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regional differences in global glacier retreat from 1980 to 2015

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第4期10卷 203-213页

作者： LI Yao-Jun DING Yong-Jian SHANGGUAN Dong-Hui WANG Rong-Jun State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Global warming triggers shrinking and thinning of glaciers worldwide,with potentially severe implications for human ***,regional differences in glacier retreat and its relationship with climatic characteristics have not been conclusively *** this study,regional changes in global glaciers based on two primary features,area change and mass balance,were investigated on the basis of data collected from published research on glacier *** show that during the period 1980—2015,the rate of global glacier area shrinkage was 0.18%per year and that of global glacier mass loss was 0.25 m *** *** of glaciers located at low and middle latitudes was characterized by severe area shrinkage and mass ***,in the Arctic,deglaciation was characterized by ice thinning due to a low area reduction but relatively high mass loss ***,glaciers in high southern latitudes were in a relatively stable *** Mountain Asia exhibited the lowest rate of area shrinkage and mass loss among glaciers located at low and middle latitudes,and a slower rate of mass loss compared with the global *** in the Tropical Andes exhibited the fastest rate of glacier area shrinkage(—1.6%per year),whereas Antarctic and Subantarctic glaciers showed the lowest rate(—0.11%per year).For mass balance,the most negative occurred at Southern Andes(—0.81 m *** year),followed by Alaska(-0.74 m *** year).Only the Antarctic and Subantarctic experienced small mass gain(0.04 m *** year).High levels of correlation are found between the rates of glacier retreat and annual average temperature and annual total precipitation instead of their *** variability of the surface climate conditions in the glacier environment plays a key role in driving these regional differences in global glacier retreat.

关键词： Glacier retreat regional differences Climate change

regional differences in China's Energy Efficiency and Conservation Potentials

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China & World Economy 2007年第1期15卷 96-115页

作者： Shi Dan Senior Research Fellow Institute of Industrial Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

This paper investigates the maximum energy efficiency level and the energy saving potentials in each region in China that can be practically attained at current economic and technological development levels. Most of the nation ＇s energy efficient provinces are found along the coast of southeast China, while most of its least energy efficient provinces are in the hinterland that is rich in coal resources, and which depends heavily on coal consumption. China＇s low efficiency in energy resource allocation stems from its secondary industry, which is handicapped by the lowest energy efficiency and the most striking regional differentials. A comparison of the factors affecting the energy efficiency shows that the provinces being compared in this study differ tremendously in energy consumption structure, technological level of the secondary industry, and abundance of energy resources, and that the other factors are only adequate, rather than necessary, conditions. It is imperative to rectify the behaviors of provinces in balancing local energy allocation, to channel energy resources to energy efficient provinces, and to improve the national energy efficiency as a whole. When taking energy-saving steps, provinces must take into full consideration both the national and local factors that affect energy efficiency. Furthermore, it is unrealistic for China to set a unified energy saving goal for differentprovinces.

关键词： energy efficiency energy efficiency convergence energy saving potentials regional differences

The emergence, development and regional differences of mixed farming of rice and millet in the upper and middle Huai River Valley, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第9期59卷 1779-1790页

作者： YANG YuZhang CHENG ZhiJie LI WeiYa YAO Ling LI ZhanYang LUO WuHong YUAN ZengJian ZHANG Juan ZHANG JuZhong Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Faculty of Archaeology Leiden University Leiden 2333CC the Netherlands Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Zhengzhou 450000 China

Mixed farming of rice and millet is one of the basic agricultural modes in the upper and middle Huai River Valley(HRV). According to the latest data, this agricultural mode appeared during the middle and late Peiligang Culture(7.8–7.0 ka BP) in the upper HRV, and then became a common subsistence economy in the end of the Neolithic(5.0–4.0 ka BP) in both the upper and middle HRV. However, it is still not clear how this mixed farming developed in the upper HRV after its occurrence, nor are the regional differences in the development of mixed farming between the upper and middle HRV during the Neolithic completely understood. In this paper, flotation and starch analyses were conducted on samples from eight archaeological sites in the upper and middle HRV. The results indicate that the mixed farming of rice and millet first appeared in the later phase of the middle Neolithic in the regions of the Peiligang Culture, then developed quite rapidly in the late Neolithic(6.8–5.0 ka BP), finally becoming the main subsistence economy at the end of the Neolithic in the upper HRV. However, there are obvious differences in the emergence and development of agriculture between the middle and upper HRV. Rice farming was the only agricultural system during the middle Neolithic, lasting until the end of the Neolithic, when mixed farming appeared in the middle HRV. Furthermore, although mixed farming appeared in both the upper and middle HRV during the end of the Neolithic, the roles of rice, foxtail millet and broomcorn millet in the subsistence economy were not the same. In general, millet was more widely cultivated than rice in the upper HRV, but rice occupied the same or a slightly more prominent position in the middle HRV at the end of the Neolithic. These results are significant for understanding the process of agricultural development and transformation, as well as human adaptation to climatic and cultural variability duringthe Neolithic.

关键词： Upper and middle Huai River Neolithic Mixed farming of rice and millet Agricultural development and transformation regional differences

Assessment of Electricity Productivity in China:regional differences and Convergence

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Energy Engineering 2021年第5期118卷 1353-1374页

作者： Pinjie Xie Ying Zhai Fan Yang Zhuowen Mu Chao Wang College of Economics and Management Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai200090China Zhejiang Electric Transmission and Transformation Engineering Co. Ltd.Hangzhou310016China State Grid Jiangsu Marketing Service Center(Metrology Center) Nanjing210019China Beijing Electric Power Transmission and Transformation Co. Ltd.Beijing102401China

Electricity productivity is regarded as a major assessment indicator in the design of energy saving policies,given that China has entered a“New Normal”of economic *** fact,enhancing electricity productivity in an all-round way,as is one of the binding indicators for energy and environmental issues,means that non-growth target of total electric energy consumption in the economic development is *** Gini coefficient,Theil index,and Mean log deviation are utilized to measure regional differences in China’s electricity productivity from 1997 to 2016 in five regions,and conditionalβconvergence is empirically analyzed with the spatial Durbin *** results show that:(1)China’s electricity productivity is improving,while the overall feature is that the eastern area has a higher efficiency than the western area.(2)The difference in electricity productivity is the smallest in the northeast and the largest in the *** difference plays an important role and is the main cause for the differences.(3)The electricity productivity in China exhibitsβconvergence,except for the *** positive driving factor is urbanization level(0.0485%),and the negative driving factor is FDI(–0.0104%).Moreover,the urbanization rate(0.0669%),foreign direct investment(0.0960%),and the industrial structure(–0.0769%)have a spatial spillover effect on improving regional electricity *** on this conclusion,the study provides some recommendations for saving energy policy design in China’s power industry.

关键词： Electricity productivity regional differences convergence spatial Durbin model

regional differences in rainfall frequency and amount over southwestern China

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2019年第5期12卷 313-319页

作者： YUAN Weihua HU Xuelin TIAN Qing State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Municipal Climate Center BeijingChina

In this paper,the rainfall features in southwestern China are studied using daily rainfall station *** rainfall features are distinct along the eastern and western edges of the Hengduan Mountains and over the mountains,especially in terms of rainfall *** rainfall amounts and frequencies are much higher along the eastern and western edges than over the mountains,particularly during spring,which is partly contributed by the number and duration of rainfall *** differences are more obvious in the nocturnal rainfall than in the daytime *** rainfall differences over the three regions could be affected by the large-scale *** analyzing reanalysis data,the large-scale circulations linked to the different rainfall features over southwestern China,and the interactions of these circulations with the topography are also discussed.

关键词： Rainfall frequency rainfall amount southwestern China regional differences

Gini Index for Cities: A Preliminary Study on regional differences of Chinese City Size Distribution

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2004年第4期2卷 33-36页

作者： Liu Wangbao & Zheng Bohong Department of Architecture and Urban Planing, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan Department of Architecture and Urban Planing Central South University Changsha Hunan 410075 China

City size distribution is of interest because of a number of key stylized facts, including notably Zipf's law for cities and the importance of urban primacy. But a new and more efficient method Gini index can be used for calculating regional city size distribution. This paper begins by developing a calculation method for the Gini index, dividing the whole country into 26 areas and then calculating each area's Gini index value. Based on these calculation results, this paper gives a preliminary study on regional differences of its city size distribution and the dynamics.

关键词： Gini index city size distribution regional differences

An Empirical Study on regional differences of Higher Education Financial Aid in China

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2017年第9期7卷 516-528页

作者： ZHAN Hong-yi Renmin University of China BeijingChina

This paper uses empirical data to examine the issue of fairness of higher education student financial aid in China, noting different levels of regional economic development as the reason to explain the wide differences in available financial resources for student aid. Government efforts aimed at reducing the gap in recent years is discussed.

关键词： regional differences higher education financial aid China

Analysis on Chinese regional differences in International Tourism Foreign Exchange Earnings with Method of One-way Variance Analysis

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新丝路(下旬) 2016年第10期 58-61页

作者： Zhang Liuchen Statistics in School of Economics of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics

Based on data over 31 provinces and cities in China from2006 to 2013,this thesis first divides those 31 provinces and cities into four economic regions including northeastern region,central region,eastern region and western *** on data over 31 provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2013,those 31 provinces and cities were devided into four economic regions in this thesis,including northeastern region,central region,eastern region and western ***,it takes international tourism foreign exchange earnings as the dependent variable,the four economic regions as the factor to measure the difference of international tourism foreign exchange earnings in different regions,and finds out the main reasons of *** the one-way variance analysis on international tourism foreign exchange earnings,we can know that international tourism foreign exchange earnings have differences in different regions ***,significant differences can be found between northeastern and central regions as well as eastern and western regions,while it is not the same case between the central and western regions.

关键词： international tourism foreign exchange earnings one-way variance analysis regional differences

Moving towards synergistic reductions on PM_(2.5)and CO_(2)and its mechanism:A case study of Yangtze River Economic Belt,China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第8期34卷 1493-1512页

作者： GU Binjie ZHAO Haixia LI Xin ZHANG Qianqian Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyCASNanjing 210008China Nanjing College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 211135China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)is a pivotal contributor to China's economic growth,particularly as the nation undergoes a green *** synergistic reductions on pollution and carbon emissions is deemed crucial for this *** paper examines the spatial and temporal changes in the synergy of pollution and carbon reduction in the YREB and delves into the underlying *** findings indicate that while the synergy in the YREB is increasing,it manifests disparities across regions,with the lower reaches outperforming the middle and upper *** behavior,government guidance,and regional endowments influence this *** in the YREB must strategically plan their urban scale,curb population overgrowth,recalibrate their industrial structures,curtail energy consumption,and enhance policy *** regions should prioritize various objectives:the lower reaches should hasten scientific advancements and technological innovations;the middle reaches should foster innovation and industrial upgrades;and the upper reaches should prioritize rural and urban land intensification.

关键词： synergistic reduction on PM_(2.5)and CO_(2) influencing mechanism regional differences Yangtze River EconomicBelt