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Applications and functions of rare-earth ions in perovskite solar cells

Chinese Physics B 2022年第3期31卷 36-51页

作者：苍利民钱宗耀王金培陈利豹万志刚杨柯张辉陈永华 Research Center Ancai Hi-Tech Co.Ltd.Anyang 455000China Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Institute of Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211800China

The emerging perovskite solar cells have been recognized as one of the most promising new-generation photovoltaic technologies owing to their potential of high efficiency and low production cost. However, the current perovskite solar cells suffer from some obstacles such as non-radiative charge recombination, mismatched absorption, light induced degradation for the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency and operational stability towards practical application. The rare-earth elements have been recently employed to effectively overcome these drawbacks according to their unique photophysical properties. Herein, the recent progress of the application of rare-earth ions and their functions in perovskite solar cells were systematically reviewed. As it was revealed that the rare-earth ions can be coupled with both charge transport metal oxides and photosensitive perovskites to regulate the thin film formation, and the rare-earth ions are embedded either substitutionally into the crystal lattices to adjust the optoelectronic properties and phase structure, or interstitially at grain boundaries and surface for effective defect passivation. In addition, the reversible oxidation and reduction potential of rare-earth ions can prevent the reduction and oxidation of the targeted materials. Moreover, owing to the presence of numerous energetic transition orbits, the rare-earth elements can convert low-energy infrared photons or high-energy ultraviolet photons into perovskite responsive visible light, to extend spectral response range and avoid high-energy light damage. Therefore, the incorporation of rare-earth elements into the perovskite solar cells have demonstrated promising potentials to simultaneously boost the device efficiency and stability.

关键词： perovskite solar cells rare-earth ions power conversion efficiency

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rare-earth ions coordination enhanced ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform for quantitative visual analysis of antibiotic residues in real samples

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第6期34卷 278-281页

作者： Shihao Xu Lingfei Li Dan Lin Liang Yang Zhenyang Wang Changlong Jiang Institute of Solid State Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China

Levofloxacin(LVFX)as a representative drug of quinolone antibiotics is widely used in clinical,and its residues enriched in water bodies and sideline products seriously damage human health.It is imperative to develop a real-time/on-site sensing method for monitoring residual antibiotics.Here,we report a portable sensing platform by utilizing a composite fluorescent nanoprobe constructed by the cerium ions(Ce^(3+))coordination functionalized Cd Te quantum dots(QDs)for the visual and quantitative detection of LVFX residues.This fluorescent probe provides a distinct color variation from red to green,which shows a good linear relationship to LVFX residues concentrations in the range of 0-6.0μmol/L with a sensitive limit of detection(LOD)of 16.3 nmol/L.The smartphone platform with Color Analyzer App installed,which could accomplish quantified detection of LVFX in water,milk,and raw pork with a LOD of 27.9nmol/L.The facile sensing method we proposed realizes rapid visualization of antibiotics residual in the environment and provides a practical application pathway in food safety and human health.

关键词： rare-earth ions Ratiometric fluorescence probe Smartphone sensing platform Quantitative detection Levofloxacin

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Electric field manipulation enhanced by strong spin-orbit coupling: promoting rare-earth ions as qubits

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National Science Review 2020年第10期7卷 1557-1563页

作者： Zheng Liu Ye-Xin Wang Yu-Hui Fang Si-Xue Qin Zhe-Ming Wang Shang-Da Jiang Song Gao Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsBeijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Department of Physics Chongqing University Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology

Quantum information processing based on magnetic ions has potential for applications as the ions can be modified in their electronic properties and assembled by a variety of chemical methods. For these systems to achieve individual spin addressability and high energy efficiency, we exploited the electric field as a tool to manipulate the quantum behaviours of the rare-earth ion which has strong spin-orbit coupling. A Ce:YAG single crystal was employed with considerations to the dynamics and the symmetry requirements. The Stark effect of the Ce;ion was observed and measured. When demonstrated as a quantum phase gate, the electric field manipulation exhibited high efficiency which allowed up to 57 π/2 operations before decoherence with optimized field direction. It was also utilized to carry out quantum bang-bang control, as a method of dynamic decoupling, and the refined Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Our experiments highlighted rare-earth ions as potentially applicable qubits because they offer enhanced spin-electric coupling which enables high-efficiency quantum manipulation.

关键词： quantum coherent manipulation spin-orbit coupling spin-electric coupling rare-earth ions qubits

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Simulating resonance-mediated two-photon absorption enhancement in rare-earth ions by a rectangle phase modulation

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第1期27卷 329-334页

作者：齐大龙郑烨程文静姚云华邓联忠冯东海贾天卿孙真荣张诗按 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Shangqiu Normal University Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University

Improving the up-conversion luminescence efficiency crucial in several related application areas. In this work, of rare-earth ions via the multi-photon absorption process is we theoretically propose a feasible scheme to enhance the resonance-mediated two-photon absorption in Er3＋ ions by shaping the femtosecond laser field with a rectangle phase modulation. Our theoretical results show that the resonance-mediated two-photon absorption can be decomposed into the on-resonant and near-resonant parts, and the on-resonant part mainly comes from the contribution of laser central frequency components, while the near-resonant part mainly results from the excitation of low and high laser frequency components. So, the rectangle phase modulation can induce a constructive interference between the two parts by properly designing the modulation depth and width, and finally realizes the resonance-mediated two-photon absorption enhancement. More- over, our results also show that the enhancement efficiency of resonance-mediated two-photon absorption depends on the laser pulse width （or laser spectral bandwidth）, final state transition frequency, and intermediate and final state absorption bandwidths. The enhancement efficiency modulation can be attributed to the relative weight manipulation of on-resonant and near-resonant two-photon absorption in the whole excitation process. This study presents a clear physical insight for the quantum control of resonance-mediated two-photon absorption in the rare-earth ions, and there will be an important significance for improving the up-conversion luminescence efficiency of rare-earth ions.

关键词： coherent quantum control femtosecond pulse shaping two-photon absorption rare-earth ions

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Electrical switching in cadmium ferrite with different rare-earth ions(Sm^(3+), Y^(3+), and La^(3+))

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rare Metals 2015年第2期34卷 133-136页

作者： Sanjeev P.Dalawai Ashok B.Gadkari Pramod N.Vasambekar Department of Electronics Shivaji University Department of Physics Gopal Krishna Gokhale College

The cadmium ferrite and 5 % rare-earth ions（Sm^3＋, Y^3＋, and La^3＋） added Cd ferrites were synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, and scanning electron microscope（SEM） techniques. All ferrite samples under investigation exhibit current-controlled negative resistance type I–E characteristics at room temperature. The required electrical-switching field in cadmium ferrite is higher than that for 5 % Sm^3＋, Y^3＋, and La^3＋added cadmium ferrites. The5% addition of Sm^3＋, Y^3＋, and La^3＋ in cadmium ferrite is found to decrease the grain size in this ferrite. This decrement in the grain size makes the required switching field to decrease in cadmium ferrite. No aging effect for electrical switching is observed in these ferrites.

关键词： rare-earth ions Current-controlled negativeresistance type electrical switching Grain size Cd ferrite

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Simulating the resonance-mediated(1+2)-three-photon absorption enhancement in Pr3+ions by a rectangle phase modulation

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第6期31卷 285-290页

作者：程文静李媛乔红贞王蒙马绍朔舒方杰解传奇梁果 Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Microcavity and Photoelectric Intelligent Sensing School of Electronics and Electrical EngineeringShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiu 476000China Department of Ophthalmology First People’s Hospital of ShangqiuShangqiu 476000China The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics Nankai University of Ministry of Education Tianjin 300457China

Enhancing the upconversion luminescence of rare earth ions is crucial for their applications in the laser sources,fiber optic communications,color displays,biolabeling,and biomedical sensors.In this paper,we theoretically study the resonance-mediated(1+2)-three-photon absorption in Pr^(3+) ions by a rectangle phase modulation.The results show that the resonance-mediated(1+2)-three-photon absorption can be effectively enhanced by properly designing the depth and width of the rectangle phase modulation,which can be attributed to the constructive interference between on-resonant and near-resonant three-photon excitation pathways.Further,the enhancement efficiency of resonance-mediated(1+2)-threephoton absorption can be affected by the pulse width(or spectral bandwidth)of femtosecond laser field,final state transition frequency,and absorption bandwidths.This research can provide a clear physical picture for understanding and controlling the multi-photon absorption in rare-earth ions,and also can provide theoretical guidance for improving the up-conversion luminescence.

关键词： coherent quantum control femtosecond pulse shaping three-photon absorption rare-earth ions

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The luminescence enhancement of Eu^(3+) ion and SnO_2 nanocrystal co-doped sol gel SiO_2 films

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第1期21卷 511-517页

作者：张晓伟林涛徐骏徐岭陈坤基 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Electronic Science and Engineering and School of PhysicsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic MaterialsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

SnO2 nanocrystal and rare-earth Eu^3＋ ion co-doped SiO2 thin films are prepared by sol-gel and spin coating methods. The formation of tetragonal rutile structure SnO2 nanocrystals with a uniform distribution is confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the densities of the hydroxyl groups, and it is found that the emission intensity from the 5Do-TF2 transitions of the Eu^3＋ ions is enhanced by two orders of magnitude due to energy transfer from the oxygen-vacancy-related defects of the SnO2 nanocrystals to nearby Eu^3＋ ions. The influences of the amounts of Sn and the post-annealing temperatures are systematically evaluated to further understand the mechanism of energy transfer. The luminescence intensity ratio of Eu^3＋ ions from electric dipole transition and magnetic dipole transition indicate the different probable locations of Eu^3＋ ions in the sol-gel thin film, which are further discussed based on temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements.

关键词： sol- gel processes luminescence rare-earth ions nanostructured material

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Up-conversion luminescence tuning in Er^3+ -doped ceramic glass by femtosecond laser pulse at different laser powers

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第12期27卷 224-230页

作者：程文静梁果吴萍赵世华贾天卿孙真荣张诗按 School of Electronic &Electrical Engineering Shangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiu 476000China State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

The up-conversion luminescence tuning of rare-earth ions is an important research topic for understanding luminescence mechanisms and promoting related applications. In this paper, we experimentally study the up-conversion luminescence tuning of Er3+-doped ceramic glass excited by the unshaped, V-shaped and cosine-shaped femtosecond laser field with different laser powers. The results show that green and red up-conversion luminescence can be effectively tuned by varying the power or spectral phase of the femtosecond laser field. We further analyze the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism by considering different excitation processes, including single-photon absorption(SPA), two-photon absorption(TPA), excited state absorption(ESA), and energy transfer up-conversion(ETU). The relative weight of TPA in the whole excitation process can increase with the increase of the laser power, thereby enhancing the intensity ratio between green and red luminescence(I547/I656). However, the second ETU(ETU2) process can generate red luminescence and reduce the green and red luminescence intensity ratio I547/I656, while the third ESA(ESA3) process can produce green luminescence and enhance its control efficiency. Moreover, the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism is further validated by observing the up-conversion luminescence intensity, depending on the laser power and the down-conversion luminescence spectrum under the excitation of 400-nm femtosecond laser pulse. These studies can present a clear physical picture that enables us to understand the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism in rare-earth ions, and can also provide an opportunity to tune up-conversion luminescence to promote its related applications.

关键词： rare-earth ions up-conversion luminescence pulse shaping two-photon absorption

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Trapping Effects in CdSiO3：In^3＋ Long Afterglow Phosphor

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第1期23卷 204-206页

作者：邝金勇刘应亮 Department of Chemistry Jinan University Guangzhou 510632

Trapping effects in CdSiO3：In^3＋ long afterglow phosphor based on photoluminescence （PL） and thermoluminescence （TL） curves are studied. The results of TL show that two intrinsic defects associated with peaks at 346 and 418 K appear in the undoped CdSiO3 phosphor; whereas only one strong cadmium vacancy VCd^11 defect associated with peak at 348 K appears in the Cd1-xInxSiO3 phosphor due to the chemical nonequivalent substitutions of Cd^2＋ ions by In^3＋ ions. This chemical nonequivalent substitution of In^3＋ ions into the CdSiO3 host produced the highly dense cadmium vacancy VCd^11 trap level at 348 K, which resulted in the origin of the long afterglow phenomenon. The findings has enlarged the family of non-rare-earth doped long afterglow phosphors available, and offers a promising approach for searching long afterglow phosphor.

关键词： rare-earth ions LASTING PHOSPHORESCENCE LUMINESCENCE DY3+

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Effective model for rare-earth Kitaev materials and its classical Monte Carlo simulation

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第8期30卷 509-517页

作者：孙梦杰林慧航张政蔡焱桢任玮康靖籍建葶金峰王孝群俞榕张清明刘正鑫 Department of Physics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control of MOE Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceShenyang 110016China School of Physics and Astronomy Tsung-Dao Lee InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Recently,the family of rare-earth chalcohalides were proposed as candidate compounds to realize the Kitaev spin liquid(KSL)[Chin.Phys.Lett.38047502(2021)].In the present work,we firstly propose an effective spin Hamiltonian consistent with the symmetry group of the crystal structure.Then we apply classical Monte Carlo simulations to preliminarily study the model and establish a phase diagram.When approaching to the low temperature limit,several magnetic long range orders are observed,including the stripe,the zigzag,the antiferromagnetic(AFM),the ferromagnetic(FM),the incommensurate spiral(IS),the multi-Q,and the 120°ones.We further calculate the thermodynamic properties of the system,such as the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and the heat capacity.The ordering transition temperatures reflected in the two quantities agree with each other.For most interaction regions,the system is magnetically more susceptible in the ab-plane than in the c-direction.The stripe phase is special,where the susceptibility is fairly isotropic in the whole temperature region.These features provide useful information to understand the magnetic properties of related materials.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods Kitaev materials quantum spin liquids rare-earth ions DM interaction

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