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*** of the international reading speed texts in a Canadian sample

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 510-510页

作者： Elliott Morrice Julian Hughes Walter Wittich Aaron Johnson Department of Psychology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontréalQCCanada School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalMontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre LongueuilQCCanada

Background:The International reading speed Texts(IReST)were developed in Europe as a standardized measure to assess continuous reading in normally sighted and visually impaired *** IReST is used throughout the United States and Canada to assess reading speed;however,the normative values may not be valid in North America(NA).Additionally there are no normative values for individuals with visual *** aim of this study was to validate the IReSTs in a normally sighted English-speaking NA sample with and without a simulated reduction in visual ***:Fifty undergraduate students from Concordia University participated in this *** were systematically assigned to a counterbalanced order of testing conditions and were asked to read all 10 IReSTs *** normal and impaired vision conditions were counterbalanced such that the first set of five IReSTs were read with either the participants normal/corrected-to-normal vision or with a simulated 20/80 visual ***:Multiple two-sample dependent t-tests using a Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used to compare the IReST values(means and standard deviations)to the current sample;the results showed statistically significant differences between the current samples mean reading speed and the values provided by the *** all cases,P were equal to or less than *** difference scores ranged from 14.87 to 30.05 wpm,with 95%confidence intervals ranging from 4.82 to *** of effect size using bias corrected Hedge’s g*ranged from 0.83 to 1.32,with 95%confidence intervals ranging from 0.25 to *** two-sample dependent t-tests using a Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used to compare the mean reading speed in wpm of the normal and impaired vision conditions;the results showed statistically significant differences between the mean reading speeds of the normal vision condition and the simulated impairment conditio

关键词： International reading speed Texts(IReST) reading speed simulated impairment assessment

Effective Methods of Improving English reading speed in College

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读与写(教育教学刊) 2014年第3期11卷 3-3页

作者： Zhang Li-ping Sichuan Vocational and Technical College

At present,most of the students have difficulty in English reading,such as reading slowly,low comprehension and so *** order to improve their reading speed and reading comprehension,this paper tries to analyze the rel... 详细信息

关键词： reading speed reading comprehension English reading

Introduction of a digital near-vision reading test for normal and low vision adults:development and validation

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 497-511页

作者： Georgios Labiris Eirini-Kanella Panagiotopoulou Eleftherios Chatzimichael Maria Tzinava Asimina Mataftsi Konstantinos Delibasis Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of AlexandroupolisDragana68100 AlexandroupolisGreece Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics University of Thessaly35100LamiaGreece 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki56429ThessalonikiGreece

Background:MNREAD is an advanced near-vision acuity chart that has already been translated and validated in Greek *** that no validated Greek digital near-vision test exists,our primary objective was to develop and validate a digital near-vision reading test based on the fundamental properties of the Greek printed MNREAD(MNREAD-GR).Methods:This is a prospective,comparative study.A digital near-vision chart was developed(Democritus Digital Acuity reading Test-DDART)with text size calibration,audio recording for automatic reading timing,as well as automatic calculation of reading acuity(RA),maximum reading speed(MRS),critical print size(CPS)and reading accessibility index(ACC).Normal and low vision subjects participated in the validation process,responding to MNREAD-GR and DDART at the same day,at a 40 cm viewing *** in all parameters between the charts were compared with t-test and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs).Within 15 days,all participants responded again to DDART in a different set of sentences to assess its test-retest ***:One hundred patients(normal vision group-NVG:70 patients;low vision group-LVG:30 patients)responded to both reading ***-significant differences were detected for all parameters between DDART and MNREAD-GR except for MRS and ACC that were significantly higher in MNREAD-GR in NVG(preading test presented comparable validity and repeatability to MNREAD-GR suggesting that it can be used both in normal and low vision Greek patients.

关键词： Digital near-vision chart Critical print size reading acuity reading speed Presbyopia Low vision

Near vision examination in presbyopia patients: Do we need good homologated near vision charts?

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 222-230页

作者： Wolfgang Radner Austrian Academy of Ophthalmology Mollgasse 11A-1180 ViennaAustria

Presbyopia correction is mainly concerned with the goal of regaining an uncorrected reading *** historic reading charts do not provide a unique standard that is applicable for the analysis of clinical and scientific reading performance,new standardized reading charts have been developed,in order to provide reading performance analyses analogous to modern single-optotype distance acuity measurements:the Bailey-Lovie Word reading Chart,the Colenbrander English Continuous Text Near Vision Cards,the MNREAD Charts,and the RADNER reading *** last three are also meant to measure reading speed,thus allowing detailed analysis of the reading capabilities of the patient’s functional ***,these reading charts can be declared homologated,based on the standards that were published for reading charts by the Visual Function Committee of the International Council of Ophthalmology(ICO)in *** research studies have shown that by analyzing the reading performance with homologated reading charts,valuable insight into the reading performance of patients suffering from various diseases can be *** reading charts have also been successfully used in presbyopia *** therefore seems evident that homologated,standardized reading charts facilitate not only research concerning functional vision in many fields of ophthalmology but also international communication about near visual *** reading charts are available in almost all languages and have become a valuable tool in analyzing reading *** argue in this review that homologated reading charts are clearly a necessity for presbyopia research.

关键词： reading charts reading test reading acuity reading speed reading performance Functional vision

The Effect of Latinization on reading Time and Understanding: Greeklish in Communication and Social Media

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Social Networking 2023年第3期12卷 67-91页

作者： Evangelos Kehris George Karavasilis Vasiliki Vrana Dimitrios Kydros Department of Business Administration International Hellenic University Serres Greece Department of Economics International Hellenic University Serres Greece

The increasing prevalence of technology in society has an impact on young people’s language use and development. Greeklish is the writing of Greek texts using the Latin instead of the Greek alphabet, a practice known as Latinization, also employed for many non-latin alphabet languages. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of Greeklish on reading time. A sample of 732 young Greeks were asked about their habits when communicating through e-mail and social media with their friends and they then participated in an experiment in which they were asked to read and understand two short texts, one written in Greek and the other in Greeklish. The findings of the research show that nearly one third of the participants use Greeklish. The results of the experiment conducted reveal that understanding is not affected by the alphabet used but reading Greeklish is significantly more time consuming than reading Greek independently of the sex and the familiarity of the participants with Greeklish. The findings suggest that amending social and communication media with software utilities related to Latinization such as language identifiers and converters may reduce reading time and thus facilitate written communication among the users.

关键词： Social Media Digital Communication Latinization reading speed Text Understanding Greeklish

Talking about English reading Teaching

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海外英语 2016年第23期 97-98页

作者：刘进荣 YuanPing City Vocational School

For students, reading is an important technical ability of language learning; for teachers, reading teaching is an important technical ability of language teaching. To make students study English well, at first to teach Them English well; To teach them English well, at first to teach them English reading well, not only reading in English aloud, but also reading in English silently. So as to improve their English reading level—understanding writing symbols directly while they are reading.

关键词： reading ability reading speed read aloud read silently pronunciation and intonation

Influence of spectral distribution on accommodation-vergence and reading performance

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Annals of Eye Science 2017年第1期2卷 127-132页

作者： Shiva Ram Male Rishi Bhardwaj Chiranjib Majumder School of Medical Sciences University of HyderabadTelanganaIndia R J N School of Optometry GwaliorMadhya PradeshIndia

Background:To assess the influence of different spectral energy distribution on accommodation,vergence and reading ***:A Randomized experimental study was conducted after getting the approval of the Ethical Committee of University of *** participants with an age group of 18-21 years was integrated,out of which 50%was male and 50%was *** with emmetropia and no history of ocular pathology were included in the *** point of accommodation(NPA)&near point of convergence(NPC)was measured with the help of royal air force(RAF)ruler followed by near visual task of a readability ***:A statistically significant result was obtained when reading rate,reading speed and NPC was compared among different spectral distribution of light(Preading rate,reading speed and *** there is no noteworthy difference exist when fluorescent was compared with CFL for reading rate(P=0.530)&reading speed(P=0.595).Similarly,LED also showed no considerable difference when compared with CFL(P=0.682)and fluorescent(P=0.490)for *** NPA was assessed within the group LED showed insignificant difference with CFL(P=0.205)and fluorescent(P=0.275)similar like fluorescent and tungsten(P=0.482).Conclusions:This study concluded that reading performance(reading rate and reading speed)and NPC has a significance change if we use inappropriate lighting during visual *** will cause visual fatigue and strain after sustained near *** addition,tungsten spectral energy influences the convergence which can also show an impact on reading and near visual tasks because of its brightness and *** reading and working under this lighting can cause convergence disorders and visual fatigue.

关键词： Accommodation convergence reading rate reading speed readability spectral distribution correct word per minute(CWPM)

*** study on the actual lighting assessment method and the use of a standardized tool(LuxIQTM)

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 509-509页

作者： Rebecca Henry Walter Wittich Marie-Chantal Wanet-Defalque School of Optometry Universitéde MontréalQCCanada CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre LongueuilQCCanada CRIR/Centre de réadaptation MAB-Mackay du CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal MontréalQCCanada

Background:With the arrival of a new standardized tool and considering the multiple disadvantages of the actual method used for assesses lighting needs,the goal of the study was to compare the actual lighting assessment method used by the clinicians working in a rehabilitation center with the use of the *** reading is found to be the main difficulty mentioned by the majority of the clients at the rehabilitation centre and that past studies have shown the impact of lighting on improving reading speed and deceasing print size,the hypothesis stated that the use of the standardized tool would be statistically significantly superior than the use of the standard method on the variables on reading speed,print size,ocular fatigue,application of the recommendations and satisfaction of the length of time ***:Three clinicians proceeded to home lighting assessments for 28 participants aged from 19 to 100 years(mean=75,SD=27)old diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration or *** study evaluated and compared pre and post results between the two ***:The intervention did not have a statistically significant impact on any of the variables *** lighting assessment itself,with either the standard method or using the LuxIQ,statistically significantly decreased print size for reading(Preading print *** value the assessment but encounter various obstacles that prevent them from applying the lighting *** the positive impact of lighting,finding a solution so participants may profit from the benefits of this intervention is crucial.

关键词： Lighting LuxIQ age-related macular degeneration(AMD) reading speed print size