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Returning to Work during the Coronavirus Disease 2019（COVID-19） Epidemic:Immediate Mental Health and Sleep Status of Chinese Workforce after Strict quarantine Measures in Chongqing,China

Returning to Work during the Coronavirus Disease 2019（COVID...

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中国睡眠研究会第七届西部睡眠医学大会

作者：郝凤仪 Xiaojiang Jiang Wanqiu Tan 重庆两江新区第一人民医院 Department of Neurology Daping HospitalArmy Medical University The China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity Think Tank Institute for Health Innovation and Technology(iHealthtech) National University of Singapore

Background:The uncertainty of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） might lead to fear and perception of occupational risk when returned to work.There has been no research focusing on the mental health of workforce who returned to work during the COVID-19 epidemic.Workers might suffer from posttraumatic stress symptomatology,depression,anxiety,stress and insomnia.Factors affecting mental health of employees who returned to work during the COVID-19 epidemic have not been fully elucidated.The objective of this study was to quantify the immediate psychological effects of a workforce who returned to work during the COVID-19 epidemic after strict quarantine and lockdown.Methods:At the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic,members of the workforce who received the approval to return to work in Chongqing,China was invited to participate in this study.Respondents completed a questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the COVID-19 epidemic and return-to-work along with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised,Depression,Anxiety,Stress Scale-21（DASS-21） and Insomnia Severity Index（ISI）,Results:From 673 valid questionnaires,we found that 10.8% of respondents met the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） after returning to work.The respondents reported a low prevalence of anxiety（3.8%）,depression（3.7%）,stress（1.5%） and insomnia（2.3%） when returning to work during the COVID-19 epidemic.There were no significant differences in the severity of psychiatric symptoms between workers/technicians and executives/managers.More than 95% reported good ventilation in the workplace and wore a face mask as protective measures.Factors that were associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce were the following:marital status such as divorced,separated or widowed,presence of physical symptom and poor physical health,not yet or recently returning to work within a week and viewing return to work as a health hazard.In contrast,personal protection measures including hand hygiene and wearing face masks as well as occupational h

关键词： anxiety COVID-19 coronavirus depression epidemic insomnia occupational health mental health quarantine PTSD stress suicide workers workforce

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The impact of mental health and sleep status on people with and without psychiatric illnesses in Chongqing,China during the peak of2019 coronavirus（COVID-19） outbreak with strict quarantine measures

The impact of mental health and sleep status on people with ...

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中国睡眠研究会第七届西部睡眠医学大会

Objectives This study aimed to assess and compare the immediate stress and psychological impact experienced by people with and without psychiatric illnesses during the peak of 2019 coronavirus（COVID-19）outbreak with strict quarantine measures in Chongqing,China.Methods At the peak of COVID-19 outbreak（February 2020）,76 psychiatric patients and 109 people healthy control subjects completed an online survey that collected information on demographic data,physical symptoms in the past 14 days and a range of psychiatric symptoms,the Impact of Event ScaleRevised（IES-R）.Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scale（DASS-21） and Insomnia Severity Index（ISI）.Groups were matched for age and gender.Results The mean IES-R,DASS-21 anxiety,depression and stress subscale and ISI scores were significantly higher in psychiatric patients than in healthy control subjects.Serious worries about own physical health,anger and impulsivity and strong suicidal ideation were significantly higher in psychiatric patients than in healthy control subjects（p＜0.05）.More than one-third of psychiatric patients might suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） and more than one-quarter of psychiatric patients suffer from moderately severe to severe insomnia.Respondents who reported no change,poor or worse physical health status and had psychiatric illness were significantly associated with higher mean IES-R,DASS depression,anxiety and stress subscale scores and ISI scores（p＜0.05）.Conclusion This pioneer study confirmed increased severity of negative psychological impact on psychiatric patients during the peak of COVID-19 outbreak with strict quarantine measures.Understanding the psychological impact on psychiatric patients during the peak of COVID-19 outbreak has the potential to give further insight into how to improve preparedness and contingency plan for continuing psychiatric care.Prompt and continuous psychiatric intervention is needed for psychiatric patients during infectious disease outbreaks.

关键词： anxiety COVID-19 coronavirus depression epidemic insomnia psychiatric illness quarantine PTSD stress suicide

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谈谈quarantine(隔离)

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语言教育 2003年第8期 29-29页

作者：邹尚操黑龙江省望奎县第一中学 152100

quarantine(隔离)这个词有一个有趣的历史。它来源于意大利的quarantina(40天的一段时间)。14世纪的欧洲流行黑死病(Black Death)时,船只要进入港口时,得等40天才能被允许入港以免造成黑死病的传播。在1609年quarantina进入英语时,变成... 详细信息

quarantine(隔离)这个词有一个有趣的历史。它来源于意大利的quarantina(40天的一段时间)。14世纪的欧洲流行黑死病(Black Death)时,船只要进入港口时,得等40天才能被允许入港以免造成黑死病的传播。在1609年quarantina进入英语时,变成了quarantine。意思也从“特殊的一段时期”变成了“留住某人”。

关键词：黑死病 quarantine

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Young Adult Sleep Health during COVID-19 Pandemic

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Health 2021年第4期13卷 369-377页

作者： Kathy Sexton-Radek Elmhurst University Elmhurst IL USA

Young adults, as a group, have poor quality sleep. While possessing the knowledge of the value of sleep health, young adults often allow their social schedules to encroach upon sleep time. Since March of 2020, the prevalence of COVID-19 reached a rate where quarantine, shelter in place mandates were employed worldwide. The obvious public health necessity of this action, along with the uncertainty with increasing rates of COVID-19 is compounded by distribution issues related to the vaccine. This literature review presents the factors related to young adult sleep followed by psychological consequences of COVID-19 factors. Several studies identify the need to attend to not only the sleep quality needs of young adult sleep but also the increased number of reporting depressed mood. Suggestions for improvement of young adult sleep given the factors of quarantine and uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic are provided.

关键词： Sleep Health COVID-19 quarantine Depression

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Seasonal Effect of Sunlight on COVID-19 among Countries with and without Lock-Downs

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第3期11卷 303-325页

作者： Jose-Luis Sagripanti US Department of Defense (RETIRED) Annapolis Maryland USA

Objective: The main aim of the study was to determine whether COVID-19 epidemiological data reported by countries in different hemispheres correlated with the seasons of the year. Since stay-at-home orders could be a main factor affecting the time individuals spent outdoors, the progression of COVID-19 in countries that mandated the most stringent lock-downs and stay-at-home orders was compared to countries in the same hemisphere that did not order their citizens to remain at home. Methods: Infections attributed to COVID-19 per million inhabitants, deaths per infections × 100, and deaths per million inhabitants from different countries were analyzed utilizing national reports registered in the Johns’ Hopkins database together with the most recent world population data. The null hypothesis (no difference between countries with and without lock-downs) was tested (two tailed test, p Results: The shift of highest infection rates from countries in the northern-towards countries in the southern-hemisphere during early 2020 and the reverse in December of the same year correlates with the seasonal variation in the flux of germicidal sunlight. Mortality rate for the same virus among different countries did not show a seasonal component. COVID-19 infection mortality rate was considerably lower in developing countries of South America (11 of the largest countries) than in several (at least 8) developed European countries. Discussion: COVID-19 resulted in higher infections during winter than in summer. The finding of a seasonal component, correlating the progression of the pandemic with local solar flux, demonstrates that infectious virus in the environment plays a role in the pandemic since direct person-to-person transmission would afford little time for solar inactivation. Similar epidemiological data amongst “locked” and “unlocked” countries demonstrates that lock-downs and similar confining measures had no

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Coronaviruses Global Health Environmental Health quarantine Lock-Down Epidemic Pandemic Virus Inactivation Solar Radiation Seasonal Progression COVID-19 Photobiology

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Fungitoxicity of Methyl Iodide, Sulfuryl Fluoride, and Methyl Bromide to Ceratocystis fagacearum in Red Oak, Maple, Poplar, Birch and Pine Wood

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第2期2卷 268-275页

作者： Kayimbi M. Tubajika Alan V. Barak 不详

The threat of wood-inhabiting fungi to American hardwood forests, lumber industries, and tourism has enormous eco-nomic significance, and the aesthetic and dollar values of properties are potentially disastrous. The efficacy of methyl iodide (MeI) and sulfuryl fluoride (SF) for eradicating wood-inhabiting fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum was assessed in wood blocks of birch, maple, poplar and red pine based on in-vitro experiments. In a series of replicated controlled experiments, wood blocks were inoculated with a 1g macerated mycelium/spores mixture of C. fagacearum and fumigated with 160 and 240 g/m3 of MeI, SF and methyl bromide (MeBr) as control) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Analysis of variance showed that fumigant types, fumigant concentrations, and exposure time as well as their interactions (C x T) had an effect on C. fagacearum recovery on tested wood species. Colonization of birch, maple, red pine, and poplar by C. fagacearum was significantly greater in non-fumigated samples than fumigated samples. C. fagacearum was greatly inhibited by MeI than SF in all wood species tested. Overall, the C x T products of ≤ 4.108 g-h/m3 for MeI and ≤ 8.755 g-h/m3 for SF were not effective in killing the fungus. These results suggest that longer treatment exposure time might achieve the goal of complete eradication of C. fagacearum and imply that MeI performed as well as MeBr in killing the fungus in some wood species by exposure time combination. Overall, MeI was most effective in killing the fungus than SF under the conditions of this study with potential implications for quarantine use.

关键词： Disease Control quarantine Treatment Fumigation Quercus Rubra

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Role Played by Community,Farmers and Government during Eradication and Suppression of Bactrocera dorsalis(Diptera:Tephritidae)in Mopani District Municipality in Limpopo Province,South Africa

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2021年第5期10卷 199-209页

作者： Julie R.Mokwele Ndivhuho G.Khorommbi Juliet R.Moeti Emily N.Munganga JanHendrik Venter Directorate Plant Health Department of AgricultureLand Reform and Rural DevelopmentPrivate Bag X250Pretoria 0001South Africa Directorate Crop Production Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development69 Biccard StPolokwane 0699South Africa

Bactrocera dorsalis syn Bactrocera invadens(Diptera:Tephritidae)(B.dorsalis)is a quarantine pest of Asian origin with host plants such as Mango(Mangifera indica),Guava(Psidium guajava),Citrus(Citrus spp.)and Papaya(Carica papaya).B.dorsalis is considered as a major threat to many countries due to its ability to establish and spread to new areas,the damage it causes to hosts and potential impact on market access.Due to this threat,the DALRRD(Department of Agriculture,Land Reform and Rural Development)placed traps to monitor B.dorsalis in Mopani District Municipality in 2010.The traps were serviced once a month.A single male specimen of B.dorsalis was detected for the first time on 27 April 2012,in the Deerpak area in Mopani District Municipality,of the Limpopo Province,South Africa.Other incursions occurred in Letsitele and Hoedspruit in the same district,in December 2012.Subsequent to the detections,the DALRRD initiated delimiting surveys.A quarantine area was implemented to regulate the removal of host fruits to contain the pest and to initiate an eradication program.The eradication and suppression methods focused on applications of BAT(Bait Application Technique),MAT(Male Annihilation Technique)and orchard sanitation.An integrated approach was followed by involving several role players which included rural communities,farmers,industry organizations,DALRRD and LDARD(Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development).After the initial detection in 2012,B.dorsalis was again detected in Deerpak and Letsitele in 2013,but,not in Hoedspruit.In 2014 however,B.dorsalis was detected in all three areas with higher numbers in summer,with the highest number of 11,953,2,260 and 8 in Deerpak,Hoedspruit and Letsitele,respectively.This increase could have been attributed to the higher than normal rainfall and reduced phytosanitary efforts in some areas by affected parties.The results of this study revealed that B.dorsalis can be successfully eradicated and or suppressed provided that role players work together and invest

关键词： quarantine B.dorsalis eradication suppression government farmers Mopani

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The Only Way to Eradicate COVID-19 Pandemic from the World

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 129-135页

作者： Iraj Salehi-Abari Rheumatology Research Center (RRC) Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran

The novel Coronavirus disease or COVID-19 is a new contagious, dangerous, and deadly viral/immunological systemic disorder with predominantly respiratory features caused by human infection with SARS-CoV-2, which is rapidly spreading from person-to-person all around the world as a pandemic. If the COVID-19 pandemic is not controlled, and then eradicated, it will probably cause the extinction of the human race in the coming years or decades! It shows the fastest multiple genetic mutation for SARS-CoV-2 in the development of the disease. According to the author of this article, an effective vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 will not be made any time soon or may never be made. If it is made, due to the need to use the vaccine several times a year, the staggering cost of vaccine production, its potentially insufficient effect in preventing COVID-19, its possible side effects, and the complexity of its equitable distribution worldwide, it cannot be a significant success in preventing the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the only way to eradicate COVID-19 pandemic is: simultaneous, synchronized, and universal quarantine for at least 40 days for all the people of the planet as staying at home for 99% of them and staying at workplace for another 1%, that because of the need for their key job, they need to be present at work. By applying the COVID-19 Referral System for screening people infected with SARS-CoV-2 and Persian Gulf Criteria for diagnosis of COVID-19, we recommend home isolation for mild cases of COVID-19 and hospitalization in Corona Center for severe cases. Also, along with these, more and more SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests should be performed using highly sensitive kits, and the principles of prevention of becoming infected with the SARS-CoV-2 should be followed carefully and as soon as possible. By applying all the above, success in controlling and suppressing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemics is anticipated.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 quarantine Novel Coronavirus Pandemic Persian Gulf Criteria Referral System

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Impact of Oriental Fruit Fly Postharvest Treatments on Avocado

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 549-560页

作者： Daniel Carrillo Amy Roda Clara Sarmiento Armando Monterroso Xiqui Wei Teresa I. Narvaez Jeff Crawford William Guyton Alan Flinn Don Pybas Woodard D. Bailey Department of Entomology and Nematology Tropical Research and Education Center University of Florida-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Homestead FL USA United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Miami FL USA Brooks Tropicals LLC. Homestead FL USA Avocado Administrative Committee Homestead FL USA

The detection in August 2015 of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Redland area in Miami-Dade County, Florida triggered a quarantine that restricted the movement of fruit fly host material in an approximately 99-square mile (256-square kilometer) area. The quarantine affected 4000 acres of fruit bearing commercial avocado groves. Approved post-harvest treatments for B. dorsalis and avocado included in the USDA Treatment Manual were acceptable for immediate certification and movement of fresh avocados from the quarantine area. However, it was unknown if Florida avocados would meet quality standards (US combination grade) after the treatments. Three post-harvest treatments that combine methyl bromide fumigation and cold storage periods were tested on six avocado varieties from Florida. The treatments differed in the durations of the fumigation and cold treatment periods. A seven day transit period at 8.3°C (47°F) was added to account for the time when the fruit leaves the packing house until it is sold by retailers. None of the six varieties had met the US combination grade after the treatments and transit period. Treated fruit exhibited both internal (pulp) and external (skin) damage. Damage was attributed to the fumigation component of the treatment, but the six varieties tolerated the cold portion of the treatment. Damage by fumigation ranged from 26% - 100%. In general, the longer the fumigation period the worse the effect. The need for alternative post-harvest treatments for Florida avocados is discussed.

关键词： Bactrocera dorsalis Persea americana Postharvest quarantine Fumigation

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Steady State Solution and Stability of an Age-Structured MSIQR Epidemic Model

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Intelligent Information Management 2010年第5期2卷 316-324页

作者： Meihong Qiao Huan Qi Tianhai Tian 不详

The importance of epidemiology in our life has stimulated researchers to extend the classic Susceptibles-Infectives-Removed (SIR) model to sophisticated models by including more factors in order to give detailed transmission dynamics of epidemic diseases. However, the integration of the quarantine policy and age-structure is less addressed. In this work we propose an age-structured MSIQR (temporarily immune-susceptibles-infectives-quarantined-removed) model to study the impact of quarantine policies on the spread of epidemic diseases. Specifically, we investigate the existence of steady state solutions and stability property of the proposed model. The derived explicit expression of the basic reproductive number shows that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if, and that the unique endemic equilibrium exists if. In addition, the stability conditions of the endemic equilibrium are derived.

关键词： Epidemic Model quarantine Age-Structure Basic Reproductive Number Endemic Equilibrium Stability

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