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Participatory Assessment of the Potential of Traditional Lowland rainfed Rice Varieties in Lower Casamance

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1412-1426页

作者： Milienne Mendy Ousmane Ndiaye Bathé Diop Djibril Sarr Mohamed Mahamoud Charahabil Paul Diedhiou Saliou Ndiaye Cheikh Tidiane Ba Departement of Agroforestry University Assane Seck of Ziguinchor (UASZ) Ziguinchor Senegal National High School of Agriculture (ENSA) UIDT Thies Senegal National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) of Bambey ISRA Bambey Senegal Departement of Sociology University Assane Seck of Ziguinchor (UASZ) Ziguinchor Senegal

Casamance was perceived as an agricultural granary that had rice potential which could meet the high food demand of Senegal. Given that the rice-growing lands have been degraded due to pedoclimatic variabilities, improved modern varieties are not usually well adapted to the Casamance rice-growing ecosystems. This work aims to contribute to the increase of rice production through varietal diversification and enhancement of cultural heritage. A participatory evaluation of five local farmers’ traditional varieties along with one check was carried out in an experiment laid out in a one-factor complete randomized block design using the six accessions with five replications. ANOVA followed by a 5% mean comparison Tukey test and the Kendall Rate were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics software. The result showed very significant varietal differences for leaf blade of the penultimate leaves, 100-grains weight, panicle length, growth cycle, plant height, ramification of secondary branching of the spikelets, resistance to lodging and threshing facility (p ≤ 0.005). However, traits including flag leaf, tiller numbers, sterile tillers number, panicle numbers, panicle yield, and grain yield did not show a significant difference (p ≥ 0.06) among varieties. Thus, based on some of these characteristics, farmers selected their most preferred rice varieties or accessions. The most important characteristics were tillering ability, lodging resistance and fertility rate. Koussik Emandiouck selected by farmers as the best variety, had a high grain yield (4.9 t∙ha-1), higher lodging resistance (9), and higher fertility rate (80.53%). Koussik Emandiouck, Koufekeny and Awandiaho varieties were the most preferred by farmers.

关键词： Rice rainfed Evaluation Accession Indland Valleys Senegal

APPLICATION OF FUZZY FLEXIBLE CLASSIFICATION IN rainfed AGRICULTURAL DEMARCATION

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干旱区资源与环境 1993年第Z1期7卷 384-386页

作者： Wang Lianxi Ningxia Meteorological Observatory

The paper, by the flexible classification in fuzzy mathematics, uses precipitation, meantemperature, sunshine duration, dry index (namely evaporation to precipitation in the corre-sponding period) and cumulative temperature≥10°C between March to September asclassifying indices, and classifies the whole region of Ningxia. We have obtained resultswhich are basically in accordance with the previous divisions, but has some differences.

关键词： Fuzzy Flexible Classification rainfed Agriculture Drought Index

Productivity and Water-Use Efficiency of Sorghum in rainfed Regime in the Semi-Arid Region of Brazil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 2133-2148页

作者： Erialdo de Oliveira Feitosa Antonio Flávio Batista Araújo Calorine Maria Bayma Oliveira Fernando Bezerra Lopes Eunice Maia de Andrade Department Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Ceará Campus of Pici Fortaleza Brazil

Sorghum has become ever more prominent on the global energy scene, with studies in the area becoming extremely important. Agricultural production in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast is intrinsically dependent on rainfall in the region. However, on both inter- and intra-annual scales, the rainfall regime is quite irregular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity of sorghum grown under a rainfed regime, and the water-use efficiency of crops in the semi-arid region of the northeast of Brazil. The work was carried out in the city of Tabuleiro do Norte in the semi-arid region of the State of Ceará. Mean productivity of the sorghum was 919.42 kg·ha-1, with maximum values being recorded for lot 02 (1032 kg·ha-1), lot 03 (1102 kg·ha-1), lot 04 (2143 kg·ha-1) and lot 12 (1367 kg·ha-1). The greatest value for water-use efficiency, 1.13 m3·kg-1, was found for lot 04, while the smallest value, 4.83 m3·kg-1 was seen in lot 02. It was found that the low productivity of sorghum in a rainfed regime shows that the lack of success in production systems in semi-arid regions is not due to the total amount of rainfall, but rather the spatial and temporal distribution of the rains, as well as the occurrence of hot, dry spells. Furthermore, it can be seen that the best ratio of grain production to water demand shows a strong correlation with the distribution of water throughout the cycle, and not only with the total volume.

关键词： Production rainfed Agriculture Sorghum bicolor L.

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in rainfed Farming Systems: A Modeling Framework for Scaling-Out Climate Smart Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa

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American Journal of Climate Change 2015年第4期4卷 313-329页

作者： Berhanu F. Alemaw Timothy Simalenga Department of Geology University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Centre for Coordination of Agricultural Research & Development in Southern Africa (CCARDESA) Gaborone Botswana

Improving agricultural water productivity, under rainfed or irrigated conditions, holds significant scope for addressing climate change vulnerability. It also offers adaptation capacity needs as well as water and food security in the southern African region. In this study, evidence for climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in rainfed agricultural systems is explored through modeling predictions of crop yield, soil moisture and excess water for potential harvesting. The study specifically presents the results of climate change impacts under rainfed conditions for maize, sorghum and sunflower using soil-water-crop model simulations, integrated based on daily inputs of rainfall and evapotranspiration disaggregated from GCM scenarios. The research targets a vast farming region dominated by heavy clay soils where rainfed agriculture is a dominant practice. The potential for improving soil water productivity and improved water harvesting have been explored as ways of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. This can be utilized to explore and design appropriate conservation agriculture and adaptation practices in similar agro-ecological environments, and create opportunities for outscaling for much wider areas. The results of this study can suggest the need for possible policy refinements towards reducing vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in rainfed farming systems.

关键词： Climate Change Adaptation rainfed Farming Systems A Modeling Climate Smart Agriculture Southern Africa

Potential for Growing <i>Salvia hispanica</i>L., Areas under rainfed Conditions in Mexico

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1048-1057页

作者： Genovevo Ramírez-Jaramillo Mónica Guadalupe Lozano-Contreras Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)-Centro de Investigación Regional Sureste Programa para el Desarrollo de los Trópicos Mérida México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo Experimental Mocochá México

The Salvia hispanica L. is an endemic species Mexican plant, which relevance relies upon its properties as a natural source of omega 3 (α-linolenic acid), soluble and insoluble fibers, proteins, plus some other significant nutritional components. Due to the growing relevance generated by this crop, it became necessary to characterize its physical environment, as well as the natural factors related with its cultivation nationwide, aiming to find those most suitable for its production under rainfed conditions, looking forward to provide the basis to make a decision regarding where to target the agriculture promotion of such cropland. The software used for data process and analysis was the Arc/View 3.3 version. Thus, the crop requirements were recognized in order to analyze those most suitable for chia development in each one of its selected variables in the study hereby. The regionalization and mapping aimed to detect both the optimal and suboptimal potential areas for such crop were carried out, afterwards. It was finally determined that Mexico holds a total of 2,512,359 hectares with an optimal or high cultivation potential, whereas the areas with a medium or suboptimal potential are close to 3,658,089 hectares, which can be set under rainfed conditions.

关键词： Potential rainfed Conditions Chia

Exploring the impact of soil water variability and varietal diversity on alfalfa yield,nutritional quality,and farm profitability

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 266-278页

作者： Rudra Baral S.V.Krishna Jagadish Nathan Hein Romulo P.Lollato Aleksan Shanoyan Anil K.Giri Jiyung Kim Myungkyo Kim Doohong Min University of Missouri Extension ColumbiaMissouriUSA Deartment of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Agricultural Economics Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Economic Research Service United States Department of AgricultureKansas CityMissouriUSA School of Business Hanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

Background:Despite high nutritional and economic value,alfalfa yield has not been improved in the United States.Soil moisture critically influences alfalfa's yield and quality,affecting its physiological processes,nutrient uptake,and stand growth.Additionally,the maturity stage at harvest can significantly impact both hay yield and quality.Thus,this study aimed to assess the effect of different soil moisture levels and harvesting times on forage yield,nutritive value,and the overall profitability of commercially cultivated alfalfa.Methods:Two conventional and three lower-lignin alfalfa varieties were planted in a randomized complete block with split plot design under drought,rainfed,and irrigation conditions in 2020 in Manhattan,Kansas,USA.The dry matter yield(DMY)and forage nutritive value were evaluated at late bud,early flowering,and 7 days after early flowering stages,respectively.Results:DMY varied with production year,soil water availability,and growth stages,with drought conditions causing a decline in DMY of 5%to 38%in the second production year.Water conditions and maturity stages influenced crude protein(CP)and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD).Higher soil moisture and advancing maturity stages negatively impacted CP,IVDMD,and relative forage quality.The study revealed net profit margins of 62%,64%,and 52%for drought-prone,rainfed,and irrigated production,respectively.Conclusions:Harvest timing and irrigation practices were found to have substantial implications for forage yield and nutritive value of alfalfa.The yield-quality trade-off differed under drought and irrigation,with early harvesting leading to lower yields but higher protein content and digestibility.The study findings provide potential guidance for improving alfalfa hay yield,quality,and profitability.

关键词： crude protein drought dry matter yield forage nutritive value irrigation net farm income rainfed relative forage quality

Climate Based Risk Assessment for Maize Producing Areas in rainfed Agriculture in Mexico

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第13期6卷 1228-1237页

作者： I.Sanchez Cohen G.Esquivel Arriaga M.A.Velasquez Valle Marco A.Inzunza Ibarra Arcadio Munoz Villalobos P.Bueno Hurtado Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Centro Nacional de Investigacion Disciplinaria en Relacion Agua Suelo Planta Atmosfera(INIFAP-CENID RASPA)Km.6.5 Canal SacramentoZona Industrial Gomez PalacioDurangoMexico

rainfed areas in Mexico accounts for 14 million hectares where around 23 million people live and are located in places where there is a little climatic information. The severe drought that has impacted northern Mexico in the past several years as well as other parts of the country, has forced decision takers to look for improved tools and procedures to prevent and to cope with this natural hazard. For this paper, the methodology of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for estimating water balance variables was modified to provide crop yield estimations under rainfed agriculture in maize producer states of Mexico. The water balance accounts for the daily variation of soil water content having main input rainfall (Pp) and main output crop evapotranspiration (Eta). The algorithm computes crop yield using two distinctive approaches: 1) one based on surplus/deficit functions for each crop considered and 2) yield estimations based on soil water balance and water function productions of the crop being analyzed. For computing water balance and crop yields, a computer model is built that incorporates the FAO method for water balance (MODEL SICTOD: Computational System for Decision Taking, acronym in Spanish) which stochastically generate precipitation based on wet/dry transition probabilities using a first order Markov chain scheme. Maps of average crop yields were obtained after interpolating model outcomes for the main maize producer states of Mexico: Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero, Puebla Oaxaca and Chiapas. Different planting dates were analyzed, early (90 days of length period), intermediate (120 days of length period) and late (150 days of length period). Crop yield variability correlates to the transition probability on having a wet day following a dry day. Results have shown high yield variation and probability of crop yield failure and climatic risk follows a distinctive pattern according to planting date and rainfall occurrence. The approach used is of great support for decision takin

关键词： Risk Assessment Water Balance Crop Yield Simulation rainfed

Effects of puddling on percolation and rice yields in rainfed lowland paddy cultivation: Case study in Khammouane province, central Laos

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 360-368页

作者： Yoichi Fujihara Ryuichi Yamada Masato Oda Hideto Fujii Osamu Ito Junichi Kashiwagi Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Ishikawa Prefectural University Nonoichi Japan Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Institute for Sustainability and Peace United Nations University Tokyo Japan Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Tsukuba Japan

We investigated the effects of puddling on percolation and rice yields in rainfed lowland paddy cultivation. We selected a study village in Khammouane province, central Laos, and set up non-puddling and puddling plots from high to low positions. Even when puddling was conducted carefully, the ponding water in the plots disappeared in the case of little rainfall. Further, percolatifons during the later periods of rice growth increased drastically. Therefore, it is difficult to overcome drought stresses only by conducting puddling. We also compared the water conditions in the non-puddling and puddling plots. In the puddling plots at high position and low position along a stream, the number of days without ponding water in the puddling plots was less than that in the non-puddling field in July, suggesting the possibility of a different transplanting date. We tried to estimate the effects of transplanting date on the rice yields and found that transplanting 15 days earlier leads to an increase of 0.5 t/ha in the rice yields. Moreover, the profits from the increased yields exceed the puddling costs considerably, leading to a definite increase in income. Because the transplanting date has no effects in the fields with high ground water, puddling is effective in paddy fields where ponding does not occur to a significant degree.

关键词： rainfed Lowland Paddy Rice Puddling Percolation Yield Laos

Integrated Nutrient Management of Safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>L.) under rainfed Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 2208-2218页

作者： Obaid Afzal Muhammad Asif Mukhtar Ahmed Fahad Karim Awan Muhammad Aqeel Aslam Ammara Zahoor Muhammad Bilal Farid Asif Shaheen Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar Nazeer Ahmed Department of Agronomy PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan Plant Sciences Division Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Islamabad Pakistan Department of Entomology PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan

Optimistic and sustainable supply of soil available nutrients to crop plants enhances productivity. Integrated nutrient management (INM) approach can improve soil fertility on long term basis. The present study was conducted to determine effects of INM on quantitative and qualitative characters of two Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars “Thori-78 and Leed-00”. Five treatments using different composition of poultry litter, farm yard manure, nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers with recommended dose as a control measure were replicated thrice in randomized complete design. The results of field trial depicted maximum plant height (174.6 cm), number of heads plant-1 (42.67), number of seeds head-1 (59.0), thousand seed weight (42.26 g), biological yield (3089 Kg·ha-1) and seed yield (455.2 Kg·ha-1) recorded from combined application of FYM @ 2 t·ha-1and Half (N-P) (soil application) (T5) in Genotype “Leed-00” which was statistically different from all other treatments. Thori-78 also showed increase in yield and yield components under the same treatment (T5) i.e.2 t·ha-1 FYM and Half (N-P).No effect of INM was found on fatty acid composition of safflower cultivars. The correlation coefficients illustrated positive and significant association of seed yield with plant height (0.89), number of heads pod-1 (0.86) and number of seeds head-1 (0.83) as a result of application of selected treatment. These results demonstrated the significance of INM in safflower yield improvement under rainfed conditions.

关键词： Safflower Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Yield rainfed