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Remediation of Pulp and Paper Industry Effluent Using Electrocoagulation Process

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第3期11卷 296-310页

作者： Dushyant Kumar Chhaya Sharma Environmental Research Laboratory Department of Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India

Electrocoagulation of pulp and paper industry effluent with SS-304 electrode has been carried out under varying process variable such as pH, current density, time and dose of electrolyte to find out the optimum conditions. Maximum reduction efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 82% and color more than 99% from pulp and paper industry wastewater at the following conditions pH = 7, current density = 24.80 mA/cm2 time = 40 min and dose of electrolytes = 1.0 g/L. Moreover, effects of electrolytes dosage on electricity consumption were observed and found to be that NaCl is better in comparison of Na2SO4 in respect of lower down the electricity consumption. But application of NaCl causes the formation of hazardous compounds as secondary pollutants within treated water. Therefore, Na2SO4 could be a potent replacement of NaCl to enhance the conductivity of paper industry effluent treated by EC process. The treated water has been compared with standard of Central Pollution control board (CPCB) and World Health organization, and found to be suitable for the reuse in irrigation.

关键词： Pulp Paper Industry Electrocoagulation Treatment Wastewater reuse Chemical Oxygen Demand Color

Influence of Physical and Chemical Parameters on the Treatment of Heavy Metals in Polluted Stormwater Using Zeolite—A Review

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第10期3卷 758-767页

作者： Abdul M. Ziyath Parvez Mahbub Ashantha Goonetilleke Moses O. Adebajo Serge Kokot Adekunle Oloyede 不详

Zeolite-based technology can provide a cost effective solution for stormwater treatment for the removal of toxic heavy metals under increasing demand of safe water from alternative sources. This paper reviews the currently available knowledge relating to the effect of properties of zeolites such as pore size, surface area and Si:Al ratio and the physico-chemical conditions of the system such as pH, temperature, initial metal concentration and zeolite concentration on heavy metal removal performance. The primary aims are, to consolidate available knowledge and identify knowledge gaps. It was established that an in-depth understanding of operational issues such as, diffusion of metal ions into the zeolite pore structure, pore clogging, zeolite surface coverage by particulates in stormwater as well as the effect of pH on stormwater quality in the presence of zeolites is essential for developing a zeolite-based technology for the treatment of polluted stormwater. The optimum zeolite concentration to treat typical volumes of stormwater and initial heavy metal concentrations in stormwater should also be considered as operational issues in this regard. Additionally, leaching of aluminium and sodium ions from the zeolite structure to solution were identified as key issues requiring further research in the effort to develop cost effective solutions for the removal of heavy metals from stormwater.

关键词： Zeolite Heavy Metals Stormwater Leaching Stormwater reuse

Guidelines Based Software Engineering for Developing Software Components

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2012年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Muthu Ramachandran 不详

Software guidelines have been with us in many forms within Software Engineering community such as knowledge, experiences, domain expertise, laws, software design principles, rules, design heuristics, hypothesis, experimental results, programming rules, best practices, observations, skills, algorithms have played major role in software development. This paper presents a new discipline known as Guidelines Based Software Engineering where the aim is to learn from well-known best practices and documenting newly developed and successful best practices as a knowledge based (could be part of the overall KM strategies) when developing software systems across the life cycle. Thereby it allows reuse of knowledge and experiences.

关键词： Software reuse Software Guidelines Software Design Knowledge CBSE GSE

Assessing Risk of Injection of Reclaimed Water into the Biscayne Aquifer for Aquifer Recharge Purposes

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第7期7卷 184-201页

作者： Frederick Bloetscher Daniel E. Meeroff Pollop Phonpornwithoon Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton USA Palm Beach County Water Department Boynton Beach FL USA

The recharge of non-potable water into a drinking water aquifer is one means to overcome decreasing groundwater supplies and maintain availability of these resources for current and future generations. However, health concerns exist regarding the use of waters of “impaired quality” such as reclaimed wastewater for aquifer recharge. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential risk to drinking water from the use of reclaimed water for recharge purposes using computational modeling with MODFLOW and MT3D groundwater transport simulation based on an actual situation using rotavirus as a surrogate. The results from the simulation showed that after seven months, the risk of contamination based on concentration contours from the injection well to the production wells was stabilized below 10-6.

关键词： Potable reuse Risk Rotavirus Groundwater Contamination

Suitable Site Selection of Decentralised Treatment Plants Using Multicriteria Approach in GIS

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第3期4卷 254-260页

作者： K. Deepa M. Krishnaveni Center for Water Resources Anna University

Metropolitan cities like Chennai facing rapid urbanisation. This results in informal extension of cities in peri-urban and rural areas. Once the city expands the problem arising is the water supply and sewage treatment system. In the present work an attempt is made in site suitable selection of Decentralised treatment plants (DCTP) with appropriate waste water treatment technologies using GIS techniques. Multicriteria analysis were performed by the combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Six thematic maps were considered such as population density map, landuse map, slope map, soil map, cost map and technology. Different classes were identified for each thematic maps. Using Analytical Hierarchy Principle (AHP) [1] (Saaty, 2000), a paired comparison matrix was prepared for criteria classes and individual class weights and map scores were worked out. These weights were applied in linear summation equation to obtain a unified weight map containing due weights of all input variables. Finally all the weighted maps were reclassified to arrive the best suitable site location of decentralised treatment plants.

关键词： GIS Analytical Hierarchy Process Wastewater reuse Multicriteria

Economics of Recycling and Recovery

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Natural Resources 2021年第4期12卷 73-90页

作者： Odysseas N. Kopsidas Stephanos D. V. Giakoumatos University of Piraeus School of Maritime and Industrial Studies Karaoli & Dimitriou 80 Piraeus Greece

In the below-given paper, a holistic, multidisciplinary approach of goods consumption, the economics of recycling and recovery is unfolding, concisely structured, until 2013. The analysis was focused, in brief, on some economic models addressed to environmental issues, tax policies, welfare, waste management, and specifically on recycling and reuse economic modelling. Recycle is an established practice in many countries, while reuse is still under development. reuse in many aspects is a more desirable option, as far as waste management concerns, and EU legislation seems to encourage this practice. Many industries, especially in the technology section, have developed recycle and reuse programs in order to gain an advantage, while some of them have set a target of zero waste in their production process.

关键词： Recycling reuse Consumption Environmental Zero Waste

Meta to the Rescue—Augmented Metamodels for Better Deployment of Pre-Packaged Applications

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2012年第8期5卷 583-594页

作者： Joseph Gil Elad Fein Natalia Razinkov Department of Computer Science/The Technion Haifa Israel IBM Research Haifa Israel

Recent estimates indicate that more than half the software market belongs to enterprise applications. One of the greatest challenges in these is in conducting the complex process of adaptation of pre-packaged applications, such as Oracle or SAP, to the organization needs. Although very detailed, structured and well documented methods govern this process, the consulting team implementing the method must spend much manual effort in making sure that the guidelines of the method are followed as intended by the method author. The problem is exacerbated by the diversity of skills and roles of team members, and the many sorts of communications of collaboration that methods prescribe. By enhancing the metamodel in which the methods are defined, we automatically produce a CASE tool (so to speak) for the applications of these methods. Our results are successfully employed in a number of large, ongoing projects with demonstrable, non-meager saving.

关键词： Model-Driven Software Development Information reuse Packaged Applications Method Authoring

The Effect of Using Wastewater from Stone Industry in Replacement of Fresh Water on the Properties of Concrete

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第2期10卷 276-288页

作者： Nabil Joulani Riyad Abdel-Karim Awad Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine

This research presents an attempt of using wastewater from stone slurry waste in production of concrete. Several concrete mixtures were prepared by using tap water and stone slurry wastewater at different w/c ratios and replacement ratios of wastewater in substitute of tap water. Testing of concrete samples included slump, compressive strength, flexural strength and absorption. Test results showed reduction of workability (slump) at all w/c ratios and replacement ratios. The maximum compressive strength didn’t change significantly at w/c = 0.7 and 28 days of curing compared with compressive strength at w/c = 0.5 and 0.6. From linear regression of the experimental results, the results showed that at 20% replacement ratio of tap water with wastewater, the reduction in compressive strength was insignificant (not greater than 10% to 15%). Test results showed varying reduction of absorption at different w/c and replacement ratios, up to 62% at w/c = 0.5.

关键词： reuse Stone Slurry Wastewater Concrete Cast Stones

Cluster-Based Design for Two-hop Cellular Networks

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2008年第4期1卷 370-385页

作者： Hrishikesh VENKATARAMAN Sinan SINANOVIC Harald HAAS 不详

Optimal resource allocation with an objective of maximizing the system capacity is an NP-hard problem in multihop cellular networks. Hence, different heuristic algorithms have been developed over the years that would improve the network system capacity. In this paper, a novel cluster-based architecture is proposed for a two-hop cellular network whereby the transmission distance between any communicating pair is restricted to half the cell radius. In this design, a given radio resource is used by two simultaneously communicating pairs in every hexagonal cell, but for only half the time slot period. The characteristic feature of this cluster-based design is that it enables a frequency reuse ratio of one. The proposed hierarchical system is analyzed and tested under realistic propagation conditions including lognormal shadowing. It has been observed that the system capacity of a cluster-based design is 2.5 times that obtained from the single-hop cellular system with no relaying. In addition, the cluster-based design achieves higher capacity compared to state-of-the-art two-hop algorithms. This is an important finding since the hierarchical cluster-based approach has fewer degrees of freedom in the selection of the routing path for the end-to-end connection. Practical routing algorithms should be able to benefit from this.

关键词： Cluster-Based Design Synchronized Resource reuse Interference Model Spatial Protection Margin