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Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Erosion Corrosion of the Air Cooler Tube Bundle in a Residue Hydrotreating Unit

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2022年第4期24卷 151-162页

作者： Jin Haozhe Yu Chenyang Gu Youjie Qian Guangwei Liu Xiaofei Ou Guofu Jia Yongna Institute of Flow-Induced Corrosion Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China Institute of Flow-Induced Corrosion and Intelligent Prevention and Control Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Intelligent Interconnection Department Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co.Ltd.Changzhou 213164China

Corrosion leakage occurred in the 14th tube bundle in the first row of a residual oil hydrotreating air cooler after operating for two years.The failure location was 0.5 m from the outlet header box.In this paper,the erosion corrosion of the air cooler tube bundle was investigated by experimental and numerical methods.Visual inspection,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)experiments were performed,and the failure morphology and material composition confirmed that the damage was caused by erosion corrosion.The shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model(SST-k–ω)was then used to investigate the flow and erosion corrosion characteristics,combined with mass transfer,corrosion rate,and ionization equilibrium models.The numerical simulation results revealed that the water phase volume fraction increased with flow and heat transfer in the fluid,which increased the mass flow rate and concentration of hydrogen sulfide.The mass transfer coefficient and corrosion rate were proposed as important parameters to characterize erosion corrosion.Moreover,the local concentration of wall shear stress was found to increase the risk of erosion corrosion.The predicted high-risk area was consistent with the actual failure area,which verified that this failure incident was attributable to erosion corrosion by the water phase.

关键词： erosion corrosion air cooler tube bundle(ACTB) Residue thinning hydrogen sulfide

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Effect of amendments on the leaching behavior of alkaline anions and metal ions in bauxite Residue

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第11期31卷 74-81页

作者： Tao Tian Jinaju Zhou Feng Zhu Yuzhen Ye Ying Guo William Hartley Shengguo Xue School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha 410083 China Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams University Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB UK

A column leaching experiment was used to investigate the efficacy of amendments on their ability to remove alkaline anions and metal ions from bauxite Residue leachates.Treatments included,simulated acid rain (AR),phosphogypsum + vermicompost (PVC),phosphogypsum + vermicompost + simulated acid rain (PVA),and biosolids + microorganisms (BSM) together with controls (CK).Results indicated that amendment could effectively reduce the leachate pH and EC values,neutralize OH-,CO32-,HCO3-,and water soluble alkali,and suppress arsenic (As) content.Correlation analysis revealed significant linear correlations with pH and concentrations of OH-,CO32-,HCO3-,water-soluble alkali,and metal ions.BSM treatment showed optimum results with neutralizing anions (OH-,CO32-,and HCO3-),water soluble alkali,and removal of metal ions (Al,As,B,Mo,V,and Na),which was attributed to neutralization from the generation of small molecular organic acids and organic matter during microbial metabolism.BSM treatment reduced alkaline anions and metal ions based on neutralization reactions in bauxite Residue leachate,which reduced the potential pollution effects from leachates on the soil surrounding bauxite Residue disposal areas.

关键词： Bauxite Residue leachate Amendments Alkaline anions Metal ions

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Evolution in physiochemical and cloud condensation nuclei activation properties of crop Residue burning particles during photochemical aging

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 43-53页

作者： Yan Ma Chao Chen Junfeng Wang Youling Jiang Zewen Zheng Hui Chen Jun Zheng Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Harvard-NUIST Joint Laboratory for Air Quality and Climate (JLAQC) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology NUIST Reading Academy Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

As a main form of biomass burning in agricultural countries, crop Residue burning is a significant source of atmospheric fine particles. In this study, the aging of particles emitted from the burning of four major crop Residues in China was investigated in a smog chamber.The particle size distribution, chemical composition and cloud condensation nuclei(CCN)activity were simultaneously measured. The properties of crop Residue burning particles varied substantially among different fuel types. During aging, the particle size and mass concentration increased substantially, suggesting condensational growth by formation of secondary aerosols. The particle composition was dominated by organics. Aging resulted in considerable enhancement of organics and inorganics, with enhancement ratios of 1.24–1.44 and 1.33–1.76 respectively, as well as a continuous increase in the oxidation level of organics. Elevated CCN activity was observed during aging, with the hygroscopicity parameter κ varying from 0.16 to 0.34 for fresh particles and 0.19 to 0.40 for aged particles.Based on the volume mixing rule, the hygroscopicity parameter of organic components(κorg) was derived. κorgexhibited an increasing tendency with aging, which was generally consistent with the tendency of the O:C ratio, indicating that the oxidation level was related to the hygroscopicity and CCN activity of organic aerosols from crop Residue burning. Our results indicated that photochemical aging could significantly impact the CCN activation of crop burning aerosols, not only by the production of secondary aerosols, but also by enhancing the hygroscopicity of organic components, thereby contributing to the aerosol indirect climate forcing.

关键词： Crop Residue burning Aging Cloud condensation nuclei activity Hygroscopicity Organic aerosol

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Phosphogypsum stabilization of bauxite Residue:Conversion of its alkaline characteristics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 1-10页

作者： Shengguo Xue Meng Li Jun Jiang Graeme J.Millar Chuxuan Li Xiangfeng Kong School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Institute for Future Environments Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology

Reduction of the high alkalinity of bauxite Residue is a key problem to solve to make it suitable for plant growth and comprehensive utilization. In this study, phosphogypsum, a waste product from the phosphate fertilizer industry, was used to drive the alkaline transformation of the bauxite Residue. Under optimal water washing conditions(liquid/solid ratio of 2 mL/g, 30°C, 24 hr), the impact of quantity added, reaction time and reaction mechanism during phosphogypsum application were investigated. Phosphogypsum addition effectively lowered p H levels and reduced the soluble alkalinity by 92.2%. It was found that the concentration of soluble Na and Ca ions in the supernatant increased gradually, whilst the exchangeable Na+and Ca^(2+)in solid phase changed 112 mg/kg and 259 mg/kg, respectively. Ca^(2+)became the dominant element in the solid phase(phosphogypsum addition of 2%, liquid/solid ratio of 2 mL/g, 30°C, 12 hr). X-ray diffraction data indicated that cancrinite and hydrogarnet were the primary alkaline minerals. SEM images suggested that phosphogypsum could promote the formation of stable macroaggregates, whilst the content of Ca^(2+)increased from 5.6% to 18.2% and Na reduced from 6.8% to 2.4%. Treatment with phosphogypsum could significantly promote the transformation of alkalinity cations by neutralization, precipitation and replacement reactions.This research provided a feasible method to promote soil formation of bauxite Residue by phosphogypsum amendment.

关键词： Bauxite Residue Phosphogypsum Alkaline ions Alkaline transformation Soil formation

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Synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes-FePO_4 composite from phosphate Residue and its application as effective Fenton-like catalyst for dye degradation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 188-198页

作者： Lianmei Wei Yi Zhang Shengwen Chen Luping Zhu Xiaoyu Liu Lingxue Kong Lijun Wang School of Environmental and Materials Engineering Shanghai Polytechnic University Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering Shanghai Polytechnic University Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University

Phosphate Residue is regarded as a hazardous waste, which could potentially create significant environmental and health problems if it is not properly treated and disposed of. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes-FePO_4(NCNTs-FePO_4) composite was successfully synthesized from phosphate Residue, and its application as an effective catalyst was explored. Firstly, an effective method was developed to recover FePO_4 from phosphate Residue, achieving an impressive FePO_4 mass recovery rate of 98.14%. Then, the NCNTsFePO_4 catalyst was synthesized from the recovered FePO_4 by two main reactions, including surface modification and chemical vapor deposition. Finally, the synthesized NCNTs-FePO_4 was applied to photo-degrade 15 mg/L Rhodamine B(RhB) in a Fenton-like system. The results showed that 98.9% of RhB could be degraded in 60 min, closely following the pseudofirst-order kinetics model. It was found that even after six consecutive cycles, NCNTs-FePO_4 still retained a high catalytic capacity(>50%). Moreover, ·OH radicals participating in the RhB degradation process were evidenced using quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, and a rational mechanism was proposed. It was demonstrated that the materials synthesized from hazardous phosphate Residue can be used as an effective catalyst for dye removal.

关键词： Phosphate Residue Fenton-like Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes-FePO4 Hydroxyl radical

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Changes in distribution and microstructure of bauxite Residue aggregates following amendments addition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 276-286页

作者： Shengguo Xue Yuzhen Ye Feng Zhu Qiongli Wang Jun Jiang William Hartley School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams UniversityNewport

Bauxite Residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at Residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable management of the refining industry. A laboratory incubation experiment was used to evaluate the effects of gypsum and vermicompost on stable aggregate formation of bauxite Residue. Aggregate size distribution was quantified by fractal theory, whilst Residue microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. Amendments addition increased the content of macro-aggregates(> 250 μm) and enhanced aggregate stability of bauxite Residue. Following gypsum and vermicompost addition, fractal dimension decreased from 2.84 to 2.77, which indicated a more homogeneous distribution of aggregate particles. Images from scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional microstructure demonstrated that amendments stimulate the formation of improved structure in Residue aggregates. Pore parameters including porosity, pore throat surface area, path length, and path tortuosity increased under amendment additions. Changes in aggregate size distribution and microstructure of bauxite Residue indicated that additions of gypsum and vermicompost were beneficial to physical condition of bauxite Residue which may enhance the ease of vegetation.

关键词： Bauxite Residue Fractal characteristics Aggregate microstructure Substrate amendment Soil formation

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Influence of dispersants on coal-water slurry prepared from the solid Residue of plasma pyrolysis of coal

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第2期28卷 566-570页

作者： Chao Qian Liang Zhao Xin Ge Xinzhi Chen School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

This work presents the influence of dispersants on coal-water slurry(CWS),which was prepared from the solid Residue of plasma pyrolysis of coal.The effects of dispersant type,solid concentration,dispersant content,and temperature on the rheological properties of CWS are examined.A suitable empirical model regarding the relation between viscosity and temperature is proposed.Through the sedimentation experiment of CWS,dispersants are found to significantly promote the stability of CWS.

关键词： Plasma pyrolysis of coal Solid Residue Dispersants CWS Rheology

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Bioinspired Edible Lubricant-Infused Surface with Liquid Residue Reduction Properties

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 474-485页

作者： Daheng Wang Zhiguang Guo Weimin Liu State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Hubei UniversityWuhanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Inspired by nature’s water-repellent plants,the superhydrophobic surface(SHS)and the lubricant-infused surface(LIS)possess potentials in various fields of application.In particular,the edible SHS and the edible LIS(ELIS)are suitable for the role of highvalued liquid food Residue reduction.In this study,the ELIS was introduced through a facile spray method and direct lubricant infusion.Four types of ELISs were fabricated:carnauba wax with ethyl oleate infusion,carnauba wax with cooking oil infusion,beeswax with ethyl oleate infusion,and beeswax with cooking oil infusion.The carnauba wax-coated ELIS has better slipperiness,while the beeswax-coated ELIS has better transparency.The ethyl oleate-infused ELIS possesses ELIS to SHS transformable ability,and the cooking oil-infused ELIS also possesses better slipperiness and has the affordable advantage.Moreover,the material selection of ELIS is accessible,renewable,green,recyclable,and edible.The results illustrated that ELIS has advantages of long-term effectiveness and impact resistance over edible SHS and indicated that the ELIS can be facilitated for the manufacture of a multifunctional liquid Residue reduction surface with food safety assurance.

关键词： Residue valued transparency

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Co-pyrolysis characteristics and interaction route between low-rank coals and Shenhua coal direct liquefaction Residue

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第11期27卷 2815-2824页

作者： Kai Li Xiaoxun Ma Ruiyu He Zhenni Li School of Chemical Engineering Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources Xi'an 710069China Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education(MOE)for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy Xi'an 710069China Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion Xi'an 710069China Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi Xi'an 710069China

To reasonably utilize the coal direct liquefaction Residue(DLR), contrasting research on the co-pyrolysis between different low-rank coals and DLR was investigated using a TGA coupled with an FT-IR spectrophotometer and a fixed-bed reactor. GC–MS, FTIR, and XRD were used to explore the reaction mechanisms of the various co-pyrolysis processes. Based on the TGA results, it was confirmed that the tetrahydrofuran insoluble fraction of DLR helped to catalyze the conversion reaction of lignite. Also, the addition of DLR improved the yield of tar in the fixed-bed, with altering the composition of the tar. Moreover, a kinetic analysis during the co-pyrolysis was conducted using a distributed activation energy model. The co-pyrolysis reactions showed an approximate double-Gaussian distribution.

关键词： Low-rank coal Coal direct liquefaction Residue Co-pyrolysis Kinetics

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Optimization of hydrothermal pretreatment for co-utilization of xylose and glucose of cassava anaerobic Residue for producing ethanol

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第4期27卷 920-927页

作者： Huisheng Lü Jinyi Zhou Jiatao Liu Chunliu Lü Feng Lian Yonghui Li Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China

The development of a process that could recover biofuel from industrial cellulose waste can not only reduce the negative environmental impacts by using fossil fuels, but also bring a green idea for the waste’s disposing. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment was optimized for cassava anaerobic Residue, a cellulosic waste from cassava ethanol industry, to co-utilize xylose and glucose for producing bioethanol. The effect of the main pretreatment conditions, namely, temperature, solid content and time, was explored for the highest recovery of xylose in prehydrolysate and glucose in enzymatic hydrolysate. The single factor experiment results showed that the conditions for maximum xylose recovery in prehydrolysate and glucose recovery in enzymatic hydrolysate were 60℃, 75 min, 10% solids and 160℃, 75 min, 10% solids, respectively. Whereafter, response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to further optimize the pretreatment conditions for the maximum theoretical ethanol production through utilizing both xylose and glucose. A treatment at 163℃, for 59 min and with 9.5%solids was found optimal, with the highest ethanol production of 20.2 mg·g^-1 raw material. Furthermore, in order to assess the impacts of the pretreatment on cassava anaerobic Residue, the changes in crystallinity and morphology for untreated and pretreated solids were investigated.

关键词： Waste treatment Biofuel Hydrothermal Cassava anaerobic Residue Co-utilization Response surface methodology

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