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Multiple Recombination Processes in a Mitochondrial Genomic Region of Wild rice Created a CMS Gene and Recorded the evolution of rice

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分子植物育种 2007年第2期 163-164页

作者： Z.L. Liu H. Xu H. Wu J.X. Guo Q.Y. Zhang S. Ye X.Y. Li Y.G. Liu * Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is widespread among higher plants. CMS/Rf systems are ideal models for studying the interaction of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants, and represent a valuable tool to harness

关键词： Cytoplasmic male sterility Hybrid rice rice evolution New gene origination

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Oryzalexin S biosynthesis:a cross-stitched disappearing pathway

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aBIOTECH 2023年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Le Zhao Richard Oyagbenro Yiling Feng Meimei Xu Reuben J.Peters Roy J.Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA

rice produces many diterpenoid phytoalexins and,reflecting the importance of these natural products in this important cereal crop plant,its genome contains three biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)for such metabolism.The chromosome 4 BGC(c4BGC)is largely associated with momilactone production,in part due to the presence of the initiating syn-copalyl diphosphate(CPP)synthase gene(OsCPS4).Oryzalexin S is also derived from syn-CPP.However,the relevant subsequently acting syn-stemarene synthase gene(OsKSL8)is not located in the c4BGC.Production of oryzalexin S further requires hydroxylation at carbons 2 and 19(C2 and C19),presumably catalyzed by cytochrome P450(CYP)monooxygenases.Here it is reported the closely related CYP99A2 and CYP99A3,whose genes are also found in the c4BGC catalyze the necessary C19-hydroxylation,while the closely related CYP71Z21 and CYP71Z22,whose genes are found in the recently reported chromosome 7 BGC(c7BGC),catalyze subsequent hydroxylation at C2α.Thus,oryzalexin S biosynthesis utilizes two distinct BGCs,in a pathway cross-stitched together by OsKSL8.Notably,in contrast to the widely conserved c4BGC,the c7BGC is subspecies(ssp.)specific,being prevalent in ssp.japonica and only rarely found in the other major ssp.indica.Moreover,while the closely related syn-stemodene synthase OsKSL11 was originally considered to be distinct from OsKSL8,it has now been reported to be a ssp.indica derived allele at the same genetic loci.Intriguingly,more detailed analysis indicates that OsKSL8(j)is being replaced by OsKSL11(OsKSL8i),suggesting introgression from ssp.indica to(sub)tropical japonica,with concurrent disappearance of oryzalexin S production.

关键词： Biosynthetic gene clusters Phytoalexins Diterpenoids rice evolution

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