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Recent advances and emerging trends in antiviral defense networking in rice

The Crop Journal 2021年第3期9卷 553-563页

作者： Lu Wang Huiting Xie Xiaoyuan Zheng Jiasheng Chen Shuai Zhang Jianguo Wu Vector-borne Virus Research Center Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina

Plants and viruses coexist in the natural ecosystem for extended periods of time,interacting with each other and even coevolving,maintaining a dynamic balance between plant disease resistance and virus pathogenicity.During virus–host interactions,plants often exhibit abnormal growth and development.However,plants do not passively withstand virus attacks but have evolved sophisticated and effective defense mechanisms to resist,limit,or undermine virus infections.It is widely believed that the initial stage of infection features the most intense interactions between the virus and the host and the greatest variety of activated signal transduction pathways.This review describes the most recent findings in rice antiviral research and discusses a variety of rice antiviral molecular mechanisms,including those based on R genes and Recessive resistance,RNA silencing,phytohormone signaling,autophagy and WUSmediated antiviral immunity.Finally,we discuss the challenges and future prospects of breeding rice for enhanced virus resistance.

关键词： Rice antivirus R gene RNA silencing Recessive resistance Hormone

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Identification of an avirulence gene,avrxa5,from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第12期53卷 1440-1449页

作者： ZOU HuaSong ZHAO WenXiang ZHANG XiFu HAN YangChun ZOU LiFang CHEN GongYou School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200240China College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University/Laboratory for Monitoring and Management for Plant Pests and DiseasesChinese Ministry of AgricultureNanjing 210095China Department of Agronomy Henan Vocation-Technical Teachers CollegeXinxiang 453003China

Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,the causal agent of bacterial blight in rice,interacts with rice plants in a gene-for-gene manner.The specificity of the interaction is dictated by avirulence(avr) genes in the pathogen and resistance(R) genes in the host.To date,no avr genes that correspond to recessive R genes have been isolated.We isolated an avrBs3/pthA family gene,avrxa5,from our previously isolated clone p58,which was originally from strain JXOIII.The avrxa5 gene converted the PXO99A strain from compatible to incompatible in rice cultivars containing the recessive xa5 gene,but not in those containing the dominant Xa5 gene.Sequencing indicated that avrxa5,which is highly similar to members of the avrBs3/pthA family,encodes a protein of 1238 amino acid residues with a conserved carboxy-terminal region containing three nuclear localization signals and a transcription activation domain.It has 19.5 34-amino-acid direct repeats,but the 13th amino acid is missing in the fifth and ninth repetitive units.Domain swapping of the repetitive regions between avrxa5 and avrXa7 changed the avirulence specificity of the genes in xa5 and Xa7 rice lines,respectively.This indicates that avrxa5 is distinct from previously characterized avrBs3/pthA members.The specificity of avrxa5 toward recessive xa5 in rice could help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen specific interactions.

关键词： rice bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae avrxa5 avirulence Recessive resistance

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