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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第11期17卷 948-952页

作者： W.A.FAROOQ K.G.RASOOL Walid TAWFIK A.S.ALDAWOOD Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science King Saud University Department of Plant Protection College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud University Department of Environmental Applications NILES National Institute of LaserCairo University

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the leading date producing countries. Unfortunately, this important fruit crop is under great threat from the red palm weevil （RPW）（Rhynchophorus ferrugineus）, which is a highly invasive pest. Several techniques, including visual inspection, acoustic sensors, sniffer dogs, and pheromone traps have been tried to detect the early stages of a RPW infestation; however, each method has suffered certain logistical and implementation issues. We have applied laser induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） for the early detection of RPW infestation. Through the analysis of the observed LIBS spectra of different infested and healthy samples, we have found presence of Ca, Mg, Na, C, K elements and OH, CN molecules. The spectra also reveal that with the population growth of the pest, the intensity of Mg and Ca atomic lines in LIBS spectra increases rapidly. Similar behavior is observed in the molecular lines of LIBS spectra. The obtained results indicate that the LIBS technique can be used for the early detection of RPW infestation without damaging the date palms.

关键词： laser induced breakdown red palm weevil infestation LIBS plasma

Transcriptomic study of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus embryogenesis

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 65-82页

作者： An Yin Linlin Pan Xiaowei Zhang Lei Wang Yuxin Yin Shangang Jia Wanfei Liu Chengqi Xin Kan Liu Xiaoguang Yu Gaoyuan Sun Khalid AI-hudaib Son qnian Hu Ibrahim S. AI-Mssallem Jun Yu joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR) King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy ofSciences (CAS) Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information Beijing Institute ofGenomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China plant ProtectionDepartment Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Food Sciences King Faisal University AI-Hssa HofufKingdom of Saudi Arabia

The red palm weevil （RPW）, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Coleoptera： Cur- culionidae）, is an invasive, concealed and destructive tissue borer, and it becomes a lethal pest of the palm family of plants and has been reported to attack 20 palm species around the globe. Here we report a systematic transcriptomic study on embryogenesis of RPW, where we analyze the transcriptomes across five developmental stages of RPW embryogenesis, involving four embryonic stages （El, E2, E3 and E4） and one larval stage （L1）. Using the RNA-seq and next-generation platforms, we generated 80 to 91 million reads for each library and assemble 22 532 genes that are expressed at different embryonic stages. Among the total transcripts from the five embryonic development stages, we found that 30.45 % are differentially expressed, 10.10 % show stage-specificity and even a larger fraction, 62.88 %, exhibit constitutive expression in all the stages. We also analyzes the expression dynamics of several conserved signaling pathways （such as Hedgehog, JAK-STAT, Notch, TGF-β, Ras/MAPK and Writ）, as well as key developmental genes, including those related to apoptosis, axis formation, Hox complex, neurogenesis and segmentation. The datasets provide an essential resource for gene annotation and RPW functional genomics, including studies by using tools and concepts from multiple disciplines, such as development, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics.

关键词： insect embryogenesis red palm weevil Rhynchophorusferrugineus RNAseq signaling pathways transcriptome

A large-scale gene discovery for the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）

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Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 689-702页

作者： Lei Wang Xiao-Wei Zhang Lin-Lin Pan Wan-Fei Liu Da-Peng Wang Guang-Yu Zhang Yu-Xin Yin An Yin Shan-Gang Jia Xiao-Guang Yu Gao-Yuan Sun Song-Nian Hu Ibrahim S. AI-Mssallem Jun Yu Joint Center for Genomics Research (JCGR) King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Food Sciences King Faisal University AI-Hssa Hofuf Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The red palm weevil （RPW; Rhynchophorusferrugineus） is a devastating pest of palms, prevalent in the Middle East as well as many other regions of the world. Here, we report a large-scale de novo complementary DNA （cDNA） sequencing effort that acquired ~5 million reads and assembled them into 26 765 contigs from 12 libraries made from samples of different RPW developmental stages based on the Roche/454 GS FLX platform. We annotated these contigs based on the publically available known insect genes and the Tribolium castaneum genome assembly. We find that over 80% of coding sequences （CDS） from the RPW contigs have high-identity homologs to known proteins with complete CDS. Gene expression analysis shows that the pupa and larval stages have the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively. In addition, we also identified more than 60 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 1 200 simple sequence repeat markers. This study provides the first large-scale eDNA dataset for RPW, a much-needed resource for future molecular studies.

关键词： full-length cDNA gene expression GS FLX Titanium pest red palm weevil

red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）： Economic Importance, Biology, Biogeography and Integrated Pest Management

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第1X期1卷 1-23页

作者： R. A. A. M. EI-Mergawy A. M. Al-Ajlan IRD UR 0 72 Laboratory of Evolution Genomes and Spdciation UPR 9034 CNRS 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France University Paris-Sud 11 Orsay Cedex 91405 France Department of Molecular Biology Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute Sadat City Minoufeya UniversityEgypt Department of Arid Land Agriculture College of Agriculture & Food Sciences King Faisal University P.O. Box 55009 Hofuf 31982 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The red palm weevil （RPW）, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）, （Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Rhynchophorinae）, is an invasive species that is originated from Southeast Asia. It *** Middle East and several countries of the Mediterranean Basin during the last three decades where it attacks palm trees. During the last three decades, multiple introductions of RPW to the Middle East, Europe and Caribbean （Island of Curacao, Netherland Antilles）, Lebanon and United States of America （Laguna Beach, Orange County, California）（USA） have occurred and the RPW is now a serious pest of many palm species. Duration of all life parameters varies significantly where the entire life cycle takes about 45 to 298 days. Different artificial diets were developed and were tested for mass rearing of RPW. Control of RPW is difficult due to the concealed nature of the life cycle of the pest. Integrated Pest Management （IPM） strategy has been applied successfully to deal with RPW problem. The IPM strategy consists of various preventive and curative methods; those methods were categorized in nine categories in this review. The main objective of this work was to review the existing knowledge on RPW＇s different aspects, with an ultimate aim of revealing the actual situation of the research on RPW.

关键词： red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus economic importance biology biogeography Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

In vivo Toxicity of Beta-cyfluthrin Insecticide against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第12期2卷 1322-1331页

作者： Mahmoud Massoud Abo-El-Saad Saad Abdulrahman Al-Abdan Ibrahim Abdullah Bou-Khowh Date palm Research Center of Excellence King Faisal University P.O.Box 400 Alahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia Directorate of Agriculture Mintstry of Agriculture Alahsa Saudi Arabia

The red palm weevil （RPW） Rhynchophorusferrugineus is one of the most invasive insect pests causing massive damage on date palms over the world. Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide beta-cyfluthrin has been evaluated against developmental stages of RPW under laboratory conditions. These stages were exposed to residual film of the insecticide on transparent cups using a Potter precision laboratory spray tower. Percent mortality of males and females were recorded 0.5, 2.0 and 24 h after treatment. Furthermore, date palm offshoots were infested in mesh house, two months later, offshoots treated with 300 ppm （p.g/mL） beta-eyfluthrin using two methods dipping and injection. Bioassay test showed beta-cyfluthrin at 300 ppm caused 86,7% and 93,3% mortality against males and females after 2 h respectively with LC50 135.74 and 109.4 ppm. By increasing the concentration at 400 ppm, mortality reached 100% against males and females after 24 h, Developmental stages, eggs and larvae were more sensitive toward the insecticide, where at 120 ppm no eggs hatched after 96 h and 86.7% mortality was recorded at 200 ppm against larvae after 30 rain with LC50 93.19 ppm. In addition, dipping method of date palm offshoots in 300 ppm beta-cyfluthrin was a very convenient way to control all RPW stages compared to injection method. So, it possible to recommend this method for treating the date palm offshoots in such insecticide as one of the most important elements of integrated pest management for standardizing insecticide based quarantine protocols.

关键词： Beta-cyfluthrin red palm weevil quarantine protocol dipping injection.

Impact of Mating Frequency on Fecundity, Fertility and Longevity of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）（Coleoptera： Curuclionidae）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第4期2卷 520-528页

作者： Mahmoud Mohamed Abdel-Azim Polana Sri Panduranga Vithal Vidyasagar Saleh Abdullah Aldosari Rashid Mumtaz Chair of Date palm Research College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

The reproductive behavior of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorusferrugineus Olivier was studied in laboratory with several sets of unmated females paired with unmated males for different periods. The treatments in these controlled mating experiments included single mating, multiple mating for 24 h, multiple mating weekly, multiple mating on alternate days and multiple mating uninterrupted with a control group. During the study, observations were made on the number of eggs laid, incubation period, hatching percentage, ovipositional periods and adult longevity. Though unmated females laid a large number of eggs, these were infertile. This study clearly showed significant differences in the egg-laying capacity of females exposed to different frequencies of mating. The average number of eggs laid varied from 98.9 ± 9.7 eggs in a single-time mated female to 195.8± 24.3 eggs in females allowed to mate on alternate days throughout their life. As far as the percentage of egg-hatching is concerned, there were significant differences in single and multiple mated females with 22.4 ± 3.3% hatching in one time mated females as compared to 85.2 ± 1.9% in alternate day mated females. This study also showed direct impact of female matings on the number of eggs laid and their hatching percentage. Moreover, the unmated and mated female groups showed no significant differences in oviposition and post-ovipositional period and also there was very little difference in male and female adult longevity.

关键词： Mating frequency fecundity hatchability adult longevity red palm weevil Rhynchophorusferrugineus

Quantitative Changes in Protein and Cholesterol in Haemolymph of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus after Treatment Leucokininll

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第2期3卷 140-145页

作者： Mona Mohammed Saleh A1-Dawsary College Science and Humanities Salman Bin Abdul Aziz University Al-Kharj- Kingdom Saudi Arabia

We estimated quantitative changes to the content of protein and cholesterol in the Haemolymph of adult red palm weevil after being fed on sugar cane treatment with different concentrations of LeucokininlI. In males, 0.05% has recorded significant increase in total protein, then 0.25% concentration compeer control, while the maximum high of females 4.846 mg at 0.05% compeer control. The effect of leucokininlI on content of haemolymph cholesterol has shown result that 0.05% concentration and have a clear impact on cholesterol concentration for both sexes with an average reduction of 37.989 mg in males compeer with 120.123 for control, and 57.263 in females compeer with 96.087 mg for control.

关键词： LeucokininlI red palm weevil protein cholesterol reduction.

Effect of Zinc Sulfate against the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus with Reference to Their Histological Changes on the Larval Midgut and Adult Reproductive System

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第7期2卷 888-900页

作者： Zamzam M. Al-Dhafar Aziza Sharaby Department of Biology Dammam University Dammam 31481 Eastern Province Saudi Arabia Pests & Plant Protection Department National Research Center Cairo Egypt

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorusferrugineus is the most important insect pest for the date palm trees in the Middle East and Gulf states. Zinc sulfate （ZnSOa＇H20） was toxicologically, biologically and physiologically evaluated as insect development disruptors against the RPW. LCs0 of Zinc sulfate against 10 days old larvae was 0.566%, 3% concentration inhibited the larvae from feeding. LCs0 concentration of zinc sulfate solution was capable to disrupting growth, development and reproduction of R. ferrugineus. Growth and development disruptions are resulted from larval feeding on the treated diet that causing percentage of mortality rate, retardation in larval and pupal duration, percentage of pupation, adults emergence, reduction in deposited eggs that laid by the resulting adults and in the egg fertility. The study further reveals that Zinc sulfate effects on histological structure of epithelial cells of the larval midgut including separation and elongation of their cells, rupture in the peritrophic membrane and in some microvilli and some degeneration of the surrounding muscles. Histological changes also was observed on the adults ovary, in this way, disrupt female gamete production through their action on the accumulation of yolk granules （vitellogenesis） and follicular epithelial cells. Disruption of male gamete production was detected by disorganized of testicular cysts and depopulation of these cysts in addition to degeneration in germ cells. Zinc sulfate may be used among other control methods by injection into the tree trunk or as fertilizer around the tree roots which in turn may have an indirect effect for controlling the RPW.

关键词： red palm weevil zinc sulfate inorganic salt toxicity growth disruption histological changes midgut ovary testes Rhynchophorus ferrugineus.

Preliminary Study on Geographical Variation of Cytochrome b gene and ITS2-rDNA among Populations of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2011年第2期1卷 189-197页

作者： R. A. A. M. EI-Mergawy A. M. A1 Ajlan N. Abdalla V. Vassiliou C. Capdevielle-Dulac D.C.Kontodimas J. F. Silvain M. I. Nasr IRD UR 072 Laboratoire Evolution Gdnomes et Spdciation UPR 9034 CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 France Department of Molecular Biology Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute （GEBRI） Minoufyia UniversityEl-Sadat City Minoufyia Egypt Department of Arid Land Agriculture College of Agriculture ＆ Food Sciences King Faisal University PO Box 55009 Hofuf31982 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Genetics Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University Egypt Agricultural Research Institute P. O. Box 22016 1516 Nicosia Cyprus Benaki Phytopathological Institute P. O. Box 51214 Kiffissia Greece Universite Paris-Sud 11 Orsay Cedex 91405 France

The red palm weevil （RPW）, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Olivier）, （Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Rhynchophorinae）, is an invasive species that is originated from Southeast Asia. It has invaded Middle East, several countries of the Mediterranean Basin, Caribbean （Island of Curacao, Netherland Antilles）, Lebanon and United States of America （Laguna Beach, Orange County, California） during the last three decades where it attacks palm trees. This study investigated the geographical variation among geographic populations of RPW collected from twelve invaded countries using cytochrome b （Cytb） and ITS2 partial sequences. The comparison among the Cytb sequences resulted in three different haplotypes designated as HB 1 to HB3. The three haplotypes were subdivided into two phylogenetic groups according to their geographic positions：（1） the ＂Multi-Continent＂ group containing HB 1 haplotype detected in eight populations belonging to three different Continents such as Africa-Egypt, Asia-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Turkey and Europe-Spain, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and France, and （2） the ＂Asian＂ group includes four populations from Iran （harboring HB2 haplotype）, Pakistan, UAE, and Oman （harboring HB3 haplotype）. This mitochondrial pattern of genetic diversity suggests that the tested RPW populations subdivided genetically into different sub-populations under the influence of genetic drift. According to these results we concluded that the twelve studied RPW populations are originating from different source populations in the RPW area of origin.

关键词： Cytochrome b ITS2 red palm weevil invasive species geographical variation.

Genetic Comparison among Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Four Rhynchophorus Species

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2011年第4期1卷 610-615页

作者： R. A. A. M. EI-Mergawy A. M. Al Ajlan N. Abdalla M. I. Nasr J. F. Silvain RD UR 072 Laboratory Evolution Genomes and Speciation UPR 9034 CNRS 91198 Gifsur-Yvette France Department of Molecular Biology Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research institute （GEBRI） Sadat City MinoufiaUniversity Egypt Department of Arid Land Agriculture College of Agriculture ＆ Food Sciences King Faisal University P.O. Box 55009 Hofuf31982 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Genetics Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University Egypt Universitd Paris-Sud 11 Orsay Cedex 91405 France

Genetic comparison between Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Coleoptera： Curculionidae： Rhynchophorinae） and other four Rhynchophorus spp. such as R. bilineatus, R. phoenicis, R. cruentatus and R. palmarum was investigated using partial sequences of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I （COl） mitochondrial gene. The number ofpolymorphic sites ranged from 79 to 102 while the genetic distances ranged from 0.058 to 0.095. The number of polymorphic sites, genetic distances and phylogenetic relationships among R. ferrugineus and the other four tested species revealed that *** was more closely related to R. bilineatus while it was distantly related to R. palmarum. It is possible to rank the five tested species as follows： ***, R. bilineatus, R. phoenicis, R. cruentatus and R. palmarum. The result of this study is the first step of the revision of the uncertain taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships among the Rhynchophorus genus. Further analysis should be performed using other Rhynchophorus species as well as other molecular markers.

关键词： Rhynchophorus spp. R. ferrugineus red palm weevil phylogeny.