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Radioactive Elements in Phosphorous Fertilizer —Basalt Flour-Recommended Mineral Fertilizer

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第4期10卷 15-32页

作者： Andrzej Pawuła Member of the Polish Geological Society Poznań Pologne

The article presents the concept of using powdered basalt as a mineral fertilizer and replacing radioactive phosphate rock with it. In addition to the characteristics of phosphate rock deposits and the ecological effects of the use of phosphorus fertilizers, the issue of the genesis of phosphate deposits was discussed. Phosphate rock contains natural radioactive elements whose origin is debatable. It is generally accepted that all elements are formed in a thermonuclear fusion reaction. The natural radioactivity of the elements results only from the instability of atomic nuclei, with a large advantage of neutrons over protons. The view of the cosmic origin of elements in the primary nucleosynthesis of the Big Bang is opposed to the view of the generation of elements in the present-day core of the Earth. Depending on the adopted view, extremely different conclusions can be drawn. If it is assumed that natural radioactive elements were formed in space billions of years ago, their number decreases as they decay. Conversely, if these elements form in the Earth’s core and appear as a component of basalt magma, their amount increases exponentially. Referring to publications on the theory of natural forces of nature, the article explains the phenomenon of spontaneous formation of fusion reactors. At the same time, the phenomenon of the expansion of the globe was explained, manifested by a tenfold increase in the volume of the globe over the last 200 million years. Growing basalt magma has a stabilized mineral composition and contains traces of uranium. Therefore, in the basalt rock the uranium concentration is low (<1 ppm), while in the phosphate rock uranium precipitates from concentrated igneous solutions and its concentration increases to 600 ppm.

关键词： radioecology The Origin of the Elements Thermonuclear Synthesis Georeactor

The Problem of Natural Radioactive Elements

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第4期9卷 176-194页

作者： Andrzej Pawuła Institute of Geology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland

The article presents two opposing views on the origin of natural radioactive elements. According to a view based on the Big Bang Theory, the elements found on Earth were formed by the process of primary nucleosyntase 13.8 billion years ago, with the exception of uranium and other heavy elements that were formed billions of years later under stellar conditions. It follows from this view that throughout the existence of the earth, the global amount of uranium and other primary radionuclides is reduced as a result of natural decay. The reasoning of the proponents of the BB theory is as follows: if the global radioactivity decreases, the problem of the threat decreases and one only needs to get used to the newly discovered natural phenomenon. There are even official regulations that exclude ionizing radiation from radon in the calculation of the limit dose. The Primary Forces of Nature theory presents a completely different view. Considering the analogous influence of gravity on the formation of the globs of the solar system, the logical explanation of the phenomena of geological activity are thermonuclear processes, such as on the sun. Hence the conclusion that the elements chemical are now created in the core of the Earth in the process of thermonuclear synthesis. The problem is serious because there is an accelerated growth of new igneous matter containing the created elements, and the ionizing radiation of natural radionuclides is the main factor responsible for the radioactivity level of the human environment.

关键词： Radioactive Elements Uranium Geology radioecology Radon

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose Due to Ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Cattle in Tin Mining Areas of Jos Plateau, Nigeria: Are Large Mammals Really Affected?

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Natural Science 2015年第4期7卷 190-196页

作者： A. S. Aliyu T. A. Mousseau N. N. Garba H. T. Abba A. T. Ramli Department of Physics Nasarawa State University Keffi Nigeria Department of Physics Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA Department of Physics Ahmadu University Zaria Nigeria Department of Physics Yobe State University Damaturu Damaturu Nigeria

We have read with great interest the paper which was published in Natural Science, 2014 issue number 6 titled “Estimation of annual effective dose due to ingestion of natural radionuclides in cattle in tin mining area of Jos Plateau, Nigeria” [1]. The paper motivated us to use state-of-the-art computational technique to investigate the risks of the tin mining activity in Jos-Plateau, Nigeria on large mammals (e.g. cattle). The Tier 2 Erica Tool assessment was used to estimate the total dose rate and risk quotients of these reference terrestrial animals. Our investigation revealed that the expected and conservative risk quotients of large mammals due to internal and external exposure to enhanced level of radioactivity are 0.05 and 0.16, respectively. Since the risk quotients are less than unity, this indicates that there is less than 5% probability that the screen dose rate (10 μGy•h–1) is exceeded. The estimated total dose rate to large mammals is 0.52 μGy•h–1 which is not statistically significant. A critical analysis of [1] is presented in the introductory part of this paper.

关键词： Tin Mining radioecology Biota Jos Dose Rate

Analysis of Radium Isotopes in Surface Waters nearby a Phosphate Mining with NORM at Santa Quiteria,Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第3期5卷 193-199页

作者： Wagner de S.Pereira Alphonse Kelecom Juliana R.de S.Pereira Multidisciplinary Group of Radioprotection(GMR) Servico de RadioprotecaoUnidade de Tratamento de MinerioIndustrias Nucleares do BrasilCaldasBrazil Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiometry Pedro Lopes dos Santos(LARARA-PLS) Group of Environmental Themes Assessment(GETA)Universidade Federal Fluminense(UFF)NiteroiBrazil Interdisciplinary Under-Graduation in Science and Technology Universidade Federal de AlfenasPocos de CaldasBrazil

The radium isotopes 226Ra and 228Ra were analyzed in surface water at six points in the neighborhood of a mine of phosphate, associated with uranium, in the region of Santa Quitéria, state of Ceará, Brazil. Water samples were collected during twenty months, filtered and the concentrations of activity determined in the soluble and particulate phases. The results were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for ordination of environmental data, and also by ANOVA, Tukey and Z tests to compare sets of data considering the radionuclides, the two analyzed phases and the six collecting points. The PCA identified four groups that included all collecting points, using aggregation features such as radionuclide and analyzed phase. The first group is composed by the samples of 226Ra in the soluble phase;the second group by samples of 226Ra in the particulate phase;the third one by 228Ra in the soluble phase, and finally, the fourth group by 228Ra in the particulate phase. This last group has two discrepant points (01 and 06). Statistical analysis identified differences between the concentrations of activity of radionuclides (228Ra higher than 226Ra) and in analyzed phases (soluble phase higher than the particulate one) but showed no differences between sampled points.

关键词： radioecology Environmental Radioprotection NORM Mining Radium Isotopes PCA

Development of the ^(137)Cs,^(90)Sr and ^(3)H Concentrations in the Hydrosphere in the Vicinity of NPP Temelín(South Bohemia)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第8期6卷 813-823页

作者： Eduard Hanslík Diana Maresova Eva Juranova Barbora Sedlarova Department of radioecology T.G.Masaryk Water Research InstitutePragueCzech Republic Faculty of Science Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic

The paperfocuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant). The radionuclides were monitored in surface water, river sediments, aquatic flora and fish species. The main objective of the study was to analyze and integrate all of the knowledge on concentrations and behaviour of these radionuclides, which originate mainly from residual contamination, in order to assess the impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on hydrosphere in these indicators during its standard operation and possible accidents. The radionuclides were analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal variability in their concentrations and their inflows and outflows, mainly into and from Orlík Reservoir. The analysis included standard radioecological characteristics, which were applicable for assessing long-term development and behavior of radionuclides in the environment affected by their possible accidental releases on the territory of the Czech Republic or outside this territory. For all of the components of the environment, the concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr which were used for calculation of their effective and ecological half-time, were decreasing. For 137Cs in surface water and fish, the rates of the decrease in the first and second monitoring period were different. The rate of the decrease in 90Sr concentration was invariable. The results of the monitoring showed that 86% of suspended solids and 62% of 137Cs inflowing into Orlík Reservoir accumulated in the reservoir while accumulation of 90Sr was not substantiated. Outflows of 137Cs and 90Sr activities were assessed in relation to their concentrations that were accumulated in individual basins until 1986 consequently to Chernobyl accident and tests of atmospheric nuclear weapons. The results for the whole area of the Vltava, Luznice and Otava River basins upstream from the Vltava River at Solenice showed that during the period 1986-2013 only 0.49% of 137Cs activ

关键词： Caesium 137 Strontium 90 Tritium Effective Half-Time Ecological Half-Time Surface Water Sediments Concentration Factor Distribution Coefficient radioecology