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Studying the Orientations of Luxor Ancient Egyptian Temples Using quickbird images

Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第4期4卷 210-226页

作者： Mosalam Shaitout NRIAG (National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics) Cairo 11421 Egypt

Ancient Egyptians change the orientation of their temples from True East （during the old kingdom） to the Winter Solstice （during the new kingdom）, because of the cultic change from a rather pure solar to a mixed solar religion （R^a to Amfin-R^a）. The traditional methods for measuring the orientations and alignment, the axis of ancient Egyptian constructions like field survey are usually time consuming and costly. Remote sensing techniques are becoming powerful tools for archaeologists in their discovery and exploration ancient sites. Many researchers have considered very high resolution sensors, especially IKONOS with 1.0 m resolution, quickbird with 0.61 m resolution and Geoeye-1 with 0.50 m resolutions as possible substitutes of the classical aerial photos used for multi purposes such as cartographic at large scales. Research objectives is to establish a practical methodology for calculation the orientation of the main axis of the ancient Egyptian temple based on very high resolution quickbird images as alternative for traditional methods. Five sites have been selected to perform our research lies in Luxor city, Egypt： Luxor, Karnak, Hatshepsut, Ramesseum temples and Madinat Habu. Analysis of the obtained results has been done to explain the type of orientation of Luxor temples. Previous archaeologist＇s studies classified the orientation of ancient Egyptians constructions into astronomical orientation （solar, moon and stars） or topographical orientation （Nile direction and hills） or both. A comparative study has been done between the results obtained from traditional methods （field survey and Google Earth images） and from very high resolution quickbird satellite images. From the obtained results, error in the main axis azimuth of Luxor, Karnak, Madinat Habu, Hatshepsut and Ramesseum temples range about minutes of are. One can concluded that using VHR （Very High Resolution） quickbird satellite images in calculation the azimuth of ancient sites is the accurate metho

关键词： Orientations ancient sites quickbird images archaeology VHR satellite images.

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Impacts of Park Landscape Structure on Thermal Environment Using quickbird and Landsat images

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第5期27卷 818-826页

作者： XU Xinliang CAI Hongyan QIAO Zhi WANG Liang JIN Cui GE Yaning WANG Luyao XU Fengjiao State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Urban and Environ-mental Science Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Geography Department College of Sciences Yanbian UniversityYanji 133002China

Urban parks composed mostly of vegetation and water bodies can effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect. Many studies have investigated the cooling effects of urban parks; however, little attention has been given to park landscape structure. Based on landscape metrics, this study has explored the influences of the park landscape structure on its inner thermal environment, taking heavily urbanized Beijing Municipality in China as the study area. Three indices, including the percentage of landscape （PLAND）, landscape shape index （LSI） and aggregation index （AI）, were used to measure the composition and configuration characteristics of the landscape components inside the parks. The indices were calculated for five landscape types being interpreted from quickbird images. Urban thermal conditions were measured using the land surface temperature （LST） derived from Landsat TM images. The results showed that the park LST had a negative relationship with the park size, but no significant relationship was found with park shape. For the park＇s interior landscape, however, the configuration and composition characteristics of the landscape components inside the park explained 70% of the park LST variance. The area percentage of water bodies and the aggregation index of woodland were identified as the key influencing characteristics. In addition, when the composition and configuration characteristics of the park landscape components were separately considered, the configuration characteristics （LSI and A1） explained approximately 54% of the variance in park LST, which was comparable with that explained by the composition characteristics （PLAND）. Thus, this study suggested that an effective and practical way for urban cooling park design is the optimization of spatial configuration of landscape components inside the park.

关键词： urban park urban heat island park cooling effect landscape metrics quickbird images Beijing

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