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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第8期20卷 957-963页

作者： AKIO TAKIGAWA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Maebashi Institute of Technology 460-1Kamisatory-choMaebashiGunma 371-0816Japan

To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,performing short-cut nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was operated under different control strategies for more than five months.A fixed-time control(FTC) study showed that bending-points on pH and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)profiles accurately coincided with the major biologic...

关键词： alternating activated sludge process continuous-flow real-time control nitrification

Applying real-time control to enhance the performance of nitrogen removal in CAST system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第5期17卷 736-739页

作者： WANG Shao-po PENG Yong-zhen WANG Shu-ying GAO Shou-you Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Scienee and Water Environment Recovery Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100022 China College of Municipal and Envionmental Engineering. Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150008 China

A bench-scale reactor（72 L） red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes： traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operation mode on the system performance and to develop a feasible control strategy. Results obtained from fixed-time control study indicate that the variations of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） profiles can represent dynamic characteristics of system and the cycle sequences can be controlled and optimized by the control points on the pH and ORP profiles. A control strategy was, therefore, developed and applied to real-time control mode. Compared with traditional mode, the total nitrogen（TN） removal can be increased by approximately 16% in modified mode and a mean TN removal of 92% was achieved in real-time control mode. Moreover, approximately 12.5% aeration energy was saved in real- time control mode. The result of this study shows that the performance of nitrogen removal was enhanced in modified operation mode. Moreover, the real-time control made it possible to optimize process operation and save aeration energy.

关键词： cyclic activated sludge technology biological nitrogen removal real-time control oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)

A Review of physics-based and data-driven models for real-time control of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第4期6卷 97-129页

作者： Jian Zhao Xianguo Li Chris Shum John McPhee Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada

The real-time model-based control of polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM)fuel cells requires a computationally efficient and sufficiently accurate model to predict the transient and long-term performance under various operational conditions,involving the pressure,temperature,humidity,and stoichiometry *** this article,recent progress on the development of PEM fuel cell models that can be used for real-time control is *** major operational principles of PEM fuel cells and the associated mathematical description of the transport and electrochemical phenomena are *** reduced-dimensional physics-based models(pseudo-twodimensional,one-dimensional numerical and zero dimensional analytical models)and the non-physics-based models(zero-dimensional empirical and data-driven models)have been systematically examined,and the comparison of these models has been *** is found that the current trends for the real-time control models are(i)to couple the single cell model with balance of plants to investigate the system performance,(ii)to incorporate aging effects to enable long-term performance prediction,(iii)to increase the computational speed(especially for one-dimensional numerical models),and(iv)to develop data-driven models with artificial intelligence/machine learning *** review will be beneficial for the development of physics or nonphysics based models with sufficient accuracy and computational speed to ensure the real-time control of PEM fuel cells.

关键词： Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell Physics-based model real-time control Reduced dimensionality Empirical model Data-driven model Artificial intelligence

Construction Simulation and real-time control for High Arch Dam

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2008年第4期14卷 248-253页

作者：钟登华任炳昱吴康新 School of Civil Engineering Tianjin University

A method of combining dynamic simulation with real-time control was proposed to fit the randomness and uncertainty in the high arch dam construction process. The mathematical logic model of high arch dam construction process was established. By combining dynamic construction simulation with schedule analysis, the process of construction schedule forecasting and analysis based on dynamic simulation was studied. The process of real-time schedule control was constructed and some measures for dynamic adjustment and control of construction schedule were provided. A system developed with the method is utilized in a being constructed hydroelectric project located at the Yellow River in northwest China, which can make the pouring plan of the dam in the next stage (a month, quarter or year) to guide the practical construction. The application result shows that the system provides an effective technical support for the construction and management of the dam.

关键词： high arch dam construction dynamic simulation schedule forecasting real-time control

Advanced nitrogen removal by pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with real-time control

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第4期1卷 488-492页

作者： YANG Qing PENG Yongzhen YANG Anming GUO Jianhua LI Jianfeng Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100022China School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

The feasibility of pH and oxidation reduction potential(ORP)as on-line control parameters to advance nitrogen removal in pulsed sequencing batch reactors(SBR)was *** pulsed SBR,a novel operational mode of SBR,was utilized to treat real municipal wastewater accompanied with adding ethanol as external carbon *** was observed that the bending-point(apex and knee)of pH and ORP profiles can be used to control denitrification process at a low influent C/N ratio while dpH/dt can be used to control the nitrification and denitrification process at a high influent C/N *** experimental results demon-strated that the effluent total nitrogen can be reduced to lower than 2 mg/L,and the average total nitrogen(TN)removal effici ency was higher than 98%by using real-time controll strategy.

关键词： pulsed SBR biological nitrogen removal oxidation reduction potential(ORP) pH real-time control

Feasibility Assessment of Fast Numerical Simulations for real-time Monitoring and control of PEM Fuel Cells

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2023年第1期29卷 31-45页

作者： Abbas Ghasemi Samaneh Shahgaldi Xianguo Li Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Computational models that ensure accurate and fast responses to the variations in operating conditions,such as the cell tem-perature and relative humidity(RH),are essential monitoring tools for the real-time control of proton exchange membrane(PEM)fuel *** this end,fast cell-area-averaged numerical simulations are developed and verifi ed against the present experiments under various RH *** present simulations and measurements are found to agree well based on the cell voltage(polarization curve)and power density under variable RH conditions(RH=40%,RH=70%,and RH=100%),which verifi es the model accuracy in predicting PEM fuel cell *** addition,computationally feasible reduced-order models are found to deliver a fast output dataset to evaluate the charge/heat/mass transfer phenomena as well as water production and two-phase fl ow *** fast and accurate evaluations of the overall fuel cell operation can be used to inform the real-time control systems that allow for the improved optimization of PEM fuel cell performance.

关键词： fuel cell Relative humidity real-time control Gas diff usion layer Catalyst layer

Open Architecture of Single-processor real-time Robot control System Based on Windows NT

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2003年第4期20卷 123-127页

作者：张广立付莹杨汝清 Research Institute of Robotics Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 China Research Institute of Robotics Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 Chinahis paper introduces the architecture and implementation of an industrial robot control system based on Windows NT. This robot control system which is based on a single-processor structure can run on general industrial computers. Owing to using Windows NT's real-time extension RTX the control system can achieve good realtime performance and friendly user interface in one general-purpose operating system. A three layer hierarchical architecture of control software is proposed to make the system more scalable and flexible. Furthermore a communication and configuration system is implemented to enable modules to communicate with each other which make the control system scalable and flexible.

This paper introduces the architecture and implementation of an industrial robot control system based on Windows NT. This robot control system, which is based on a single-processor structure, can run on general industrial computers. Owing to using Windows NT's real-time extension RTX, the control system can achieve good realtime performance and friendly user interface in one general-purpose operating system. A three layer hierarchical architecture of control software is proposed to make the system more scalable and flexible. Furthermore a communication and configuration system is implemented to enable modules to communicate with each other, which make the control system scalable and flexible.

关键词： robot controller open architecture controller real-time control

real-time Operation Optimization in Active Distribution Networks Based on Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 886-899页

作者： Jie Xu Hongjun Gao Renjun Wang Junyong Liu the College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduChina

The increasing integration of intermittent renewable energy sources(RESs)poses great challenges to active distribution networks(ADNs),such as frequent voltage *** paper proposes a novel ADN strategy based on multiagent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL),which harnesses the regulating function of switch state transitions for the realtime voltage regulation and loss *** deploying the calculated optimal switch topologies,the distribution network operator will dynamically adjust the distributed energy resources(DERs)to enhance the operation performance of ADNs based on the policies trained by the MADRL *** to the model-free characteristics and the generalization of deep reinforcement learning,the proposed strategy can still achieve optimization objectives even when applied to similar but unseen ***,integrating parameter sharing(PS)and prioritized experience replay(PER)mechanisms substantially improves the strategic performance and *** framework has been tested on modified IEEE 33-bus,IEEE 118-bus,and three-phase unbalanced 123-bus *** results demonstrate the significant real-time regulation capabilities of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Reconfiguration active distribution network distributed energy resource real-time control deep reinforcement learning parameter sharing scalability

Imprecise Computation Based real-time Fault Tolerant Implementation for Model Predictive control

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2006年第1期23卷 148-150页

作者：周平方谢剑英 Department of Automation Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030

Model predictive control (MPC) could not be deployed in real-time control systems for its computation time is not well defined. A real-time fault tolerant implementation algorithm based on imprecise computation is proposed for MPC, according to the solving process of quadratic programming (QP) problem. In this algorithm, system stability is guaranteed even when computation resource is not enough to finish optimization completely. By this kind of graceful degradation, the behavior of real-time control systems is still predictable and determinate. The algorithm is demonstrated by experiments on servomotor, and the simulation results show its effectiveness.

关键词： model predictive control fault tolerance imprecise computation real-time control

Online Decision-Making and control of Power System Stability Based on Super-real-time Simulation

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第1期2卷 95-103页

作者： Fang Tian Xing Zhang Zhihong Yu Weijiang Qiu Dongyu Shi Jian Qiu Min Liu Yalou Li Xiaoxin Zhou China Electric Power Research Institute(CEPRI) Beijing 100192China

During power grid cascading failure,the operating point changes frequently,resulting in a mismatch or inaccuracy of online pre-decision making emergency control *** solve this problem,an online power system stability decisionmaking and control method based on super-real-time simulation is presented in this paper.A decision-making and control system is developed in which the three main operation modes,offline pre-decision-making,online pre-decision-making,and real-time control,are all *** verify the method,ADPSS(advanced digital power system simulator)is used to simulate a digital power grid with about 20,000 *** closed-loop operation of the digital power grid and the online decisionmaking and control system are *** results show that when online pre-decision making control strategies are mismatched,aided real-time control works well and can prevent power grid stability loss.

关键词： control strategies decision-making emergency control parallel computing real-time control super-real-time trajectory sensitivity