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New insight into Ca^(2+)-permeable channel in plant immunity

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 623-631页

作者： Wei Wang Hang-Yuan Cheng Jian-Min Zhou State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory Sanya 572025China

Calcium ions(Ca^(2+)) are crucial intracellular second messengers in eukaryotic cells. Upon pathogen perception, plants generate a transient and rapid increase in cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)levels, which is subsequently decoded by Ca^(2+)sensors and effectors to activate downstream immune responses. The elevation of cytosolic Ca^(2+)is commonly attributed to Ca^(2+)influx mediated by plasma membranelocalized Ca^(2+)–permeable channels. However, the contribution of Ca^(2+)release triggered by intracellular Ca^(2+)-permeable channels in shaping Ca^(2+)signaling associated with plant immunity remains poorly understood. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the shaping of Ca^(2+)signatures upon the activation of immune receptors, with particular emphasis on the identification of intracellular immune receptors as non-canonical Ca^(2+)-permeable channels. We also discuss the involvement of Ca^(2+)release from the endoplasmic reticulum in generating Ca^(2+)signaling during plant immunity.

关键词： Ca^(2+)-permeable channels endoplasmic reticulum phosphorylation plant immunity resistosome

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Structures of plant resistosome reveal how NLR immune receptors are activated

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aBIOTECH 2020年第2期1卷 147-150页

作者： Xuetao Shi Suomeng Dong Wende Liu Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518124China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095China

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat(NLR)proteins make up the largest immune receptor family in plants.Although many studies have put effort into revealing the working mechanism of NLRs,the activation details of plant NLRs still remain obscure.Recently,two remarkable works resolved the structures of a plant NLR protein,the Arabidopsis thaliana HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE1(ZAR1),both in resting and activation states.The activated ZAR1 with its partner proteins form a wheel-like pentamer called resistosome that is thought to be able to trigger cell death by perturbing plasma membrane integrity.These findings greatly further our understanding of plant immune system.

关键词： Innate immunity NLR resistosome Cell death

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Structure, biochemical function, and signaling mechanism of plant NLRs

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Molecular Plant 2023年第1期16卷 75-95页

作者： Jizong Wang Wen Song Jijie Chai State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences Center for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne50674 CologneGermany Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research 50829 CologneGermany Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at WeifangWeifangShandong 261000China

To counter pathogen invasion,plants have evolved a large number of immune receptors,including membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)and intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs).Our knowledge about PRR and NLR signaling mechanisms has expanded significantly over the past few years.Plant NLRs form multi-protein complexes called resistosomes in response to pathogen effectors,and the signaling mediated by NLR resistosomes converges on Ca2+-permeable channels.Ca2+-permeable channels important for PRR signaling have also been identified.These findings highlight a crucial role of Ca2+in triggering plant immune signaling.In this review,we first discuss the structural and biochemical mechanisms of non-canonical NLR Ca2+channels and then summarize our knowledge about immune-related Ca2+-permeable channels and their roles in PRR and NLR signaling.We also discuss the potential role of Ca2+in the intricate interaction between PRR and NLR signaling.

关键词： plant immunity PRR NLR resistosome Ca2+-permeable channels Ca2+signaling second messenger

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Rpivnt1 provides resistance through the mediation of a light responsive guardee in potato

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aBIOTECH 2021年第4期2卷 415-418页

作者： Suvendu Mondal Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

The disease triangle describes the interrelationship among pathogen,host,and environment towards disease prevalence in the field.The mechanistic role of environment on NLR-mediated resistance was not known until now.Recently,a comprehensive work revealed that light controls late blight disease reaction in potato caused by the lrish famine pathogen.A specific R gene Rpivnt1 in potato showed dichotomous behavior in disease reaction due to the light-responsive alternate promoter selection of another host gene glycerate 3 kinase(GLYK)during its transcription.The full-length GLYK protein traps the pathogen effector AVRvnt1 into a recognition event which is later sensed by Rpivnt1 in the presence of light.In dark,the truncated GLYK protein devoid of its chloroplastic transit peptide could not able to recognize AVRvnt1 and thus resistance get compromised.A possible model for this event is proposed here for ease in understanding.

关键词： Disease resistance Guardee Pathogen effector Programmed cell death R gene resistosome

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