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Influence of the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus on the growth and interspecies competition of two red tide algae

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第5期26卷 107-115页

作者： KANG Yanyu LIANG Junrong GAO Yahui LIN Rongcheng GAO Hua XING Xiaoli MA Jie LUO Qiaoqi School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Xiamen Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Product Quantity and Security Xiamen Agriculture Administration Xiamen 361009 China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen 361005 China

The growth and interspecies competition of two red tide algal species Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal and Gymnodinium sp. were studied under different concentration ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus, and the algal hatch culture experiments were conducted. The physiological and biochemical indexes were measured periodically, including the maximum comparing growth rate, relative growth rate, average double time and chlorophyll a concentration. The results showed that when the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 16： 1, the maximum comparing growth rate, relative growth rate and chlorophyll a concentration of Thalassiosira pseudonana all reached the highest,and average double time was the shortest. This implied that the optimal concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of Thalassiosira pseudonana is 16： 1. When the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 6：1, the maximum comparing growth rate, relative growth rate and the chlorophyll a concentration of Gymnodinium sp. reached the highest, and average double time was the shortest, so the optimal concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of Gymnodinium sp. is 6： 1. From the growth curves as indicated both in the cell density and the chlorophyll a concentration, it is suggested that the influence of concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus on the chlorophyll a concentration and the cell density are almost the same. Different concentration ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus had weak influence on community succession and the competition between the two algae. Gymnodinium sp. may use the phosphorus in vivo for growth, so it is important to pay attention to the concealment of phosphorus, in order to avoid the outbreak of red tide. On the basis of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus and the ratio of their concentration, the possible outbreak mechanism of red tide of the two algae was also discussed.

关键词： concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus Thalassiosira pseudo nana Gymnodinium sp. red tide

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 1998 red tide OF THE BOHAI SEA

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2002年第3期17卷 175-185页

作者： Yongsheng WU,Zhao-Yin WANG Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Algal bloom, known as red tide, has occurred frequently in the Bohai Sea in recent decades causing great economic losses to fisheries as well as having significant adverse impact on the environment. A 3-D Eco-Hydraulic model is developed to simulate the explosive propagation of diatom and dinoflagellate as a function of the concentration of various nutrients, river inflow, tide, temperature, wind, sunshine and rainfall. The model is intended to answer the questions of how the 1998 Bohai Sea red tide occurred, and to investigate how environmental factors, such as temperature, wind, rainfall, solar radiance, sea currents and nutrients, affect the algal bloom process. The parameters employed in the model are calibrated with the data collected in the periods 1982-1983 and 1992-1993. Results from the model indicate that eutrophication of the seawater is the basic condition for algal bloom, and that the 1998 red tide was triggered by the abnormal warm weather in August and September.

关键词： Algal bloom Eco-hydrodynamic model Bohai Sea red tide Eutrophication

3-D observations of a red tide event in the offshore water along the western Guangdong coast

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第1期34卷 159-161页

作者： XIE Lingling CHEN Qingxiang HU Jianyu ZHANG Shuwen YI Xiaofei CHEN Fajin DENG Rui DENG Xiaodong WANG Jing QI Yiquan Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction Technologies Guangdong Ocean University State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation School of Geography and PlanningSun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Tropic Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

From November 24 to 26, 2014, a red tide event occurred in the offshore water off the Hailing Island located at the western Guangdong coast. The red tide appeared as pink strips distributed within 3 km in the offshore water and extended for about 10 km along the shoreline. During the flood tide, the pink seawater rushed to the beach with breaking waves, forming foam strips on the beach. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction Technologies, Guangdong Ocean University, emergently responded to the event and organized three-dimensional observations from the air, onboard and on beach. The preliminary analyses of the cruise data and water samples indicate that the event was induced by non- toxic Noctiluca scintillans, of which the concentration reaches as high as 4 200 cells/L near the surface and 2600 cells/L at the bottom.

关键词： red tide Noctiluca scintillans marine pollution Hailing Island South China Sea

Ecological　features　of　phytoplankton　in　red　tide　outburst　area　in　the　Xiamen　Harbor

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1995年第1期14卷 73-83页

作者： Zhang Shuijin(Third Institute of Dceanograpby, State Oceaic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China)

The results from the 38 cruises of phytoplankton surveys in the red tide outburst area in the XiamenHarbor in 1987 indicate 41 species of red tide organisms among 110 species of phytoplankton identified. Species composition was dominant by eurytopic species and warm water species. Species diversity apparently changed with (coldand warm) seasons. There was a high diversity in warm seasons, 63 species in August. Average annual number ofphytoplankton reached 1 119 × 103 ind. /dm3 which was 2 to 2. 6 times that in 2 control monitoring stations. Thenumber of phytoplankton in horizonal distribution displayed an obvious increasing tendency from the harbour mouthto the inner harbor. The phytoplankton number always changed with time, but with 3 peak values in the year *** daily change of the phytoplankton number with tide exhibited a negative relativity. Moreover phytoplanktonspotes and their number showed a vertical movement during day and night. Futhermore, 10 predominant specieschanged with seasons was noted in the present paper.

关键词： red tide phytoplankton ecology harbor Fujian

Notes Effects of four nitrogen substrates on growth of several red tide species

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2002年第3期21卷 461-467页

作者： Yan Tian(颜天) Zhou Mingjiang(周名江) Qian Peiyuan(钱培元) Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong China

Eight common red tide species including the Dinoflagellates Alejcandrium tamarense,Prorocentrum minimum , Prorocentrum mican , Diatoms Skeletonema costatum , Cerataulina pelag-ica, Leptocylindrus minimus, a Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and a Chrysophyte Isochrysis galbana were chosen to study the effect of four nitrogen substrates (NOs ?N, NHi - N, Urea ?N, Mixed ?N) on the growth of these algae. After two transfers, the results showed that at N concentration of 550 fano\, NO; - N was the best nitrogen source among these four nitrogen substrates; Urea - N and Mixed ~ N were also good for the growth of most algae, but not as good as NQj ?N for some species; NH??N inhibited the growth of all these species except H. akashrwo. At concentrations of 280 and 50 fimol experiments on the growth of /. galbana , P. minimum and L. minimus in Nri( - N and NO; - N substrates were also performed. The results showed that the growth rates of /. galbana were not significantly different from each other in NO; - N and NH?- N substrates both concentrations of 280 and 50 fonol. In concentration of 280 (anol NHt - N substrate, the growth rates of P. minimum and L. minimus were slower than in same concentration of NO? ~~ N; At concentration of 50 (unol , the growth rate of P. minimum in NH?- N was not significantly different from that in NOj ?N, while the growth rate of L. minimus was only about 30% of that in NQ3 ~ N substrate. The results indicated that each alga had its own preference in N-substrate and concentration, therefore, different nitrogen substrates may play a role in red tide formation.

关键词： red tide nutrient N-substrate

FIVE red tide SPECIES IN GENUS PROROCENTRUM INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF PROROCENTRUM DONGHAIENSE LU SP. *** THE EAST CHINA SEA

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2001年第4期19卷 337-344页

作者：陆斗定 Jeanette Goebel Submarine Geoscience of SOA Second Institute of Oceanography Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt des Landes Schleswig-Holstein Hamburger Chaussee 25

A new planktonic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov., is described in the present paper. The water sample was collected from the Changjiang Estuary, the East China Sea. The species identification is based on shape, size, surface micro morphology, ornamentation of thecal plates and the architecture of the periflagellar area and the intercalary bands as seen by light and scanning electron microscope. Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov. is compared with other prorocentrum species with respect to morphological characteristics and bloom behavior. It is not known whether Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov produces phycotoxins like some other Prorocentrum species. Four other red tide species in the family Prorocentraceae (Dinophyceae), namely P. balticum , P. minimum, P. micans, P. triestinum , were examined and identified by light and scanning electron microscope. They have been recorded as bloom forming species. Some aggregates of Prorocentrum are observed at the end of blooms. An event of strong discoloration caused by P. donghaiense could be detected by satellite sensor in the East China Sea in the late spring of 1995.

关键词： Prorocentrum micro morphology East China Sea red tide

STUDY OF red tide PredICTION MODEL FOR THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2000年第4期18卷 350-354页

作者：王正方吕海燕张庆卢勇曾江宁周青松国家海洋局第二海洋所浙江杭州 31 0 0 1 2

This paper based on field data (on red tide water quality monitoring at the Chaggjiang River mouth and Hutoudu mariculture area in Zhejiang Province from May to August in 1995, and May to September in 1996) presents an effective model for short term prediction of red tide in the Changjiang Estuary. The measured parameters include: depth, temperature, color diaphaneity, density, DO, COD and nutrients (PO4?P, NO2?N, NO3?N, NH4?N). The model was checked by field-test data, and compared with other related models. The model: Z=SAL?3.95 DO?2.974 PH?5.421 PO4?P is suitable for application to the Shengsi aquiculture area near the Changjiang Estuary. Key words Changjiang Estuary - red tide - prediction model Project 493007 supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, and also supported by the Science and Technology Committee of Zhejiang Province (Key Project No. 618).

关键词： Changjiang Estuary red tide prediction model

red tide Frequency Analysis Using the Extreme Value Theory

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Marine Science Bulletin 2005年第2期7卷 80-85页

作者：谢中华王洪礼史道基孙景 Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin University

In recent years, the red tide erupted frequently, and caused a great economic loss. At present, most literatures emphasize the academic research on the growth mechanism of red tide alga. In order to find out the characters of red tide in detail and improve the precision of forecast, this paper gives some new approaches to dealing with the red tide. By the extreme values, we deal with the red tide frequency analysis and get the estimation of T-times red tide level U (T), which is the level once the consistence of red tide alga exceeds on the average in a period of T times.

关键词： red tide Generalized extreme values distribution Empirical distribution Kerneldensity

Study on the Characteristic Organic Compounds in red tide by Factor Analysis Method

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Marine Science Bulletin 2004年第2期6卷 74-82页

作者：赵明桥李攻科张展霞 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering SunYat-Sen University

Factor analysis is used to study the organic compounds that have high degree of correlation with biomass in algal blooming. Based on this correlation, they are named characteristic organic compounds. The compounds found are sequalene (SQU), cedrol (CED), 2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-dione, 2, 6-bis(1, 1-dimthylethyl ) (PBQ), phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethy-4-methyl) (BHT), 3-t-butyl-4- hydroxyanisole ( BHA ), 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylie acid, bis-( 2-methyl propyl ) ester (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DNBP), respectively. Monitoring the variations of concentration of these characteristic organic compounds in seawater may provide scientific basis for studying and forecasting red tides.

关键词： factor analysis red tide characteristic organic compound