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Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the optical properties and radiative effects of urban brown carbon aerosol

Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 291-301页

作者： Yong Zhang Qiyuan Wang Jie Tian Yu Li Huikun Liu Weikang Ran Yongming Han AndréS.H.Prévot Junji Cao State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station Xi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute(PSI)Villigen 5232Switzerland

Intensive measurements were conducted in Xi’an,China before and during a COVID-19 lockdown period to investigate how changes in anthropogenic emissions affected the optical properties and radiative effects of brown carbon(BrC)*** contribution of BrC to total aerosol light absorption during the lockdown(13%-49%)was higher compared with the normal period(4%-29%).Mass absorption cross-sections(MACs)of specific organic aerosol(OA)factors were calculated from a ridge regression *** the primary OA(POA),coal combustion OA(CCOA)had the largest MACs at all tested wave-lengths during both periods due to high molecular-weight BrC chromophores;that was followed by biomass burning OA(BBOA)and hydrocarbon-like OA(HOA).For secondary OA(SOA),the MACs of the lessoxidized oxygenated OA(OOA)species(LO-OOA)atλ=370-590 nm were higher than those of more-oxidized OOA(MO-OOA)during both periods,presumably due to chromophore *** largest contributor to BrC absorption at the short wavelengths was CCOA during both periods,but BrC absorption by LO-OOA and MO-OOA became dominant at longer wavelengths during the *** estimated radiation forcing efficiency of BrC over 370-600 nm increased from 37.5 W·gduring the normal period to 50.2 W·gduring the lockdown,and that enhancement was mainly caused by higher MACs for both LO-OOA and *** study provides insights into the optical properties and radiative effects of source-specific BrC aerosol when pollution emissions are reduced.

关键词： COVID-19 Brown carbon Mass absorption cross-section radiative effects

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radiative effects on Torrential Rainfall during the Landfall of Typhoon Fitow(2013)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第1期33卷 101-109页

作者： Lingyun LOU Xiaofan LI School of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University

Cloud microphysical and rainfall responses to radiative processes are examined through analysis of cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments of Typhoon Fitow（2013） during *** budget analysis shows that the increase in the mean rainfall caused by the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds corresponds to the decrease in accretion of raindrops by cloud ice in the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds,but the rainfall is insensitive to radiative effects of water clouds in the absence of radiative effects of ice *** increases in the mean rainfall resulting from the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds correspond to the enhanced net *** increases（decreases） in maximum rainfall caused by the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds in the presence（absence） of radiative effects of ice clouds,or the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds in the presence（absence） of radiative effects of water clouds,correspond mainly to the enhancements（reductions） in net *** mean rain rate is a product of rain intensity and fractional rainfall *** radiation-induced difference in the mean rain rate is related to the difference in rain *** radiation-induced difference in the maximum rain rate is associated with the difference in the fractional coverage of maximum rainfall.

关键词： radiative effects rainfall maximum rainfall rain intensity fractional rainfall coverage net condensation hydrometeor change

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radiative effects on Mixed Convection in a Uniformly HeatedVertical Convergent Channel with an Unheated Moving Plate

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2011年第3期3卷 280-296页

作者： Assunta Andreozzi Nicola Bianco Vincenzo Naso DETEC-Universit`a di Napoli Federico II P.le Tecchio80-80125NapoliItaly

Fluids engineering is extremely important in a wide variety of materials processing systems,such as soldering,welding,extrusion of plastics and other polymeric materials,Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD),composite materials *** particular,mixed convection due to moving surfaces is very important in these *** convection in a channel,as a result of buoyancy and motion of one of its walls has received little research attention and few guidelines are available for choosing the best performing channel configuration,particularly when radiative effects are *** this study a numerical investigation of the effect of radiation on mixed convection in air due to the interaction between a buoyancy flow and an unheated moving plate induced flow in a uniformly heated convergent vertical channel is carried *** moving plate has a constant velocity and moves in the buoyancy force *** principal walls of the channel are heated at uniform heat *** numerical analysis is accomplished by means of the commercial code *** effects of the wall emissivity,the minimum channel spacing,the converging angle and the moving plate velocity are investigated and results in terms of air velocity and temperature fields inside the channel and wall temperature profiles,both of the moving and the heated plates,are *** numbers,both accounting and not for the radiative contribution to heat removal,are also presented.

关键词： Mixed convection moving surfaces convergent channels radiative effects

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Lower Stratospheric Water Vapor Variations Diagnosed from Satellite Observations,Reanalysis Data,and a Chemistry-Climate Model

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第4期35卷 701-715页

作者： Yan XIA Yi HUANG Yongyun HU Jun YANG College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences McGill UniversityMontrealQuebec H3A 0B9、Canada Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Stratospheric water vapor variations,which may play an important role in surface climate,have drawn extensive ***,the variation in stratospheric water vapor is investigated by using data from observations of the Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)on the Aura satellite,from the ECMWF Interim Reanalysis(ERAI),and simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model(WACCM).We find that the differences of annual mean stratospheric water vapor among these datasets may be partly caused by the differences in vertical *** budget analysis,we find that the upward transport of water vapor at 100 h Pa is mainly located over the Pacific warm pool region and South America in the equatorial tropics in boreal winter and over the southeast of the South Asian high and south of North America in boreal *** is found that temperature averaged over regions with upward transport is a better indicator of interannual variability of tropical mean stratospheric water vapor than the tropical mean *** seems that the distributions of the seasonal cycle amplitude of lower stratospheric water vapor in the tropics can also be impacted by the vertical *** radiative effects of the interannual changes in water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere are underestimated by approximately 29%in both ERAI and WACCM compared to MLS,although the interannual variations of water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere are dramatically overestimated in ERAI and *** results here indicate that the radiative effect of long-term changes in water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere may be underestimated in both ERAI and WACCM simulations.

关键词： stratospheric water vapor horizontal and vertical transport chemistry-climate model radiative effects interannual variations

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