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DUAL random model OF INCREASING ANNUITY

Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2001年第4期16卷 430-438页

作者： He Wenjiong Zhang YiEconomic College & Science College, Zhejiang Univ.(Xixi Campus),Hangzhou 310028. Economic College & Science College Zhejiang Univ. Hangzhou

The dual random models about the life insurance and social pension insurance have received considerable attention in the recent articles on actuarial theory and applications. This paper discusses a general kind of increasing annuity based on its force of interest accumulation function as a general random process. The dual random model of the present value of the benefits of the increasing annuity has been set, and their moments have been calculated under certain conditions.

关键词： Increasing annuity random model independent increment process.

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Unification of Multi-GNSS Bias Reference and Parameter Optimization of ISB/IFB random model

Unification of Multi-GNSS Bias Reference and Parameter Optim...

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第十一届中国卫星导航年会

作者： Longping Zhang Junyi Xu Hanzhang Yu Xiancai Tian Deqiang Han Beijing PIESAT Information Technology Company Beijing Satellite Navigation Center

When multi-GNSS system data fusion is performed, differences in signal structure and transmitting frequency between different systems can seriously affect the precision orbit determination or position

关键词： Bias reference ISB IFB random model virtual observation value

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Performance analysis of real-time precise point positioning based on PPP-B2b signal

Performance analysis of real-time precise point positioning ...

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第十三届中国卫星导航年会

作者： Zhihao Yu Guofu Pan Xiang Zuo Yihao Tang Guangzhou Hi-target Navigation Tech Co.Ltd.

China’s Beidou global navigation satellite system（BDS-3） can provide real-time precise point positioning（PPP） service for users in China and surrounding areas with PPP-B2 b signal. In order to evaluate the service performance, most of the existing studies store real-time PPP-B2 b messages and then recover them to precise satellite orbits and clock offsets, but do not consider the receiving delay in a real-time scene. Therefore, this paper restores the precise product of the corresponding observation epoch in real time. The delay characteristics of PPP-B2 b corrections and its impact on PPP positioning are analyzed in detail, and a random model compensation scheme based on delay is proposed. Results show that the orbit recovered accuracy is better than 7.5, 34.2 and 37.2 cm in directions of radial（R）, along（A） and cross（C） for MEO（Medium Earth Orbit） satellites, and the standard deviation value of the clock offset errors is better than 7.3 cm. The clock offset whose delay exceeds the official validity period accounts for more than 17%, which can easily lead to point hopping in the positioning results. The random model optimization scheme in this paper can effectively solve the point hopping problem. In terms of static posi-tioning performance, the horizontal accuracy of BDS and BDS/GPS combination is better than 2 cm, the vertical accuracy is better than 4 cm, and the convergence time of dual systems is less than 11 minutes. In terms of dynamic positioning performance, the horizontal and vertical accuracy of BDS are better than 23 and 26 cm respectively, and the convergence time is about 60 min;The above indexes of dual-systems are 17 cm, 20 cm and 17 min respectively.

关键词： PPP-B2b precise point positioning time delay random model

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A Mixed model Analysis of a Fertilizer Experiment on Oil Palm in Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 521-530页

作者： Edwin A. Iguodala Eghwerido Joseph Thomas Austin Edokpayi Obilade Titilola Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City Nigeria Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Department of Mathematics Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Mixed model analysis procedure was used to analyze the effect of fertilizer application on the Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yield of oil palm. This was with a view to achieve the most appropriate and a robust model for analyzing yield response for fertilizer application in oil palm. In this study, a mixed model analysis procedure was used to analyze yield data obtained from a fertilizer trial conducted between 1997 and 2005. In mixed effect model, replicates and years were used as block. In contrast the fixed effect ANOVA model usually lumped up replicates and years as a random error. In the model replicates were used as block with no block interaction, replicates as block with allowance for block-fertilizer interaction, years as block with allowance for block-fertilizer interaction, and years and replicates as block with allowance for year fertilizer and replicate-fertilizer interaction. Mixed model theory was also used to provide the explicit description of the design matrices in the models. Also, hypotheses relevant to each model were formulated and used to test for specific effects in the models such as, fixed part, random part and interacting parts using appropriate error terms as determined by the derived Expected Mean Squares (EMS). The results revealed that at 5% significant level (p

关键词： Fixed model random model Mixed model Oil Palm Fertilizer Trial

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