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Recent observations and research progresses of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes during thunderstorms

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第3期66卷 435-455页

作者： Fanchao LYU Yijun ZHANG Gaopeng LU Baoyou ZHU Hongbo ZHANG Wei XU Shaolin XIONG Weitao LYU Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200441China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100081China Electronic Information School Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100081China

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs)are high-energy emissions in thunderstorms that were discovered first by satellite-based and then by ground-based gamma-ray detectors with photon energy up to tens of Me *** are a natural highenergy phenomenon associated with lightning discharges that frequently occur during ***,their production mechanisms and associated processes are still *** studies have already been a research spotlight in the atmospheric electricity and high-energy atmosphere research *** this paper,we review recent research progresses on TGF studies in the past decade,including TGF detection,the relationship between TGFs and lightning processes,and thunderstorm *** unsolved important scientific questions are *** suggest that upward TGFs observed by satellite-based detectors are closely connected with the development of in-cloud upward negative *** are usually generated in milliseconds of the initiation of upward negative leaders and may produce a kind of distinct radio emissions because of the generation and propagation of huge amounts of high-energy *** contrast,its counterpart,i.e.,downward TGFs observed by ground-based gamma-ray detectors,is associated with different types of lightning processes,such as downward negative or upward positive leaders,the initial continuing current stage of rocket-triggered lightning flashes return stroke *** of limited observations,how these downward TGFs are generated is still *** from the development of state-of-the-art instruments with high temporal and spatial resolutions,new insights into the processes and mechanisms of TGFs will be achieved with coordinated observations from satellite-based and ground-based measurements.

关键词： Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs) Lightning Thunderstorm High-energy emissions radio emission detection

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