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Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project Considering the Effects of Flood Risk Reduction and resettlement

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第5期14卷 795-812页

作者： Peng Zeng Weihua Fang Haixia Zhang Zhongmin Liang Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Academy of Disaster Risk Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(ESPRE) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China

Evaluation of the economic costs and benefits of flood disaster risk management projects is crucial.However,current costbenefit analyses(CBA) often lack reliable estimates of the expected loss reduction from flood control measures and ignore quantitative assessments of resettlement.To address these limitations,this study incorporated a probabilistic risk analysis method and quantitative resettlement benefits assessment into the CBA framework,using the Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project(WIFMP) in Jiangxi Province,China,as a case study.The direct economic benefits of flood control were estimated by integrating hydrological statistics,numerical flood inundation simulation,and quantitative damage analysis with exposure and vulnerability data.Furthermore,the resettlement benefits were quantified by measuring the annual income growth of migrants based on assumptions about household employment.Our analysis shows that the total WIFMP investment is RMB 3546.1 million yuan(USD 1=RMB 6.976 yuan),including loan principal and interest of 244.4 million yuan,and operations and maintenance of 605.5 million yuan at 2020 prices.Annual project benefits are estimated at 351.3 million yuan in flood risk reduction,155.7-191.9 million yuan from increased resettlement income,and 42.7 million yuan in power and water revenues.Considering the costs and benefits across the entire project lifecycle,the internal rate of return ranges from 13.7 to 14.2%,and the net present value ranges from 31.8 to 352.6 billion yuan.Through improved benefit estimation methodology,this research enables a more reliable and holistic evaluation of costs and benefits for flood risk management projects.It provides insights for policymakers and practitioners involved in similar projects,contributing to more informed decision making and better allocation of resources in flood disaster risk management.

关键词： Cost-benefit analysis Flood management project resettlement Risk reduction

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Evaluation of eco-economic effects in relation to resettlement policy in Shulehe River Basin

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2015年第6期7卷 730-735页

作者： Li Liu Qi Feng Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In the Shulehe River Basin, policy of resettlement was very effective in handling agricultural development and livelihood problems in regions of poverty limited by topography, climate, or infrastructure. Thus, since 1996-1997, the Shulehe River Basin resettlement project transferred roughly 7.5 × 10^4 people from areas of Dingxi, Longxi or Minxian which could not offer sufficient resources for the residents. Meanwhile, construction facilities such as the reservoir, which underpins the resettlement project, also triggered an internal migration of people away from the reservoir to other parts of the Shulehe River Basin. This large scale migration derived apparent effects in water resources, land use and cover change, agricultural structure as well as landscapes. Results show that total arable land expanded by 3.1 × 10^8 m^2, cattle numbers maintained a stable level of 1×10^4, pigs declined to a low level due to market trends, and sheep numbers soared from 17.44×10^4 to 73.57×10^4. However, greening and afforestation increased while croplands maintained a rational tendency accompanying with greening area expansion. From the standpoint of integration, the Shulehe River Basin resettlement policy fulfilled its previous goals of improving the inhabitants＇ livelihood and the capacity of environment when sphtial residues including environmental capacity and resources consumption for sustainable development are still positive conditions.

关键词： Shulehe River Basin policy resettlement

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Compensation and benefit sharing: Why resettlement policies and practices must be reformed

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Water Science and Engineering 2008年第1期1卷 89-120页

作者： Michael M. Cernea Anthropology Department the George Washington University 2110 G Street NW Washington D.C. 20052 U.S.A.

Many public and private sector projects, such as hydropower dams or mines, trigger forced population displacement but fail to resettle people sustainably and instead cause their impoverishment. Social science research has found that one root cause of such failures and of impoverishment is asset dispossession and the insufficient financing of resettlement. Most governments, however, state that （1） compensation alone is sufficient for restoring the income and livelihood of those displaced, and （2） resources to supplement compensation with additional financing are not available. The author critiques and rejects these positions. He offers a theoretical analysis of the limits and flaws of compensation payments for expropriated assets, and argues that resources are available for supplementing compensation with financial investments for resettlers＇ development. The sources for supplementary financing are the economic rent （windfall profits） generated by natural resource projects such as hydropower or mining and the regular stream of benefits generated by all projects that require resettlement. Further, the author argues that financial investments in resettlers＇ welfare are indispensable and what benefit sharing is feasible. Therefore, both should become basic principles of resettlement legislation and practice. In addition to theoretical analysis, the author documents with empirical evidence that some countries （China, Brazil, Canada, Columbia and Japan） already make investments additional to compensation for post-displacement reconstruction. The author sums up his argument in these key points：（1） Compensation alone cannot prevent the impoverishment of resettlers and cannot in itself restore and improve their livelihoods; （2） Additional financing is needed for direct investments in resettlement with development; （3） Compensation levels must be increased; （4） Financing resources are available in most cases for investing in resettlers＇ development, but allocation of investments depends on the political will of gove

关键词： compensation hydropower dams displacement resettlement risks poverty impoverishment benefit sharing

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Effects of Post Eviction resettlement on Land-Use and Cover Change in Uganda’s Oil Exploration Areas

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第10期8卷 1144-1157页

作者： Joseph Ssekandi John Mburu Oliver Wasonga Laban Macopiyo Francis Charles Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of Nairobi P.O. Nairobi Kenya Department of Plant Sciences [IPV] Norwegian Univ. Life Sciences &Aring s Norway Department of Agronomy & Horticulture Plant Science Univ. Nebraska Lincoln NE USA

Evaluation of the changes in land use and land cover change (LULCC) in respect to oil exploration across the Albertine region in Uganda has been focused around the exploration areas and protected areas, with no attention to the potential impacts of evictees’ activities on resettled areas. This study used LANDSAT images to analyze the land use and land cover changes (LULCC) among the period before eviction (2002 and 2005) at the climax of eviction and resettlements (2005-2011), and during the post-resettlement period (2011-2015) to quantify the impacts of resettlements on the environment. LANDSAT images were processed using ERDAS IMAGINE software and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.1 to determine LULCC in relation to post-eviction resettlement in the study area. Results from the study indicate. The results of the study indicate that vegetation reduced by 33.08 percent, woodland were converted into settlements by 48 percent while farmlands increased by 18.3 percent. Non vegetated areas increased during resettlements however they reduced five years after eviction which indicated the ability of the ecosystem to stabilize. The study proved that post eviction induced resettlements can yield potential environmental effects to resettled areas. It is important therefore to plan and implement other means of additional source of income and construction materials for evictees to abate vegetation clearance and hence rescue the woodland. The study also recommends maintenance of an optimum population and well-planned pre eviction resettlement schemes.

关键词： Land Use Land Cover resettlement Woodlands Evictions

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A new Lease on Life by Relocation and resettlement

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China Today 2019年第7期68卷 32-34页

作者： ZHOU LIN 不详

THE Wumeng Mountains are one of the major mountain ranges of the Yungui Plateau in southwest China.Having a typical karst landform,it features bumpy roads that are hard to travel on.

关键词： Relocation resettlement Yungui Plateau

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The resettlement and Rehabilitation after 1998 Flood in China

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 2000年第1期 18-22页

作者： YANG Qinye (Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101) FANG Zhiyong (Office of China National Committee for IDNDR, Beijing 100721) SHI Peijun (Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088)

Theresettlementandrehabilitationareanimportantstageofdisastermanagementcycle.Takingthefloodof1998inChinaasanexample,Iamherebyaddressingtheissueofresettlementandrehabilitationafterdisastersothatwecouldexchangeandshareo... 详细信息

关键词： resettlement rehabilitation flood

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Nature/Culture Dichotomy in China’s Ecological resettlement Policy——Research based on Wustu Village,IMAR,PRC

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中国城市经济 2011年第8X期 312-315页

作者： Sai Han Beijing Language and Culture University Beijing 100083

Ecological resettlement,as a subsidiary policy of the Central Government’s environmental policy,is now attracting increasing domestic and international attention.The amount of immigrants involved in the policy serves as one reason to raise concerns about the issue,and its side effects (especially the loss of ethnic cultures and the dilemma of some ethnic minority herders and farmers) gave rise to multi-lateral discussions about the policy.The ecological and economic effects of the policy are the primary focus of present research,while the cultural analysis (esp.concerning the social and political forces that fostered and implemented the policy) of the State’s environmental and ecological resettlement policy is lacking.Based on my field research in Wustu village,IMAR,this paper relates the cultural basis of these policies with China’s desire to establish a harmonious society and argues that respect for minority cultures as well as local participation of immigrants are key to solving China’s environment issues.

关键词： ecological resettlement cultural analysis Mongolia

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Study on Sustainable Development of resettlement in Urbanization Process——A Case Study on the ADB-Funded Nanning Qingxiu Mountain Ecological Protection Project

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Asian Agricultural Research 2011年第10期3卷 62-66页

作者： LIANG Su-ping Guangxi University of Finance and Economics Nanning 530003China

Based on derivation of permanent income hypothesis(PIH),the conflict is analyzed between expected profitability of migrants and government policy in resettlement project.Government has provided compensation for relevant building and land losses,but farmers are still unwilling to dismantle and move.On the contrary,it results in more serious social problems.The implementation and effect of resettlement policy is analyzed with ADB-funded Nanning Qingxiu Mountain resettlement Project as an example.Finally,following suggestions are put forward for promoting sustainable development of resettlement:change ideas of resettlement to promote establishment of civil rights protection ideas;carry out early survey to protect rights and interests of owners and migrants;communicate with migrants to ensure their smooth appeal channel;and enhance coordination work with government department to ensure smooth completion of resettlement.

关键词： resettlement Compensation Sustainable development

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Rural vulnerability,migration,and relocation in mountain areas of Western China:An overview of key issues and policy interventions

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2021年第1期19卷 110-116页

作者： Yong Chen Yan Tan Andreas Gruschke School of Public Administration Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064China Department of Geography Environmentand PopulationUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide5005Australia Faculty of Social Development and Western Development Studies Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064China

Western China features a vast area of mountains and high plateaus where millions of people,including diverse ethnic minority groups,have inhabited for generations.Geographically located in the mountainous,remote,and isolated regions,rural communities are prone to natural hazards and thus become vulnerable to impoverishment.To reduce rural vulnerability,many people residing in mountainous villages opted to out-migrate from their original villages and hometowns while some took in-situ adaptation measures.A host of government-sponsored resettlement programs have been carried out to help rural villagers seek alternative livelihoods elsewhere over the past four decades.To achieve a sustainable future for rural communities in mountainous areas of western China,more effective policies and measures need to be developed and enforced.

关键词： Rural vulnerability Migration resettlement Mountainous areas Western China

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SUSPENDING VILLAGE" A MODEL OF NEW DEVELOPMENT AREA IN THE NINGXIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION OF CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 1993年第2期3卷 93-99页

作者：牛慧恩汪一鸣

The southern part of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China was infamous for its poverty and serious soil erosion caused by over population. In order to alleviate poverty and backwardness, a plan was worked out: to remove 200,000 people to the north plain by developing newly irrigated land during the period of 1983-1992. The plan has been in operation for eight and half years to date. About 200,000 people have been removed from the poor southern part to the newly developed area, and 800,000 mu (1/ 15 ha) of desert land has been cultivated. Most of the migrants have been lifted out of poverty and the people’s life in the south is being improved. During the immigration process, a model, called 'Suspending Village', has been developed. In the article, the whole process of the development and the strategies are discussed.

关键词： Suspending Village regional development population resettlement

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