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Membrane-based treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater:The current state of knowledge

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第4期13卷 5-21页

作者： Tiezheng Tong Kenneth H. Carlson Cristian A. Robbins Zuoyou Zhang Xuewei Du Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Shale oil and gas exploitation not only consumes substantial amounts of freshwater but also generates large quantities of hazardous wastewater. Tremendous research efforts have been invested in developing membrane-based technologies for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. Despite their success at the laboratory scale, membrane processes have not been implemented at full scale in the oil and gas fields. In this article, we analyze the growing demands of wastewater treatment in shale oil and gas production, and then critically review the current stage of membrane technologies applied to the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. We focus on the unique niche of those technologies due to their advantages and limitations, and use mechanical vapor compression as the benchmark for comparison. We also highlight the importance of pretreatment as a key component of integrated treatment trains, in order to improve the performance of downstream membrane processes and water product quality. We emphasize the lack of sufficient efforts to scale up existing membrane technologies, and suggest that a stronger collaboration between academia and industry is of paramount importance to translate membrane technologies developed in the laboratory to the practical applications by the shale oil and gas industry.

关键词： Shale oil and gas production Wastewater treatment and reuse Membrane technology Pretreatment Academia-industry collaboration

The impact of government incentives and penalties on willingness to recycle plastic waste: An evolutionary game theory perspective

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 173-184页

作者： Zhen Wang Jiazhen Huo Yongrui Duan School of Economics and Management Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Bosch-Tongji University Chair of Global Supply Chain Management Shanghai 200092China

Because governments have introduced policies involving incentives and penalties to promote the recycling of plastic waste,it is important to understand the impact of such incentives and penalties on the willingness of stakeholders to participate.In this study,government is included as a player,alongside waste collectors and recyclers,in a tripartite evolutionary game model of plastic waste recycling.The study explores the evolutionary equilibrium and performs a simulation analysis to elucidate the effect of government incentives and penalties on the willingness of other players to participate in recycling.Three conclusions are drawn from this research.First,an increase in incentives or in penalties increases the probability that collectors and recyclers will participate in the recycling process.Second,policy support incentives encourage collectors and recyclers to participate in plastic waste recycling earlier than subsidy incentives do.Finally,recyclers are more sensitive than collectors to government-imposed penalties.

关键词： Plastic waste Recycle reuse Government incentives Government penalties Evolutionary game

Leakage Is Prohibited:Memory Protection Extensions Protected Address Space Randomization

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2019年第5期24卷 546-556页

作者： Fei Yan Kai Wang the Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University

Code reuse attacks pose a severe threat to modern applications. These attacks reuse existing code segments of vulnerable applications as attack payloads and hijack the control flow of a victim application. With high code entropy and a relatively low performance overhead, Address Space Layout Randomization(ASLR) has become the most widely explored defense against code reuse attacks. However, a single memory disclosure vulnerability is able to compromise this defense. In this paper, we present Memory Protection Extensions(MPX)-assisted Address Space Layout Randomization(M-ASLR), a novel code-space randomization scheme. M-ASLR uses several characteristics of Intel MPX to restrict code pointers in memory. We have developed a fully functioning prototype of M-ALSR, and our evaluation results show that M-ASLR:(1) offers no interference with normal operation;(2) protects against buffer overflow attacks, code reuse attacks, and other sophisticated modern attacks;and(3) adds a very low performance overhead(3.3%) to C/C++ applications.

关键词： Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) Intel Memory Protection Extensions (MPX) code reuse attack

Nanocellulose-based reusable liquid metal printed electronics fabricated by evaporation-induced transfer printing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第2期61卷 132-137页

作者： Yiru Mao Yixiang Wu Pengju Zhang Yang Yu Zhizhu He Qian Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment Department of Vehicle EngineeringCollege of EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100183China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryBeijing 100190China Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics Beijing 100190China Beijing DREAM INK Technologies Co. Ltd..Beijing 100084China

Reusable electronics have received widespread attention and are urgently needed. Here, nanocellulosebased liquid metal(NC-LM) printed circuit has been fabricated by the evaporation-induced transfer printing technology. In this way, the liquid metal pattern is embedded into the nanocellulose membrane, which is beneficial for the stability of the circuit during use. Besides, the NC-LM circuit is ultrathin with just tens of microns. In particular, the finished product is environmentally friendly because it can be completely dissolved by water, and both the liquid metal ink and the nanocellulose membrane can be easily recollected and reused, thereby reducing waste and pollution to the environment. Several examples of flexible circuits have been designed to evaluate their performance. The mechanism of evaporation-induced transfer printing technology involves the deposition, aggregation, and coverage tightly of the nanosized cellulose fibrils as the water evaporated. This study provides an economical and environmentally friendly way for the fabrication of renewable flexible electronics.

关键词： reuse Liquid metal Transfer printing Nanocellulose Flexible electronics

Graph Embedding Based API Graph Search and Recommendation

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2019年第5期34卷 993-1006页

作者： Chun-Yang Ling Yan-Zhen Zou Ze-Qi Lin Bing Xie Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of EducationBeijing 100871China School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Searching application programming interfaces (APIs) is very important for developers to reuse software projects. Existing natural language based API search mainly faces the following challenges. 1) More accurate results are required as software projects evolve to be more heterogeneous and complex. 2) The semantic relationships between APIs (e.g., inheritances between classes, and invocations between methods) need to be illustrated so that developers can better understand their usage scenarios. To deal with these issues, we propose GeAPI, a novel graph embedding based approach for API graph search and recommendation in this paper. First, we build a software project’s API graph automatically from its source code and represent each API using graph embedding methods. Second, we search the API graph with a question in natural language, and return the corresponding subgraph that is composed of relevant code elements and their associated relationships, as the best answer of the question. In experiments, we select three well-known open source projects, JodaTime, Apache Lucene and POI, as examples to perform API search tasks. The experimental results show that our approach GeAPI improves F1-score by 10% compared with the existing shortest path based API search approach, while reduces the average response time about 60 times.

关键词： application programming interface (API) recommendation API graph graph embedding software reuse

VARIABILITY MODELING TO DEVELOP FLEXIBLE SERVICE-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第2期20卷 193-216页

作者： Joonseok PARK Mikyeong MOON Keunhyuk YEOM Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pusan National University Division of Computer and Information Engineering Dongseo University

To cope with requirement changes flexibly and rapidly,the existing component-based paradigm is being evolved into a service-oriented computing paradigm.The main characteristic of the service-oriented computing paradigm is that service-oriented applications are developed as loosely coupled services that reflect business concerns.This paradigm also promotes business agility,facilitating quick reactions to business changes.Therefore,to enhance and support the benefits of the service-oriented computing paradigm,we must consider how to improve flexibility and reusability during the development of service-oriented applications.We propose the variability modeling approach to specify and control the common and distinguishing characteristics of service-oriented applications.That is,the key concepts of product-line technology can be used to make service-oriented applications more flexible and reusable.This paper describes variability modeling at two levels;the composition level and the specification level.At the composition level,we describe the variability of composition and the flow of domain services that fulfill business processes.At the specification level,we present a domain service that is an abstract service with variability.The use of our systematic variability modeling approach can greatly increase the flexibility,applicability,and reusability of service-oriented applications.

关键词： Variability software product line reuse service oriented software flexible service model

Feasibility of aluminum recovery and MgAl_2O_4 spinel synthesis from secondary aluminum dross

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第3期26卷 309-318页

作者： Yong Zhang Zhao-hui Guo Zi-yu Han Xi-yuan Xiao Chi Peng School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University

The feasibility of aluminum recovery from secondary aluminum dross by extraction with NaOH solution and the subsequent synthesis of MgAl_2O_4 spinel by sintering the extracted slag were studied. The extraction percentage of soluble aluminum from the dross reached 80% at a temperature of 353 K, liquid-to-solid ratio of 12 mL·g^(-1), stirring speed of 300 r·min^(-1), and an extraction time of 15 min; the hydrolysis percentage of AlN reached 40% with an extraction time of 30 min. The activation energies of the soluble aluminum and AlN extracted from the dross were 7.15 and 8.98 kJ·mol^(-1), respectively, indicating that their kinetics were controlled by outer diffusion without a product layer. The extracted slag was sintered in the temperature range 1373–1773 K; MgAl_2O_4 spinel with a compressive strength as high as 69.4 MPa was produced in the sample sintered at 1673 K for 3 h. This value exceeds the threshold(40 MPa) prescribed by the National Standard for the Magnesia and Magnesia-alumina Refractory Bricks of China(GB/T 2275-2007). These results establish the effectiveness of aluminum recovery from secondary aluminum dross and subsequent MgAl_2O_4 spinel synthesis.

关键词： secondary aluminum dross reuse extraction sintering magnesium aluminate spinel

Component Dependency in Object-Oriented Software

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第3期22卷 379-386页

作者：于立国 Srini Ramaswamy Computer Science and Informatics Indiana University South Bend South BendIN 46615U.S.A. Department of Computer Science University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little RockAR 72204U.S.A.

Component dependency is an important software measure. It is directly related to software understandability, maintainability, and reusability. Two important parameters in describing component dependency are the type of coupling between two components and the type of the dependent component. Depending upon the different types of coupling and the type of the dependent components, there can be different effects on component maintenance and component reuse. In this paper, we divide dependent components into three types. We then classify various component dependencies and analyze their effects on maintenance and reuse. Based on the classification, we present a dependency metric and validate it on 11 open-source Java components. Our study shows that a strong correlation exists between the measurement of the dependency of the component and the effort to reuse the component. This indicates that the classification of component dependency and the suggested metric could be further used to represent other external software quality factors.

关键词： dependency maintenance metric object-oriented software reuse

Novel perspective for urban water resource management: 5R generation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Lijie Zhou Hongwu Wang Zhiqiang Zhang Jian Zhang Hongbin Chen Xuejun Bi Xiaohu Dai Siqing Xia Lisa Alvarez-Cohen Bruce ERittmann State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China EnviroSystems Engineering and Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100083China National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control Shanghai 200092China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China Department of Civil and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-1500USA Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-5701USA

Demand for water is expanding with increases in population,particularly in urban areas in developing countries.Additionally,urban water system needs a novel perspective for upgradation with urbanization.This perspective presents a novel 5R approach for managing urban water resources:Recover(storm water),Reduce(toilet flushing water),Recycle(gray water),Resource(black water),and reuse(advanced-treated wastewater).The 5R generation incorporates the latest ideas for harvesting storm water,gray water,and black water in its several forms.This paper has briefly demonstrated each R of 5R generation for water treatment and reuse.China has the chance to upgrade its urban water systems according to 5R principles.Already,a demonstration project of 5R generation has been installed in Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition,and Dalian International Convention Center(China)has applied 5R,achieving over 70%water saving.The 5R offers promise for moving solutions for urban water scarcity from“hoped for in the future”to“realistic today”.

关键词： 5R generation Recover Reduce Recycle Resource reuse