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reversible data hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Prediction and Adaptive Classification Scrambling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第12期65卷 2623-2638页

作者： Lingfeng Qu Hongjie He Shanjun Zhang Fan Chen School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611756China Department of Information Science The Faculty of ScienceKanagawa UniversityKanagawa259129 Japan

reversible data hiding in encrypted images(RDH-EI)technology is widely used in cloud storage for image privacy *** order to improve the embedding capacity of the RDH-EI algorithm and the security of the encrypted images,we proposed a reversible data hiding algorithm for encrypted images based on prediction and adaptive classification ***,the prediction error image is obtained by a novel prediction method before ***,the image pixel values are divided into two categories by the threshold range,which is selected adaptively according to the image *** high-significant bits of pixels within the threshold range are used for embedding data and pixel values outside the threshold range remain *** optimal threshold selected adaptively ensures the maximum embedding capacity of the ***,the security of encrypted images can be improved by the combination of XOR encryption and classification scrambling encryption since the embedded data is independent of the pixel *** results demonstrate that the proposed method has higher embedding capacity compared with the current state-of-the-art methods for images with different texture complexity.

关键词： reversible data hiding classification scrambling prediction error multi-bits embedding

reversible data hiding in Encrypted Image Based on Block Classification Permutation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2019年第4期59卷 119-133页

作者： Qun Mo Heng Yao Fang Cao Zheng Chang Chuan Qin School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China College of Information Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai201306China ICD-LOSI UMR CNRS 6281University of Technology of Troyes10000 TroyesFrance

Recently,reversible data hiding in encrypted image(RDHEI)has attracted extensive attention,which can be used in secure cloud computing and privacy protection *** this paper,a novel RDHEI scheme based on block classification and permutation is *** owner first divides original image into non-overlapping blocks and then set a threshold to classify these blocks into smooth and non-smooth blocks *** block classification,content owner utilizes a specific encryption method,including stream cipher encryption and block permutation to protect image content *** the encrypted image,data hider embeds additional secret information in the most significant bits(MSB)of the encrypted pixels in smooth blocks and the final marked image can be *** the receiver side,secret data will be extracted correctly with data-hiding *** receiver only has encryption key,after stream cipher decryption,block scrambling decryption and MSB error prediction with threshold,decrypted image will be *** data hiding key and encryption key are both obtained,receiver can find the smooth and non-smooth blocks correctly and MSB in smooth blocks will be predicted correctly,hence,receiver can recover marked image *** results demonstrate that our scheme can achieve better rate-distortion performance than some of state-of-the-art schemes.

关键词： reversible data hiding image encryption image recovery

reversible data hiding Based on Run-Level Coding in H.264/AVC Video Streams

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第5期63卷 911-922页

作者： Yi Chen Hongxia Wang Xuyun Zhang School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611756China College of Cybersecurity Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064China Department of Electrical Computer and Software EngineeringUniversity of AucklandAuckland1023New Zealand

This paper presents a reversible data hiding(RDH)method,which is designed by combining histogram modification(HM)with run-level coding in H.264/advanced video coding(AVC).In this scheme,the run-level is changed for embedding data into H.264/AVC video *** order to guarantee the reversibility of the proposed scheme,the last nonzero quantized discrete cosine transform(DCT)coefficients in embeddable 4×4 blocks are shifted by the technology of histogram *** proposed scheme is realized after quantization and before entropy coding of H.264/AVC compression ***,the embedded information can be correctly extracted at the decoding ***-signal-noise-to-ratio(PSNR)and Structure similarity index(SSIM),embedding payload and bit-rate variation are exploited to measure the performance of the proposed *** results have shown that the proposed scheme leads to less SSIM variation and bit-rate increase.

关键词： reversible data hiding run-level coding visual quality bit-rate increase H.264/AVC video streams

reversible data hiding in Classification-Scrambling Encrypted-Image Based on Iterative Recovery

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2018年第8期56卷 299-312页

作者： Yuyu Chen Bangxu Yin Hongjie He Shu Yan Fan Chen Hengming Tai Mao Yisheng Honors College Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611756China School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611756China Department of Electrical Engineering University of TulsaTulsaOK 74104USA

To improve the security and quality of decrypted images,this work proposes a reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on iterative *** encrypted image is firstly generated by the pixel classification scrambling and bit-wise exclusive-OR(XOR),which improves the security of encrypted *** then,a pixel-typemark generation method based on block-compression is designed to reduce the extra burden of key management and *** last,an iterative recovery strategy is proposed to optimize the marked decrypted image,which allows the original image to be obtained only using the encryption *** proposed reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted image is not vulnerable to the ciphertext-only attack due to the fact that the XOR-encrypted pixels are scrambled in the corresponding encrypted *** results demonstrate that the decrypted images obtained by the proposed method are the same as the original ones,and the maximum embedding rate of proposed method is higher than the previously reported reversible data hiding methods in encrypted image.

关键词： reversible data hiding image encryption scrambling encryption iterative recovery

reversible data hiding Algorithm in Encrypted Images Based on Adaptive Median Edge Detection and Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 1123-1155页

作者： Zongbao Jiang Minqing Zhang Weina Dong Chao Jiang Fuqiang Di Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security of People’s Armed Police Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Engineering UniversityXi’an710086China

With the rapid advancement of cloud computing technology,reversible data hiding algorithms in encrypted images(RDH-EI)have developed into an important field of study concentrated on safeguarding privacy in distributed cloud ***,existing algorithms often suffer from low embedding capacities and are inadequate for complex data access *** address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding algorithm in encrypted images based on adaptive median edge detection(AMED)and ciphertext-policy attributebased encryption(CP-ABE).This proposed algorithm enhances the conventional median edge detection(MED)by incorporating dynamic variables to improve pixel prediction *** carrier image is subsequently reconstructed using the Huffman coding *** image generation is then achieved by encrypting the image based on system user attributes and data access rights,with the hierarchical embedding of the group’s secret data seamlessly integrated during the encryption process using the CP-ABE ***,the encrypted image is transmitted to the data hider,enabling independent embedding of the secret data and resulting in the creation of the marked encrypted *** approach allows only the receiver to extract the authorized group’s secret data,thereby enabling fine-grained,controlled *** results indicate that,in contrast to current algorithms,the method introduced here considerably improves the embedding rate while preserving lossless image ***,the average maximum embedding rates for the(3,4)-threshold and(6,6)-threshold schemes reach 5.7853 bits per pixel(bpp)and 7.7781 bpp,respectively,across the BOSSbase,BOW-2,and USD ***,the algorithm facilitates permission-granting and joint-decryption ***,this paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the algorithm’s robustness using metrics such as image correlation,information entropy,and number of pix

关键词： Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption complex data access structure reversible data hiding large embedding space

reversible data hiding Based on Pixel-Value-Ordering and Pixel Block Merging Strategy

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2019年第6期59卷 925-941页

作者： Wengui Su Xiang Wang Yulong Shen College of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System&Advanced Manufacturing Technology College of Mechanical EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China College of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China

With the reversible data hiding method based on pixel-value-ordering,data are embedded through the modification of the maximum and minimum values of a block.A significant relationship exists between the embedding performance and the block *** pixel-value-ordering methods utilize pixel blocks with a fixed size to embed data;the smaller the pixel blocks,greater is the embedding ***,it tends to result in the deterioration of the quality of the marked ***,a novel reversible data hiding method is proposed by incorporating a block merging strategy into Li et al.’s pixel-value-ordering method,which realizes the dynamic control of block size by considering the image ***,the cover image is divided into non-overlapping 2×2 pixel ***,according to their complexity,similarity and thresholds,these blocks are employed for data embedding through the pixel-value-ordering method directly or after being emerged into 2×4,4×2,or 4×4 sized ***,smaller blocks can be used in the smooth region to create a high embedding capacity and larger blocks in the texture region to maintain a high peak signal-to-noise *** results prove that the proposed method is superior to the other three advanced *** achieves a high embedding capacity while maintaining low distortion and improves the embedding performance of the pixel-value-ordering algorithm.

关键词： reversible data hiding pixel-value-ordering prediction error expansion dynamic block partition

reversible data hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Adaptive Prediction and Labeling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3613-3628页

作者： Jiaohua Qin Zhibin He Xuyu Xiang Neal N.Xiong College of Computer Science and Information Technology Central South University of Forestry&TechnologyChangsha410004China Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Northeastern State UniversityTahlequah74464OKUSA

Recently,reversible data hiding in encrypted images(RDHEI)based on pixel prediction has been a hot ***,existing schemes still employ a pixel predictor that ignores pixel changes in the diagonal direction during prediction,and the pixel labeling scheme is *** solve these problems,this paper proposes reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on adaptive prediction and ***,we design an adaptive gradient prediction(AGP),which uses eight adjacent pixels and combines four scanning methods(i.e.,horizontal,vertical,diagonal,and diagonal)for *** can adaptively adjust the weight of the linear prediction model according to the weight of the edge attribute of the pixel,which improves the prediction ability of the predictor for complex *** the same time,we adopt an adaptive huffman coding labeling scheme,which can adaptively generate huffman codes for labeling according to different images,effectively improving the scheme’s embedding performance on the *** experimental results show that the algorithm has a higher embedding *** embedding rate on the test image Jetplane is 4.2102 bpp,and the average embedding rate on the image dataset Bossbase is 3.8625 bpp.

关键词： reversible data hiding adaptive gradient prediction huffman coding embedding capacity

Minimum Structural Similarity Distortion for reversible data hiding

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第3期27卷 582-587页

作者： XU Jiajia ZHANG Weiming JIANG Ruiqi YU Nenghai HU Xiaocheng University of Science and Technology of China

Until now, most reversible data hiding(RDH) techniques have been evaluated by Peak signal-tonoise ratio(PSNR), which based on Mean squared error(MSE). Unfortunately, MSE turns out to be an extremely poor measure when the purpose is to predict perceived signal fidelity or quality. The Structural similarity(SSIM)index has gained widespread popularity as an alternative motivating principle for the design of image quality measures. How to utilize the characterize of SSIM to design RDH algorithm is very critical. We propose an optimal RDH algorithm under structural similarity constraint. We deduce the metric of the structural similarity constraint,and further we prove it does not hold Non-crossing-edges(NCE) property. We construct the rate-distortion function of optimal structural similarity constraint, which is equivalent to minimize the average distortion for a given embedding rate, and then we can obtain the optimal transition probability matrix under the structural similarity constraint. Experiments show that our proposed method can be used to improve the performance of previous RDH schemes evaluated by SSIM.

关键词： reversible data hiding Structural similarity Recursive code construction

On the Privacy-Preserving Outsourcing Scheme of reversible data hiding over Encrypted Image data in Cloud Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2018年第6期55卷 523-539页

作者： Lizhi Xiong Yunqing Shi School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNo.219Ningliu RoadNanjing 210044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyUniversity Heights NewarkNew Jersey 07102USA

Advanced cloud computing technology provides cost saving and flexibility of services for *** the explosion of multimedia data,more and more data owners would outsource their personal multimedia data on the *** the meantime,some computationally expensive tasks are also undertaken by cloud ***,the outsourced multimedia data and its applications may reveal the data owner’s private information because the data owners lose the control of their ***,this thought has aroused new research interest on privacy-preserving reversible data hiding over outsourced multimedia *** this paper,two reversible data hiding schemes are proposed for encrypted image data in cloud computing:reversible data hiding by homomorphic encryption and reversible data hiding in encrypted *** former is that additional bits are extracted after decryption and the latter is that extracted before ***,a combined scheme is also *** paper proposes the privacy-preserving outsourcing scheme of reversible data hiding over encrypted image data in cloud computing,which not only ensures multimedia data security without relying on the trustworthiness of cloud servers,but also guarantees that reversible data hiding can be operated over encrypted images at the different *** analysis confirms the correctness of the proposed encryption model and justifies the security of the proposed *** computation cost of the proposed scheme is acceptable and adjusts to different security levels.

关键词： Cloud data security re-encryption reversible data hiding cloud computing privacy-preserving.