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Mycosphaerella areola—The Teleomorph of ramularia areola of Cotton in Brazil, and Its Epidemiological Significance

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第10期7卷 1415-1422页

作者： Yeshwant R. Mehta Rafael Galbieri Mariana S. Marangoni Leandro Camargo Borsato Heloisa Poliselo Rodrigues Jéssica Pereira Angela Mehta A Instituto Agronomico do Paraná—IAPAR Londrina Brazil Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodao (IMA) Primavera do Leste—MT Tropical Agriculture—FAMEVZ/UFMT Cuiabá Brazil Embrapa Cenargen Brasilia Brazil

While ramularia leaf blight of cotton caused by ramularia areola is of top most importance for Brazil, information is lacking regarding the survival mechanism of this pathogen during the cotton-free period. The teleomorph of R. areola is expected to belong to the genus Mycosphaerella. In the present study attempts were made to verify occurrence of this teleomorph in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Decaying cotton leaves were collected two months after harvest of 2014 from 44 commercial and experimental fields where aerial fungicidal applications were made or not during the crop cycle to control the ramularia leaf blight. Examination of the decaying cotton leaves revealed presence of abundant sclerotia, spermagonia and ascoma of Mycosphaerella sp. intermingled with each other during the cotton-free period in most of the leaf samples. Mono-ascospore isolations were obtained from the ascoma and considering their cultural, morphological, pathological and DNA sequence analysis they were identified as Mycosphaerella areola. M. areola and R. areola isolates produced similar symptoms under glasshouse inoculations. Reisolation of the pathogen from the symptoms produced by M. areola isolates yielded R. areola. Some cotton leaves showing such symptoms were kept on the soil surface on plastic trays for two months under natural field condition. After this period the decaying leaves showed abundant perithecia identical to their original M. areola. ITS rDNA sequence analyses revealed identical sequences from M. areola and R. areola isolates. Occurrence and the viability of the perfect stage M. areola during the cotton-free period on the left-over stubble from one season to another were interpreted as the survival mechanism of the pathogen and were considered responsible for the ramularia blight epidemics in the State of Mato Grosso. Disease management practices for the State of Mato Grosso are discussed. This is the first report about the occurrence of the M. areola in Brazil.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum ramularia leaf blight Sexual Morph ITS rDNA Sequence Analysis

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Spore Types and Spore Production of ramularia areola for Screening Cotton Germplasm for Resistance

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第15期5卷 2413-2417页

作者： Jessica Volponi Janaina N.Matos Larissa Girotto Mariana S.Marangoni Rafael Galbieri Yeshwant R.Mehta Instituto Agronomico do Parana(IAPAR) LondrinaBrazil Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodao(IMA) Primavera do LesteBrazil

Spore production oframularia areolahas always been a difficult task. Brazilian isolates ofR. areolaproduce spores of variable size and shape. The typical spores are 3 septate, rarely 4 and 5 septate, together with abundant single celled oblong to round bodies—a phenomenon not reported earlier forR. areola. Budding of spores is a continuous process as observed in our isolates. By repeated culturing the pathogen either ceases to produce typical spores or loses its pathogenic character. To solve this problem, a technique was developed to produce large quantity of typical spores under laboratory conditions. Sporulating cultures produced on Petri plates containing V8 juice-agar were kept on the laboratory bench till they became dry and then stored at 5°C for reisolation and/or for production of fresh inoculum. In such dried cultures spores remain viable for a period of over 12 months, and hence isolates ofR. areolaoriginatedfrom different geographic regions can be maintained in sporulating form. Results of the present investigation would aid cotton breeders and pathologists in screening germplasm resistant toramulariaand in other genetical studies under glasshouse conditions.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum ramularia leaf blight Techniques Fruiting Bodies

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