisation programme, the issues of risk allocation and mitigation were never always properly handled. Historically, there had always been a tendency to dump all the project risks on the private sector partner without properly evaluating whether it was capable of managing them. Extant literature has shown that where the comparative advantages of parties to handle risks are not properly taken into consideration, the allocation of risk is unbalanced and the tendency for the project to run into difficulties and/or fail increases. This paper looks at the electric power sector privatisation, distilling how key project risks were handled under the exercise. This should be a good pointer as to whether the privatisation exercise would be a success in the long run.

关键词： risk Allocation risk mitigation Electric Power Sector Privatisation Nigeria

Key knowledge gaps for One Health approach to mitigate nanoplastic risks

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第1期1卷 11-22页

作者： Fei Dang Qingyu Wang Yingnan Huang Yujun Wang Baoshan Xing Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003United States

There are increasing concerns over the threat of nanoplastics to environmental and human health.However,multidisciplinary barriers persist between the communities assessing the risks to environmental and human health.As a result,the hazards and risks of nanoplastics remain uncertain.Here,we identify key knowledge gaps by evaluating the exposure of nanoplastics in the environment,assessing their bio-nano interactions,and examining their potential risks to humans and the environment.We suggest considering nanoplastics a complex and dynamic mixture of polymers,additives,and contaminants,with interconnected risks to environmental and human health.We call for comprehensive integration of One Health approach to produce robust multidisciplinary evidence to nanoplastics threats at the planetary level.Although there are many challenges,this holistic approach incorporates the relevance of environmental exposure and multi-sectoral responses,which provide the opportunity to identify the risk mitigation strategies of nanoplastics to build resilient health systems.

关键词： Nanoplastics Environmental exposure Human health One health risk mitigation

The contribution of maps to the challenges of risk communication to the public

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第3期3卷 292-311页

作者： Doris Dransch Henry Rotzoll Kathrin Poser Helmholtz Centre Potsdam German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany Institute for Geography Humboldt-University BerlinBerlinGermany Center for Disaster Management and risk Reduction Technology(CEDIM) PotsdamGermany

risk communication is a significant challenge in risk management.It serves different purposes;an important one is to improve the public risk awareness and mitigation.Because of the strong spatio-temporal component of natural hazards,maps can play a decisive role in communicating risk information.The application and design of maps for risk communication especially to the public has not been investigated comprehensively.Specific constraints and challenges of risk communication have not been considered systematically in the map design process so far.This study aims at developing a frame for the application and design of interactive risk and hazard maps for the public which is based on the specific constraints and challenges of risk communication.In a literature review it introduces concepts and methods from social sciences and psychology,which have been assessed as important for communicating risk information.The concepts and methods are adapted to map-mediated risk communication according to the approaches of Activity Theory.Communication objectives and tasks which are essential to improve risk mitigation are identified and geovisualization methods for information presentation are related according to the degree which they are able to serve them.Based on this,some principles for map-based risk communication are established.

关键词： risk management risk communication risk mitigation risk maps task-oriented geovisualization Digital Earth visualization geoinformatics GIS

Tourism Developments Increase Tsunami Disaster risk in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 764-769页

作者： Vincent Nijman Department of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes UniversityOxford OX30BP.United Kingdom

On 17 July 2006,the tourist resort of Pangandaran on Java’s south coast was hit by a tsunami,resulting in 413 fatalities and severe damage to buildings.The tsunami resulted in major rebuilds with a focus on mass tourism.Assessments of the impact of a future tsunami focussed on building development and suggest limited change since 2006.This article presents a case study on the development of(largely domestic)tourism in Pangandaran and how this has increased the tsunami disaster risk.Tourist numbers were stable at about 900,000 visitors a year prior to the tsunami,down to slightly over 250,000 visitors a year in its aftermath,and from 2007 onwards numbers are doubling every three years to about 4 million visitors in 2019.The increase has been most pronounced during weekends.Prior to 2006,Pangandaran was characterized by wooden structures and one-and two-story buildings of clay-brick masonry;by 2019,14 three to sixstory hotels have been erected along the waterfront.With many more visitors,most of whom are unfamiliar with tsunami risks,and shelter facilities for less than a quarter of visitors during peak times,future impacts and the potential cost to life are considerably higher now than in 2006,especially if a tsunami were to hit over a weekend.All tourists upon arrival and throughout their stay should be better informed about the risks of tsunamis,and of the location of tsunami shelters and evacuation routes.

关键词： Disaster resilience Effective warning Indonesia risk mitigation Tourism Tsunami

Understanding the Importance of Effective Third-Party risk Management on Data Governance

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Management Studies 2023年第6期11卷 307-311页

作者： Marios E.Menexiadis Michail Ch.Xanthopoulos Aegean Airlines AthensGreece National and Kapodistrian University of Athens AthensGreece University of Greenwich LondonUK

With a view to adopting to the globalized business landscape,organizations rely on third-party business relationships to enhance their operations,expand their capabilities,and drive innovation.While these collaborations offer numerous benefits,they also introduce a range of risks that organizations must carefully mitigate.If the obligation to meet the regulatory requirements is added to the equation,mitigating the third-party risk related to data governance,becomes one of the biggest challenges.

关键词： third-party risk data governance data breach internal control system risk mitigation

China’s Credit risk mitigation Tools Pricing Based on Jarrow-Turnbull Model

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China’s Credit Risk Mitigation Tools Pricing Based on Jarro...

第六届（2011）中国管理学年会——金融分会场

作者： Wu Min, Zhang Qiang (College of Finance and Statistics of Hunan University, Hunan Changsha, 410079)

Credit risk mitigation tool （CRM） is an innovative credit risk management tool that pilot launched by the inter-bank market in 2010, it stripping and pricing the credit risk of commercial paper, medium-term notes, bank loans and other assets, and transferred the risk to other investment, their introduction radically changed the traditional features of credit risk management. First, the pricing of the pilot status of CRM analysis, the impact of factors including CRM pricing risk-free interest rate, the underlying bond’s risk exposure, default probability, loss given default rate and duration, CRM deadlines. Secondly, the introduction of Jarrow-Turnbull model, the pricing of credit risk mitigation tools to measure and found that interest rates or central bank bills, treasury bonds over the same period as the CRM benchmark interest rate is more appropriate, and the Jarrow-Turnbull model for different time, different levels of CRM pricing of credit discrimination. More reasonable deal with the issue of pricing is closer to CRM, CRM products for our current pricing. Finally, propose CRM pricing optimization strategies, including completing the underlying database, exploring risk-free interest rate, innovative underlying bond rating system, guiding CRM market diversification and optimization of maker trading system.

关键词： Credit risk risk mitigation risk pricing Jarrow-Turnbull Model

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地缘环境系统模拟研究（英文）

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第7期28卷 871-880页

作者：葛全胜江东陆锋付晶莹王绍强邓祥征 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment Ministry of Land & Resource

Geographical circumstances are the fundamental background for all kinds of geopolitical events. The geopolitical environment system（GES） refers to a system that combines both physical and anthropogenic subsystems. Research on the geopolitical environment system simulation is a key to understanding the international geopolitical phenomenon. The theory of GES arose from the integration of the traditional geopolitics and earth system sciences. As an interdisciplinary system composed of many different fields, integrated reviews and a metadata study of GES are urgently needed. This paper presents a comprehensive view into the origination and advance of the GES theory. The conceptual framework of the GES is described in detail. The methodology for simulating and forecasting geopolitical events is also provided. It is proposed that the core topics of the GES science may include, but are not limited to, issues as data acquisition technologies; principles on the interactions between multiple subsystems（or factors） at different scales; evaluating and mitigating the global geopolitical risks, including the political risks, economic risks, the social risks, the environmental risks and the technological risks; and forecasting the geopolitical events with machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques.

关键词： geopolitical environment system geopolitical conflicts risk mitigation big data analysis