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Genetic causes of oil-rich and oil-poor reservoirs: Implications from two Cenozoic basins in the eastern North China Craton

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第12期61卷 1910-1931页

作者： Chiyang LIU Lei HUANG Dongdong ZHANG Junfeng ZHAO Yu DENG Pei GUO Yijian HUANG &Jianqiang WANG State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics &Institute of Oil and Gas Basin Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China

The Bohai Bay and Hehuai(southern North China) rift basins in the eastern part of the North China Craton are southnorth-adjacent. They have shown synchronous evolutionary processes, and possess generally identical superficial and shallow structural characteristics as well as similar basin areas. However, there is a large difference in the richness of oil resources between the two basins. The Bohai Bay Basin has extremely abundant oil reserves, while commercial oil reserves have not been found in the Hehuai Basin. The deep tectonic structures, magmatic activities, and modern and paleo-geothermal fields of the two basins are significantly different. Compared with the Hehuai Basin, the Bohai Bay Basin has a thinner crust and more complex structure with multiple low-velocity layers. It is also characterized by intense magmatic activity, high modern and paleogeothermal fields, frequent seismic activity, and active deep interactions, small effective elastic thickness of the isotropic lithosphere, and shorter balanced transformation wavelength of the lithosphere with a high likelihood of local compensation. The Hehuai Basin has a simple deep structure and homogeneous crustal composition, with a high likelihood of regional compensation. The characteristics of the deep structures mentioned above are generally similar to those of the southern part of the stable Ordos Basin, except for the smaller crust thickness. This indicates the presence of differences in Mesozoic destruction between the southern and northern zones in the eastern part of the North China Craton. The northern zone was subjected to significant destruction, while the southern zone was subjected to modifications, primarily in the form of local changes in the structures and/or properties of the crust or lithospheric mantle, with the overall structure and stability of the craton kept intact. The formation of high-quality source rock is primarily influenced by the abnormal flourishment of organisms in water bodies

关键词： Genetic causes of oil-rich and oil-poor reservoirs Bohai Bay Basin Hehuai Basin Destruction of North China Craton Deep processes High-quality source rock formation

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Micropore Structure Representation of Sandstone in Petroleum reservoirs Using an Atomic Force Microscope

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第8期28卷 31-34页

作者： BAI Yong-Qiang ZHU Xing WU Jun-Zheng BAI Wen-Guang College of Electronic Science Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318 School of Physics State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871 National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100080 Daqing Oilfield Limited Company of China Daqing 163453

The pore structure of sandstone in an oil reservoir is investigated using atomic force microscopy(AFM).At nanoscale resolution,AFM images of sandstone show us the fine *** real height data of images display the three-dimensional space structure of sandstone *** three-dimensional analysis results show that the AFM images of sandstone have unique characteristics that,like fingerprints,can identify different structural properties of *** results demonstrate that AFM is an effective method used to represent original sandstone in petroleum reservoirs,and may help geologists to appreciate the sandstone in oil reservoirs fully.

关键词： sandstone structure reservoirs

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Transient pressure analysis in porous and fractured fractal reservoirs

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第9期52卷 2700-2708页

作者： KONG XiangYan LI DaoLun LU DeTang Department of Mechanics&Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

Fluid flow in porous and fractured fractal reservoirs is studied in the paper. The basic formulae of seepage velocity,permeability and porosity in both porous and fractured fractal media are developed. The pressure diffusion equation of slightly compressible fluid in fractal reservoirs is derived. The analytical solutions of the transient pressure are given for the line-source well and the well with well-bore storage and skin factor. The typical curves of pressure and the derivative of pressure are established,along with the interpretation of the well-testing method via type-curve matching. In addition,3-D pressure diffusion equations for anisotropic fractal media are given in both Cartesian coordinates and Cy-lindrical coordinates.

关键词： fluid flow porous media fractal media permeability porosity type-curves for fractal reservoirs anisotropic media

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Pre-Drilling Prediction Techniques on the High-Temperature High-Pressure Hydrocarbon reservoirs Offshore Hainan Island,China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第1期17卷 72-82页

作者： ZHANG Hanyu LIU Huaishan WU Shiguo SUN Jin YANG Chaoqun XIE Yangbing CHEN Chuanxu GAO Jinwei WANG Jiliang Laboratory of Marine Geophysics and Georesource Institute of Deep-Sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of ScienceSanya 572000China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Shenzhen 518000China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Decreasing the risks and geohazards associated with drilling engineering in high-temperature high-pressure(HTHP) geologic settings begins with the implementation of pre-drilling prediction techniques(PPTs). To improve the accuracy of geopressure prediction in HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs offshore Hainan Island, we made a comprehensive summary of current PPTs to identify existing problems and challenges by analyzing the global distribution of HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs, the research status of PPTs, and the geologic setting and its HTHP formation mechanism. Our research results indicate that the HTHP formation mechanism in the study area is caused by multiple factors, including rapid loading, diapir intrusions, hydrocarbon generation, and the thermal expansion of pore fluids. Due to this multi-factor interaction, a cloud of HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs has developed in the Ying-Qiong Basin, but only traditional PPTs have been implemented, based on the assumption of conditions that do not conform to the actual geologic environment, e.g., Bellotti's law and Eaton's law. In this paper, we focus on these issues, identify some challenges and solutions, and call for further PPT research to address the drawbacks of previous works and meet the challenges associated with the deepwater technology gap. In this way, we hope to contribute to the improved accuracy of geopressure prediction prior to drilling and provide support for future HTHP drilling offshore Hainan Island.

关键词： pre-drilling prediction techniques formation pore pressure high-temperature high-pressure hydrocarbon reservoirs Hainan Island Ying-Qiong Basin

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Finite Element Investigation of Flow Field Below Asymmetric Drill Bits for Reverse Circulation in Drilling Tight Oil and Gas reservoirs

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第10期121卷 105-122页

作者： Yi Luo Erxiu Shi Yin Feng Boyun Guo Liehui Zhang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduChina University of Louisiana at Lafayette LafayetteLAUSA.

Development of unconventional tight oil and gas reservoirs such as shale pays presents a huge challenge to the petroleum industry due to the naturally low permeability of shale formations and thus low productivity of oil and gas *** formations are also vulnerable to the contamination of the water in the drilling and completion fluids,which further reduces reservoir *** gas-drilling(drilling with gas)has been used to address the issue,several problems such as formation water influx,wellbore collapse,excessive gas volume requirement and hole cleaning in horizontal drilling,still hinder its application.A new technique called gas-lift drilling has recently been proposed to solve these problems,but the optimal design of drilling operation requires a thorough investigation of fluid flow field below the asymmetric drill bits for evaluating the fluid power needed to clean the bottom *** an investigation is conducted in this work based on the Finite Element Method(FEM)implemented in an open source computational framework,*** and flow velocity fields were computed for three designs of drill bit face characterized by radial bit blades and one eccentric orifice of *** of the designs is found superior over the other two because it generates relatively uniform flow velocities between blades and provides a balanced fluid power needed to clean all the bit teeth on each bit *** quantify the capability of borehole cleanup presented by three drill bit designs,the energy per unit volume is calculated in each region of drill bit and compared with the required value suggested by the *** addition,the developed FEM model under FEniCS framework provides engineers an accurate tool for optimizing drill bit design for efficiently gas-lift drilling unconventional tight oil and gas reservoirs.

关键词： Gas-lift drilling reverse circulation unconventional reservoirs bit design.

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Effect of trans-reservoir water supply on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition in hydrologically connected reservoirs in China

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第5期35卷 1117-1126页

作者：张华俊彭亮古滨河韩博平 Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology Jinan University Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida

Dajingshan, Fenghuangshan and Meixi reservoirs are located in Zhuhai, a coastal city in southern China, and they function to supply drinking water to Zhulaai and Macao. For effectively supplying waster, they are hydrologically connected and Dajingshan Reservoir first receives the water pumped from the fiver at Guangchang Pumping Station, and then feeds Fenghuangshan Reservoir, and the two well-connected reservoirs are mesotrophic. Meixi Reservoir is a small and oligotrophic water body and feeds Dajingshan Reservoir only in wet seasons when overflow occurs. Particulate organic matter （POM） was collected from three hydrologically connected water supply reservoirs, and seasonal variations of POM were ascertained from stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in wet and dry seasons, and the effects of pumping water and reservoir connectivity on POM variations and composition were demonstrated by the relationships of the stable isotope ratios of POM. Seasonality and similarity of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of POM varied with hydrodynamics, connectivity and trophic states of the four studied water bodies. The two well- connected reservoirs displayed more similar seasonality for δ13CPOM than those between the fiver station and the two reservoirs. However, the opposite seasonality appeared for δSNPOM between the above waters and indicates different processes affecting the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes ofPOM. δ13CPOM and δ15NPOM changed little between wet and dry seasons in Meixi Reservoir-a low productive and rain-driven system, suggesting little POM response to environmental changes in that water system. As expected, connectivity enhanced the similarity of the stable isotope ratios of POM between the water bodies.

关键词： δ13C δ15N POM pumping water reservoirs tropics

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Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1340-1353页

作者： ZHU RuKai ZOU CaiNeng ZHANG Nai WANG XueSong CHENG Rong LIU LiuHong ZHOU ChuanMin SONG LiHong Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company Luzhou 646001China

The reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin have the characteristics of low compositional maturity, low contents of cements and medium textural maturity. The general physical properties of the reservoirs are poor, with low porosity and low permeability, and there are only a few reservoirs with medium porosity and low permeability in local areas. Based on the diagenetic mineral association, a diagenetic sequence of cements is established: early calcites (or micrite siderites) →first quartz overgrowth→chlorite coatings→dissolution of feldspars and debris→chlorite linings→ second quartz overgrowth (quartz widen or filled in remain intergranular pores and solution pores)→dissolution→third quartz overgrowth (quartz filled in intergranular and intragranular solution pores)→intergrowth (ferro) calcites→dolomites→ferro (calcites) dolomites→later dissolution→veins of quartz and calcites formation. Mechanical compaction is the main factor in making the reservoirs tight in the basin, followed by the second and third quartz overgrowth. In a long-term closed system, only feld-spars and some lithic fragments are dissolved by diagenetic fluids, while intergranular cements such as quartz and calcit are not dissolved and thus have little influence on the porosity of the Xujiahe Formation. This is the third factor that may have kept the sandstones of Xujiahe Formation tight finally. The hydrocarbon was extensively generated from organic materials after the second quartz overgrowth, and selectively entered favorable reservoirs to form tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

关键词： diagenetic fluids tight reservoirs Xujiahe Formation Sichuan Basin inclusions

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Characteristics of Tight Sandstone reservoirs and Controls of Reservoir Quality: A Case Study of He 8 Sandstones in the Linxing Area, Eastern Ordos Basin, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第3期93卷 637-659页

作者： GAO Xiangdong WANG Yanbin LI Yong GUO Hui NI Xiaoming WU Xiang ZHAO Shihu College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization&Sedimentary Minerals Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina Development and Research Center of China Geological Survey Beijing 100037China School of Energy Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000HenanChina China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Limited Beijing 100015China

Determining the process of densification and tectonic evolution of tight sandstone can help to understand the distribution of reservoirs and find relatively high-permeability *** on integrated approaches of thin section,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),cathode luminescence(CL),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),N2 porosity and permeability,micro-resistivity imaging log(MIL)and three-dimensional seismic data analysis,this work discussed the reservoir characteristics of the member 8 of the Permian Xiashihezi Formation(He 8 sandstones)in the Linxing area of eastern Ordos Basin,determined the factors affecting reservoir quality,and revealed the formation mechanism of relatively high-permeability *** results show that the He 8 sandstones in the Linxing area are mainly composed of feldspathic litharenites,and are typical tight sandstones(with porosityreservoirs,reducing the primary porosity with an average value of 28%.The calcite formed in the eodiagenesis occupied intergranular pores and affected the formation of the secondary pores by preventing the later fluid intrusion,and the Fe-calcite formed in the mesodiagenetic stage densified the sandstones further by filling the residual intergranular *** clay minerals show negative effects on reservoir quality,however,the chlorite coatings protected the original porosity by preventing the overgrowth of *** dissolution of feldspars provides extensive intergranular pores which constitute the main pore type,and improves the reservoir *** tectonic movements play an important role in improving the reservoir ***

关键词： tight gas reservoir quality high-permeability reservoirs Linxing area eastern Ordos Basin

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Insights into the Origin of Natural Gas reservoirs in the Devonian System of the Marsel Block, Kazakhstan

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第5期30卷 893-907页

作者： Qianwen Li Xiongqi Pang Ling Tang Wei Li Kun Zhang Tianyu Zheng Xue Zhang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083 China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Unconventional National Gas Institute China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2TU UK

The genetic type and accumulation model of the Devonian reservoirs in the Marsel Block remain unclear, despite decades of exploration history. According to the well testing, logging interpretations and sample testing results, the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block has five typical characteristics:(1) It is obvious that the traps contain continuous gas accumulations. Not only the apexes of the structures are enriched in natural gas, but also the slopes and depressions contain gas accumulations.(2) The gas reservoirs are classified as tight reservoirs, but there are also reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in some areas.(3) The general negative or low-pressure in the gas reservoir is obvious, although the pressure in the target layers of some wells is close to normal.(4) The yields of single wells in the Devonian reservoir are quite different: some wells have low yields or are dry, whereas the gas production from high-yield wells has reached 700 000 m3/day.(5) The gas-water relationship is complicated: there is no obvious gas-water interface, but the water-producing layer is generally located at the apexes of structures. Research and analysis have shown that using the model of the conventional gas reservoirs genetic type can only explain the characteristics of parts of the gas reservoir, while the model of accumulation in a deep-basin gas reservoir cannot fully explain the distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. However, the model of accumulation in a stacked complex continuous oil and gas reservoir can reasonably explain the geological and distribution characteristics of the Devonian reservoir. Moreover, the predicted gas distribution along a cross-section of the reservoir is also in agreement with the geological background and tectonic environment of the Marsel Block, therefore, the genetic type of the Devonian natural gas reservoir in the Marsel Block is a stacked complex continuous tight-gas reservoir. Finally, by compreh

关键词： stacked complex continuous tight-gas reservoirs Devonian Kazakhstan

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LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Age, Clumped and Stable Isotope Constraints on the Origin of Middle Permian Coarse-Crystalline Dolomite reservoirs in Northwest Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第4期94卷 1312-1313页

作者： PAN Liyin SHEN Anjiang HU Anping HAO Yi ZHAO Jianxin Key Laboratory of Carbonate reservoirs China National Petroleum CorporationHangzhouZhejiang 310023China PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology HangzhouZhejiang 310023China Department of Geology University of KansasLawrenceKS 66045USA Radiogenic Isotope Facility School of Earth Sciencesthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072QLDAustralia

Objective The recent discovery of commercial natural gas accumulations in the Middle Permian coarse-crystalline dolomites in the northwest Sichuan Basin has attracted attention to the formation mechanism of these deep-burial carbonate *** to their temporal relationship to the flooded basalts that represent the end-Middle-Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province(ELIP),the Middle Permian dolomites were prev iously thought to be products of hydrothermal dolomitization related to the ELIP *** and core observations,however,show that the occurrence and distribution of these dolomites are not controlled by faults,the supposed conduits for hydrothermal ***,they are somewhat ***,the objective of this study,by employing LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,clumped isotope thermometry(047)and routine stable isotope geochemistry(C carbon,O oxygen and Sr strontium isotopes),is to re-evaluate the genesis of these dolomite reservoirs,with special attention focusing on the diagenetic environment and timing of dolomitization,and the attributes of dolomitizing fluids.

关键词： Permian Middle reservoirs

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