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river restoration challenges with a specific view on hydromorphology

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 1033-1038页

作者： Jianhua LI Stephan HOERBINGER Clemens WEISSTEINER Lingmin PENG Hans Peter RAUCH Key Laboratory of Yangtze river Water Environment Tongji UniversityShanghai 100029China Institute of Soil Bioengineering and Landscape Construction University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria GeoVerde OG Landscape EngineersViennaAustria

1 Introduction 1.1 river ecosystem degradation Over the past century,almost throughout the whole world,streams and rivers have been heavily polluted and morphologically degraded due to industrial,household and agricultural sources,leading to significant declines in biodiversity,water quality and ultimately water supply[1-5].In the last decades,river system design has been practiced from an engineering viewpoint that focuses on water abstraction,sanitation,generation of energy,transportation and safety,rather than from a socio-ecological *** technical management altered the understanding of a functioning river system itself and its social context.

关键词： river restoration transportation

river Chief System (RCS):An experiment on cross-sectoral coordination of watershed governance

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第4期13卷 1-3页

作者： Longfei Wang Jiaxin Tong Yi Li Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of EducationCollege of EnvironmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Basin Water Environmental Research Department Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan 430010China

The trans-regional characteristics of watershed governance produce more problems beyond the capacity of each individual water-related department, leading to the fragmentation of watershed management. The river Chief System (RCS) has experienced swift developments over the past decade in China by appointing the local government heads as river chiefs. RCS works efficiently in the short-term due to its superiority in the inclusion of clear responsibility, authority, and multi-sectoral collaboration. However, the characteristics of the authority-based vertical coordination of the hierarchical system remain unchanged, and therefore the problems of organizational logic and the responsibility dilemma still exist. Tasks including perfecting of laws, integrated watershed management, and public participation still need to be completed. RCS reflects the routine and characteristics of the migration of national governance, and as such provides new insights for other developing countries in the design of river management systems.

关键词： river Chief System Watershed governance Cross-sectoral coordination Environmental protection

river bank protection from ship-induced waves and river flow

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Water Science and Engineering 2019年第2期12卷 129-135页

作者： Sahameddin Mahmoudi Kurdistani Giuseppe R. Tomasicchin Felice D’Alessandro Leila Hassanabadi Department of Engineering for Innovation University of Salento

A new equation is proposed for the design of armor units on protected river banks under the combined action of ship-induced waves and river *** observed field and experimental data in the literature have been examined and a valuable database has been *** conditions,including the river water depth,flow velocity,river bank slope,Froude number,wave height,wave period,and wave obliquity have been *** from an empirical equation (Bhowmik,1978) that only considers the maximum wave height and river bank slope have been compared with the results calculated by the newly developed *** results have also been verified against field *** show that not only the maximum wave height and river bank slope but also the water depth,flow velocity,wave length,wave obliquity,and wave period are important parameters for predicting the mean diameter of the armor units,highlighting the multivariate behavior of protecting the river bank in the presence of ship-induced waves and river flow velocity.

关键词： river bank protection Hydraulics Ship-induced waves river flow velocity Wave period Wave obliquity Multivariate phenomenon

Air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the Yangtze river Delta region during 2014–2016

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 8-20页

作者： Tao Ma Fengkui Duan Kebin He Yu Qin Dan Tong Guannan Geng Xuyan Liu Hui Li Shuo Yang Siqi Ye Beiyao Xu Qiang Zhang Yongliang Ma State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze river Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O3,decreased. Spatially, the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO2 and O3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM2.5 was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O3, PM10, and ***, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O3 pollution *** conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM2.5 concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative *** air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission *** 2014–2016, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region.

关键词： Air pollution Spatiotemporal variation Meteorological condition Emission inventory Regional transport Yangtze river Delta

Path Analysis of Energy-Saving Technology in Yangtze river Basin Based on Multi-Objective and Multi-Parameter Optimisation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第6期28卷 1164-1175页

作者： MENG Xiangzhong YU Wei ZHENG Chuyu WANG Di CAO Xinyun Joint International Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings Ministry of Science and TechnologyChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited Hangzhou 311122China

The Yangtze river Basin in China is characterised by hot-and cold-humid climates in summer and winter, respectively. Thus, increased demand for heating and cooling energy according to the season, as well as poor indoor thermal comfort, are inevitable. To overcome this problem, this study focused on the influence of passive design and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment performance on the energy performance of residential buildings, and explored potential energy-saving technology paths involving passive design and improved coefficient of performance through a multi-objective and multi-parameter optimisation technique. A large-scale questionnaire survey covering a typical city was first conducted to identify family lifestyle patterns regarding time spent at home, family type, air conditioner use habits, indoor thermal comfort, etc. Then, the actual heating and cooling energy consumption and information of model building were determined for this region. Subsequently, the design parameters of an individual building were simulated using Energyplus to investigate the cooling and heating energy consumption for a typical residential building with an air conditioner. The results indicated an improvement of approximately 30% in energy efficiency through optimisation of the external-wall insulation thickness and the external-window and shading performance, and through use of appropriate ventilation technology. Thus, a multi-objective and multi-parameter optimisation model was developed to achieve comprehensive optimisation of several design parameters. Experimental results showed that comprehensive optimisation could not only reduce cooling and heating energy consumption, but also improve the thermal comfort level achieved with a non-artificial cooling and heating source. Finally, three energy-saving technology paths were formulated to achieve a balance between indoor thermal comfort improvement and the target energy efficiency(20 kWh/(m2?a)). The findings of

关键词： Yangtze river Basin energy consumption multi-objective and multi-parameter optimisation passive design energy-saving technology path

High-resolution 3D crustal S-wave velocity structure of the MiddleLower Yangtze river Metallogenic Belt and implications for its deep geodynamic setting

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第9期62卷 1361-1378页

作者： Song LUO Huajian YAO Qiusheng LI Weitao WANG Kesong WAN Yafeng MENG Bin LIU Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China National Geophysical Observatory at Mengcheng University of Science and Technology of China Mengcheng 233500 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Institute of Geophysics Chinese Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China

The Middle-Lower Yangtze river Metallogenic Belt(MLYMB) is an important mineral resource region in ***-resolution crustal models can provide crucial constraints to understand the ore-forming processes and geodynamic setting in this region. Using ambient seismic noise from 107 permanent and 82 portable stations in the MLYMB and the adjacent area,we present a new high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model of this region. We first extract 5–50 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data by calculating ambient noise cross-correlation functions(CFs) and then use the surface wave direct inversion method to invert the mixed path travel times for the 3D S-wave velocity structure. Checkerboard tests show that the horizontal resolution of the 3D S-wave velocity model is approximately 0.5°–1.0° and that the vertical resolution decreases with increasing noise and depth. Our high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model reveals:(1) AV-shaped high-velocity zone(HVZ) is located in the lower crust and the uppermost mantle in the study region. The western branch of the HVZ passes through the Jianghan Basin,the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the Nanxiang Basin. The eastern branch, which almost completely covers the main body of the MLYMB, is located near the Tanlu Fault. The low-velocity anomalies between the western and eastern branches are located in the area of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt.(2) High-velocity uplifts(HVUs) are common in the crust of the MLYMB,especially in the areas near the Tanlu Fault, the Changjiang Fault and the Yangxin-Changzhou Fault. The intensities of the HVUs gradually weaken from west to east. The V-shaped HVZ in the lower crust and uppermost mantle and the HVUs in the middle and lower crust likely represent cooled mantle intrusive rocks. During the Yanshanian period, fault systems formed in the MLYMB due to the convergence between the South China Plate and the North China Plate, the multiple-direction drifting of the PaleoPacific Plate and its subd

关键词： Middle-Lower Yangtze river Metallogenic Belt Ambient noise Surface wave Crustal structure Mineralization dynamics

Alignment of social and ecological structures increased the ability of river management

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Science Bulletin 2019年第18期64卷 1318-1324页

作者： Shuai Wang Bojie Fu Orjan Bodin Jianguo Liu Mengmeng Zhang Xiaoyan Li State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMl 48823USA

Large hydrologic basins involve multiple stakeholders, and coupled dynamic social and ecological processes. Managing such basins has long been a challenge. Balancing the demand for water from nature against that from humans is always difficult, particularly in arid watersheds. Here, we analyze potential institutional causes of ecological degradation and how it can be reversed by introducing new forms of governance. The framework and assumptions are illustrated using China’s second-largest endorheic basin, where empirical evidence shows that the introduction of a new governing authority connecting midstream and downstream actors facilitated the establishment of a new governance regime that is better aligned with the biophysical scales of the watershed. A trans-regional water allocation project initiated by the new higher-level authority successfully rescued downstream oases and restored a dried terminal lake. These outcomes suggest that when social and ecological structures are better aligned our ability to manage the interplay between social and ecological processes increases. However, the lack of direct connection between the actors of the middle and lower reaches resulted in the paradox of an increase in water demand. We therefore suggest that measures to stimulate the emergence of horizontal social ties linking different critical groups of actors across the watershed could further the alignment of the institutional and biophysical structures-without these changes sustainable management of river basins and other common pool resources will remain problematic.

关键词： river management Heihe river Social ecological system Institutional fit

Structural characteristics of river networks and their relations to basin factors in the Yangtze and Yellow river basins

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第11期62卷 1885-1895页

作者： CHEN XiaBin WANG YiChu NI JinRen The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology(BIC-ESAT) Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The integration of rivers and basins highly implies the possible existence of certain relationships between hierarchical characteristics of river networks and primary basin *** we investigated river networks in two large basins,the Yangtze river and the Yellow river,characterized with basic factors such as annual precipitation,slope,soil erodibility and *** analysis demonstrated a fair self-similarity of river networks at the stream-order 1-5 in both rivers,described by the structural parameters including bifurcation ratio,side-branching ratio,drainage density,and length of *** precipitation,basin slope was essential in shaping river networks in both basins,showing a significant positive correlation(R^2=0.39-0.85)to bifurcation ratio,side-branching ratio,and drainage *** the same basin slope(5°-15°),the higher soil erodibility and sparse vegetation would promote greater side-branching ratio and drainage density in the Yellow river,which were estimated 11.97%and 63.70%larger,respectively than those in the Yangtze *** study highlights the importance to formulate basin-specific strategies for water and soil conservation in terms of different structures of river networks.

关键词： river network structural characteristics basin factor Yangtze river Yellow river

Validation and application of water levels derived from Sentinel-3A for the Brahmaputra river

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第10期62卷 1760-1772页

作者： HUANG Qi LI XingDong HAN PengFei LONG Di ZHAO FanYu HOU AiZhong State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Hydrological Forecast Center Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing100053China

For the first time ever, this study aims at applying Sentinel-3 A to the Great Brahmaputra river(GBR) and validating water levels derived from this newly-launched altimetry satellite mission. The GBR is divided into three primary parts:(1) a large section of the Yarlung Zangbo river in China, also termed the Upper Brahmaputra river(UBR) in this study, featured by high elevation,complex terrain, narrow river widths(from less than 100 to 400 m), and limited in situ measurements;(2) the Middle Brahmaputra river(MBR) with widths varying from ~400 m to ~1 km;(3) the Lower Brahmaputra river(LBR), dominated by braided channels with wide river channels(up to several kilometers). For the altimetry data, both waveform retracking and hooking effect correction were applied to mitigate the influence caused by land contamination and to improve the accuracy of water level retrievals. Water levels were derived from 41 virtual stations(VSs) across the GBR and different retracking algorithms were compared with in situ data from two gauging stations in the UBR. Time series of altimetry-based water levels were categorized into three types based on the quality: no data(type 1), degraded(type 2), and good(type 3). Results showed that the VSs(type 1) only existed in the mountainous regions, accounting for ~ a half of the total in the UBR. Validation with the gauged water levels showed that the TIC algorithm performed best among all of the retrackers applied, followed by the Ice-1 algorithm. The standard deviation of the difference between the gauged and TIC-derived water levels ranged from 0.41 to 0.76 m among four different VSs(type 3). In addition, the quality of VSs in the LBR was best, followed by the MBR. Our study has demonstrated the capability of Sentinel-3 A in monitoring water levels in the GBR, thereby paving the way for future applications such as discharge estimation and hydrologic/hydrodynamic applications.

关键词： water levels Sentinel-3A Brahmaputra river mountainous regions