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Straw interlayer improves sunflower root growth: Evidence from moisture and salt migration and the microbial community in saline-alkali soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第11期23卷 3870-3881页

作者： Mengmeng Chen Guoli Wang Yupeng Jing Jie Zhou Jiashen Song Fangdi Chang Ru Yu Jing Wang Weini Wang Xia Sun Hongyuan Zhang Yuyi Li State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Ordos Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center

A straw interlayer added to soil can effectively reduce soil salinity effects on plant growth, however, the effects of soil moisture, salt and microbial community composition on plant growth under a straw interlayer are unclear. A rhizobox study was conducted to investigate the role of straw interlayer thickness on soil moisture, salt migration, microbial community composition, as well as root growth in sunflower. The study included four treatments: Control(no straw interlayer); S3(straw interlayer of 3.0 cm); S5(straw interlayer of 5.0 cm); S7(straw interlayer of 7.0 cm). Straw interlayer treatments increased soil moisture by 8.2–11.0% after irrigation and decreased soil salt content after the bud stage in 0–40 cm soil. Total root length, total root surface area, average root diameter, total root volume and the number of root tips of sunflower plants were higher under straw interlayer treatments than in the control, and were the highest under the S5 treatment. This stimulated root growth was ascribed to the higher abundance of Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobia bacteria in soil with a straw interlayer, which was increased by 55.7 and 54.7%, respectively,in the S5 treatment. Addition of a straw interlayer of 5 cm thickness is a practical and environmentally feasible approach for improving sunflower root growth in saline-alkali soil.

关键词： saline-alkali soil rhizobox soil water soil salt content bacterial community

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Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第6期6卷 797-805页

作者： YiZHONG Jian WANG Yizhi SONG Yuting LIANG Guanghe LI School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A rhizobox system constructed with crude oil- contaminated soil was vegetated with alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） to evaluate the rhizosphere effects on the soil microbial population and functional structure, and to explore the potential mechanisms by which plants enhance the removal of crude oil in soil. During the 80-day experiment, 31.6% of oil was removed from the adjacent rhizosphere （AR）; this value was 27% and 53% higher than the percentage of oil removed from the far rhizosphere （FR） and from the non-rhizosphere （NR）, respectively. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria were higher in the AR and FR than in the NR. However, the removal rate of crude oil was positively correlated with the proportion of hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. In total, 796, 731, and 379 functional genes were detected by microarray in the AR, FR, and NR, respectively. Higher proportions of functional genes related to carbon degradation and organic remediation, were found in rhizosphere soil compared with NR soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere selectively increased the abundance of these specific functional genes. The increase in water-holding capacity and decrease in pH as well as salinity of the soil all followed the order of AR 〉 FR 〉 NR. Canonical component analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor influencing the microbial functional structure in the rhizosphere and that salinity was negatively correlated with the abundance of carbon and organic degradation genes.

关键词： crude oil-contaminated soil phytoremedia-tion rhizosphere effects rhizobox functional genes

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Root-Induced Changes of pH, Eh, Fe(Ⅱ) and Fractions of Pb and Zn in Rhizosphere Soils of Four Wetland Plants with Different Radial Oxygen Losses

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 518-527页

作者： YANG Jun-Xing LIU Yong YE Zhi-Hong Laboratory of Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101(China) State Key Laboratory for Bio-control and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006(China) South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou 510300(China)

A rhizobox experiment was conducted to compare iron （Fe） oxidation and changes of pH, redox potential （Eh） and fractions of zinc （Zn） and lead （Pb） in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four emergent-rooted wetland plants （Echinodorus macrophyllus, Eleocharis geniculata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris and Veronica serpyllifolia） with different radial oxygen loss （ROL） from roots. The results indicated that all these wetland plants decreased pH and concentration of Fe（II） but increased the Eh in the rhizosphere soils. Pb and Zn were transformed from unstable fractions to more stable fractions in the rhizosphere soils, so decreasing their potential metal mobility factors （MF）. Among the four plants, E. macrophyllus, with the highest ROL and root biomass, possessed the greatest ability in formation of Fe plaque and in the reduction of heavy metal MFs in the rhizosphere soil. Wetland plants, with higher ROLs and root biomass, may thus be effective in decreasing potential long-term heavy metal bioavailabilities.

关键词： heavy metal iron oxidation mobility factor plaque rhizobox

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Plasticity of wheat seedling responses to K^(+) deficiency highlighted by integrated phenotyping of roots and root hairs over the whole root system

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 69-83页

作者： Ikram Madani Jean-Benoit Peltier Martin Boeglin Hervé Sentenac Anne-Aliénor Véry Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier UMR 5004 CNRS-386 INRAE-Université Montpellier-Institut AgroCampus SupAgro-INRAE Bat 7Place VialaMontpellier 34060 Cedex 2France

The availability in the soil of potassium(K^(+)),a poorly mobile macronutrient required in large quantities for plant growth,is generally suboptimal for crop production in the absence of fertilization,making improvement of the ability of crops to adapt to K^(+)deficiency stress a major *** the uptake capacity of the root system is among the main strategies to achieve this ***,we report an integrative approach to examine the effect of K^(+)deficiency on the development of young plant entire root system,including root hairs which are known to provide a significant contribution to the uptake of poorly mobile nutrients such as K^(+),in two genetically distant wheat varieties.A rhizobox-type methodology was developed to obtain highly-resolved images of root and root hairs,allowing to describe global root and root hair traits over the whole root system via image analysis *** two wheat varieties responded differently to the K^(+)shortage:Escandia,a wheat ancestor,reduced shoot biomass in condition of K^(+)shortage and substantially increased the surface area of its root system,specifically by increasing the total root hair *** Zenati,a landrace,conversely appeared unresponsive to the K^(+)shortage but was shown to constitutively express,independently of the external K^(+)availability,favorable traits to cope with reduced K^(+)availability,among which a high total root hair ***,valuable information on root system adaptation to K^(+)deficiency was provided by global analyses including root hairs,which should also be relevant for other nutrient stresses.

关键词： K^(+)deficiency Root hair Root system Phenotyping Wheat rhizobox Root plasticity

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Mitrification－Denitrification Lossof Added Nitrogenin Flooded Rice Rhizosphere

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Pedosphere 1994年第2期4卷 145-152页

作者： LI XIN-HUI ZHU ZHAO-LIANG CAI GUI-XIN ZHOU KE-YU and CAO YA-CHENG(Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, P.O .Box 821 . Nanjing (China))

Nitrification-denitrification losses of ￣15N-labelled nitrate and ammonium applied to the rhizosphere andnonrhizosphere of flooded rice were evaluated in 2 greenhouse rhizobox experiments. The loss of added Nvia denitrification was estimated directly by measuring the total fluxes of (N_2O+N_2)￣15N. It was found that 67% and51%-56% of ￣15N-nitrate added to rice rhizosphere were lost as (N_2O+N_)-￣15N in the 2 experiments, respectively,which were comparable to that added to nonrhizosphere soil (70%and47%, respectively), implying that tbedenitrifying activity in rice rhizosphere was as high as that in nonrhizosphere soil. However, only trace amounts(0-0.3% of added N) were recovered as (N_2O+N_2)-￣15N when ￣15N-ammonium was applied to either rhizosphere ornonrhizosphere, which seems to indicate that the nitrifying activity in the either rhizosphere or nonrhizosphere soilswas quite low. The apparent denitrification calculated from ￣15N balance studies was 10%-47% higher than the totalflux of (N_2O+N_2)-￣15N. Reasons for the large differences can not be explained satisfactorily. Though the denitrifyingactivity in rhizospbere was high and comparable to that in nonrhizosphere soil, presumably due to the low nitrifyingactivity and/ or the strong competition of N uptake against denitrification, the nitrification-denitrification takingplace in rhizosphere could not be an important mechanism of loss of ammonium N in flooded rice-soil system.

关键词： denitrification ￣15N balance nitrification rhizobox rhizosphere

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Microbial Community Characteristics in the Rhizosphere of Atrazine-contaminated Soil by Dendroremediation of Poplar

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第12期18卷 2423-2426,2519页

作者：姚斌刘方刘昌勇韦秀文中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所北京100091 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院贵州贵阳550025 国家林业局管理干部学院北京102600 海南省环境科学研究院海南海口570206

The change of microbial community characteristics in the different rhizo- sphere zones of hybrid poplar （Populusdeltoidsxnigra, DN34） under atrazine stress were investigated by rhizo-boxes and Biolog system in a greenhouse experiment, with sublimed sulfur and calcium hydroxide as soil pH regulators. Data from the measurement by the Biolog ECO plate demonstrated that the value of average well color development （AWCD） and the carbon source utilization of soil microorganisms in the treatments with pH regulators were promoter than CK during the initial 30 days; while the results from the 90 days indicated that the activity and the carbon source utilization of soil microbes in acid regulator treatment began to fall down, even lower than that of poplar implant treatment, then the alkaline treatment could still stimulate and promote the activity and the carbon source utilization ability of soil microbes. Overall, the activity and community structure of soil microbes in rhizo- sphere zones of atrazine-contaminated soil did not show steady regularity during the phytoremediation process by using hybrid poplars. For the reason that the Biolog E- CO plate, which only had 31 kinds of carbon sources, could not really indicate the detail information about the function diversity of community structure of soil mi- crobes. So it＇s essential for us to take more sophisticated analysis tools for further study.

关键词： Poplar rhizobox Atrazine Microbes Average absorbance Diversity

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