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What a few hairs can tell us about the resource use of giant armadillos

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 129-142页

作者： Marcelo MAGIOLI Nina ATTIAS Gabriel MASSOCATO Danilo KLUYBER Marcelo Zacharias MOREIRA Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros FERRAZ Adriano Garcia CHIARELLO Arnaud L.J.DESBIEZ Instituto Pró-Carnívoros AtibaiaSão PauloBrazil Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros(CENAP) Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade(ICMBio)AtibaiaSão PauloBrazil Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres(ICAS) Campo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Organização Não GovernamentalNazaréPaulistaSão PauloBrazil Houston Zoo HoustonTexasUSA Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens NaplesFloridaUSA Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica Centro de Energia Nuclear na AgriculturaUniversidade de São PauloPiracicabaSão PauloBrazil Laboratório de Ecologia Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre(LEMaC)Departamento de Ciências FlorestaisEscola Superior de Agricultura“Luiz de Queiroz”(ESALQ)Universidade de São Paulo(USP)PiracicabaSão PauloBrazil Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de FilosofiaCiências e LetrasUniversidade de São Paulo(USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil RZSS-Royal Zoological Society of Scotland(RZSS) MurrayfieldEdinburghUK

Understanding of resource requirements of vulnerable species is key for conservation planning.Here,we used sta-ble carbon(δ13C)and nitrogen isotopes(δ15N)of hair from giant armadillos(Priodontes maximus)to understand individual resource use.We collected hair from 19 giant armadillos analyzing 34 samples from the Brazilian Pan-tanal and compared the resource use between sexes and age classes.We also assessed the relationship of isotopic values with individuals’body mass and the habitat type used.We observed a wide variation in resource use by giant armadillos,showing that individuals consume prey that feeds on distinct resources and occupies different habitat types,indicating that there is individual variation in foraging behavior.Most giant armadillos presented a mixed diet(C3/C4 resources,forests/open areas),but a quarter of individuals had strictly C4 diets(open areas).Males are more prone to forage on C4 resources,presenting an isotopic niche 2.6-times larger than that of females.Subadults presented diets more associated with habitats with high arboreal cover(C3 resources,forests),while adults foraged more in open areas(C4 resources).This result is mirrored by the positive relationship betweenδ13C values and body mass,suggesting that larger giant armadillos tend to feed more in open areas.We observed thatδ13C values decreased as individuals increased the use of habitats with high arboreal cover.We stress the importance of con-serving the natural mosaic in the Pantanal landscape for the species persistence,given that giant armadillos require all habitat types to fulﬁll their dietary,spatial,and developmental needs.

关键词： diet ontogenetic changes resource partitioning stable isotopes telemetry

Selecting the best:Interspecific and age-related diet differences among sympatric steppe passerines

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 611-622页

作者： Julia Zurdo Paula Gomez-Lopez Adrian Barrero Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa Julia Gomez-Catasús Margarita Reverter Cristian Perez-Granados Manuel B.Morales Juan Traba Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversidad Autonoma de Madrid(TEG-UAM)MadridSpain Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidady Cambio Global Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(CIBC-UAM)MadridSpain Ecology Department/IMEM“Ramon Margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Parental food provisioning is crucial for the growth and survival of offspring.Growth rate depends on food quality and food supplied to offspring may differ from what adults use for their own.In the case of steppe passerine birds,detailed characterization on nestling dietary composition,as well as prey choice and resource partitioning among species,is a pending subject.Dietary differences between nestlings and adults remain also largely unexplored.By using faecal DNA metabarcoding,we described the diet of nestlings and adults of five shrub-steppe passerine species over the 2017–2019 breeding seasons in central Spain.We also monitored arthropod availability in the field to assess dietary selection.We expected interspecific dietary differences to limit competition for food resources among sympatric species,as well as parental selection of high quality prey for nestlings.We also predicted age-related differences,with nestlings being fed nutrient-rich prey more frequently than adults.The main arthropod orders provisioned to nestlings were Orthoptera,Julida,Araneae and Lepidoptera.Nestlings of the different species showed high interspecific diet overlap,indicating both a coincidence in growth needs among bird species and no or little limitation of the most profitable resources during the breeding season.Adults of all species showed higher diet richness than nestlings,and age-related differences in prey composition were mainly driven by the selection of the most easily digestible,larger protein-and calcium-rich prey for nestlings,which may favour their rapid growth,and avoiding highly sclerotized and less nutritional prey such as ants.Our study sheds light on the basic ecology and conservation of these declining steppe birds,indicating that interspecific competition may not be a major factor during the breeding season.Given the current global decline of arthropods,further long-term research would be necessary,along with the implementation of effective conservation measures that ensure a sufficient availability of resou

关键词： 18S Faecal material Nestling diet Prey choice resource partitioning

Complementarity among species in horizontal versus vertical rooting space

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第1期1卷 33-41页

作者： Stefanie von Felten Bernhard Schmid Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Zurich8057 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Plant Sciences ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Many experiments have shown a positive effect of species richness on productivity in grassland plant communities.However,it is poorly understood how environmental conditions affect this relationship.We aimed to test whether deep soil and limiting nutrient conditions increase the complementarity effect(CE)of species richness due to enhanced potential for resource partitioning.Methods We grew monocultures and mixtures of four common grassland species in pots on shallow and deep soil,factorially combined with two nutrient levels.Soil volume was kept constant to avoid confounding soil depth and volume.Using an additive partitioning method,we separated biodiversity effects on plant productivity into components due to species complementarity and dominance.Important findings Net biodiversity and complementarity effects were consistently higher in shallow pots,which was unexpected,and at the low nutrient level.These two results suggest that although belowground partitioning of resources was important,especially under low nutrient conditions,it was not due to differences in rooting depths.We conclude that in our experiment(i)horizontal root segregation might have been more important than the partitioning of rooting depths and(ii)that the positive effects of deep soil found in other studies were due to the combination of deeper soil with larger soil volume.

关键词： biodiversity effects nutrient limitation resource partitioning root competition soil depth

Energy Optimization for Cellular-Connected Multi-UAV Mobile Edge Computing Systems with Multi-Access Schemes

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2018年第4期3卷 33-44页

作者： Meng Hua Yongming Huang Yi Wang Qingqing Wu Haibo Dai Lyuxi Yang School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsZhengzhou 450046China National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center Zhengzhou 450002China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore School of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China

In this paper,a cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)mobile edge computing system is studied where several UAVs are associated to a terrestrial base station(TBS)for computation offloading.To compute the large amount of data bits,a part of computation task is migrated to TBS and the other part is locally handled at UAVs.Our goal is to minimize the total energy consumption of all UAVs by jointly adjusting the bit allocation,power allocation,resource partitioning as well as UAV trajectory under TBS’s energy budget.For deeply comprehending the impact of multi-UAV access strategy on the system performance,four access schemes in the uplink transmission is considered,i.e.,time division multiple access,orthogonal frequency division multiple access,one-by-one access and non-orthogonal multiple access.The involved problems under different access schemes are all formulated in non-convex forms,which are difficult to be tackled optimally.To solve this class of problem,the successive convex approximation technique is employed to obtain the suboptimal solutions.The numerical results show that the proposed scheme save significant energy consumption compared with the benchmark schemes.

关键词： mobile edge computing UAV trajectory bit allocation power allocation resource partitioning energy minimization