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Eliciting conditioned taste aversion in lizards:Live toxic prey are more effective than scent and taste cues alone

Integrative Zoology 2017年第2期12卷 112-120页

作者： Georgia WARD-FEAR Jai THOMAS Jonathan K.WEBB David J.PEARSON Richard SHINE School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Life Sciences University of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife WanerooWestern AustraliaAustralia

Conditioned taste aversion(CTA)is an adaptive learning mechanism whereby a consumer associates the taste of a certain food with symptoms caused by a toxic substance,and thereafter avoids eating that type of ***,wildlife researchers have employed CTA to discourage native fauna from ingesting toxic cane toads(rhinella marina),a species that is invading tropical *** this paper,we compare the results of 2 sets of CTA trials on large varanid lizards(“goannas,”Varanus panoptes).One set of trials(described in this paper)exposed recently-captured lizards to sausages made from cane toad flesh,laced with a nausea-inducing chemical(lithium chloride)to reinforce the aversion *** other trials(in a recently-published paper,reviewed herein)exposed free-ranging lizards to live juvenile cane *** effectiveness of the training was judged by how long a lizard survived in the wild before it was killed(fatally poisoned)by a cane *** stimuli elicited rapid aversion to live toads,but the CTA response did not enhance survival rates of the sausage-trained goannas after they were released into the *** contrast,the goannas exposed to live juvenile toads exhibited higher long-term survival rates than did untrained *** results suggest that although it is relatively easy to elicit short-term aversion to toad cues in goannas,a biologically realistic stimulus(live toads,encountered by free-ranging predators)is most effective at buffering these reptiles from the impact of invasive toxic prey.

关键词： conditioned taste aversion invasive species rhinella marina Varanus conservation tropical Australia

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Foraging Responses of the Larvae of Invasive Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)： Possible Implications for Bullfrog Control and Ecological Impact in China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2017年第4期18卷 253-261页

作者： Chunxia XU Xu GAO Michael R. CROSSLAND Zetian LIU Supen WANG Wei ZHU Richard SHINE Yiming LI Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006 Australia

The predatory behavior of invasive species can affect their ecological impact, and offer opportunities for targeted control. In Australia, tadpoles of invasive cane toads （rhinella marina） do not consume eggs of native anurans, but are strongly attracted to （and consume） newly-laid eggs of conspecifics; chemical cues from such eggs （or adult secretions） thus can be used to attract toad tadpoles to traps. Do other invasive anurans show similar selectivity？ Our laboratory trials on a Chinese population of invasive American bullfrogs （Lithobates catesbeianus） revealed similar behaviors as exhibited by Australian cane toads. Bullfrog tadpoles rarely consumed the eggs of native anurarts, but were attracted to both bullfrog eggs and bullfrog skin secretions. Although the attraction response was less intense in bullfrogs than in cane toads, it might nonetheless enable selective removal of bullfrog tadpoles from invaded sites.

关键词： alien species biocontrol Bufo marinus pheromone rhinella marina Lithobates catesbeianus tadpole ecology

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Hotspot of Adult Cuban Treefrog and Cane Toad Multi-organ Abnormality in Suburban South-west Florida

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第2期11卷 139-154页

作者： Sharon Pratt ANZALDUA Javier GOLDBERG Private University 27427 Horne Ave Bonita SpringsFlorida 34135USA Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA(IBIGEO-CONICET) CCT-Salta9 de Julio 14Rosario de LermaSalta 4405Argentina

This study represents a continuation of the Florida hotspot of tadpole abnormality found in the Southwest Florida suburban roadside drainage ditches in 2012 to determine if the adult frogs and toads frequenting the study sites were anatomically *** gross examination of all organs included 397 adult anurans and 40 metamorphs representing five anuran species:Osteopilus septentrionalis(N=364),rhinella marina(N=60),Lithobates sphenocephala(N=7),Anaxyrus terrestris(N=5)and Anaxyrus americanus(N=1).The gonads,liver,kidney and intestines were abnormal at a frequency of 87.4%.The few normal anurans(12.6%)were females and young male *** found a significant difference in organ abnormality type and f requency between *** all f rog and toad males had testicular abnormality(92%)with only 6%with normal testes,whereas the female gonad abnormality was lower,at 41.6%.Hermaphroditism was found in both sexes at a frequency of 26.2%.The toads had a significantly higher frequency of hermaphroditism than the *** toad hermaphroditism frequency was found to be 40%,whereas the frog hermaphroditism 23.3%.A hermaphrodite Cane toad male with a female phenotype coexisted with the normal male phenotype *** fertility of 27 in situ pairs was *** fertile testicular abnormal male and hermaphrodite pairs produced offspring with abnormal larval *** information adds new evidence of the effect of chemicals on wild populations and the effect on non-target species which has always been underestimated.

关键词： gonad hermaphrodite malformation Osteopilus septentrionalis rhinella marina

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