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Forcing in Christian Events: The Turin Shroud Case

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2351-2359页

作者： Giovanni Fazio Marcello Leonello Francesca Riotto Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy Diocese of Oppido Mamertina-Palmi Palmi Italy

In its totality and complexity, the theme of forcing in Christian events is almost impossible to investigate. In fact, a lot of scholars and a very long time would be necessary to analyse the numerous events. Thus, we decided to investigate such events only in the study of the Shroud of Turin, an archaeological find known worldwide. The above topic is essential for Christianity. Furthermore, we must take into account that also among the followers of other religions, atheists and agnostics, there is a considerable interest. We think this is due to the unexpected characteristics that the Body Image, which appears on the Burial Linen of the Nazarene, shows. In this article, we would like to demonstrate that the practice of forcing is still in use. These actions, which are also present on the other side, in the non-Christian world, are the result of conflicts of religious interests. To confirm the presence of the Almighty is not necessarily the forcing. Finding a solution to these problems is not our job. However, we want to highlight them through scientific literature.

关键词： Shroud of Turin Forcing Sindonology Aromas Pollens radiative hypothesis

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Discoloration Range and Shroud Image Depth Values Cannot Be Satisfied by the Same Proton Energy

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第8期13卷 1224-1232页

作者： Giovanni Fazio Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy

The radiative hypothesis has been revisited showing other characteristics, produced by the protons used as dyes in total disagree with the ones of the Body Image that appears on the Shroud of Turin. Our investigations highlight that for the protons to reach 3.7 cm in air, the distance that measures the range of discoloration effects, must be emitted with an energy of about 1.5 MeV using Wilson and Brobeck’s empirical formula and 1.35 MeV using Bethe’s. This last formula provides a result closer to reality. Bethe shows that the penetration depth is greater than that calculated empirically. Such a value of proton energy (1.35 MeV) makes it possible to satisfy the discoloration effects range for the Shroud but it is incompatible with a depth of penetration in linen that is only 200 nm. Moreover, using the same subatomic particles, we obtained on the colored linen a distribution of energy represented by regression but not linear. Thus, also the possible I(z) correlation, between color intensity and body-sheet distance, which should be due to the oxidizing action of protons, does not agree with that extracted from the Shroud of Turin.

关键词： Shroud of Turin Body Image Formation radiative hypothesis Proton Model Discoloration Effects Range

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