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Characteristics and discovery significance of the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic marine shale oil in qiangtang basin,China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第5期50卷 1105-1119页

作者： SHEN Anjiang FU Xiaodong ZHANG Jianyong WEI Xuebin HU Anping WANG Jian XIONG Shaoyun FU Xiugen XIE Yuan LIU Siqi LI Xi WANG Xin HE Xunyun QIAO Zhanfeng ZHENG Jianfeng DUAN Junmao Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCHangzhou 310023China PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology Hangzhou 310023China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield CompanyDunhuang 736202China qiangtang basin Research Institute Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Civil-military Integration Center of Geological Survey China Geological SurveyChengdu 610036China

Mesozoic marine shale oil was found in the qiangtang basin by a large number of hydrocarbon geological surveys and shallow drilling *** on systematic observation and experimental analysis of outcrop and core samples,the deposition and development conditions and characteristics of marine shale are revealed,the geochemical and reservoir characteristics of marine shale are evaluated,and the layers of marine shale oil in the Mesozoic are *** following geological understandings are ***,there are two sets of marine organic-rich shales,the Lower Jurassic Quse Formation and the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation,in the qiangtang *** are mainly composed of laminated shale with massive *** laminated organic-rich shale of the Quse Formation is located in the lower part of the stratum,with a thickness of 50–75 m,and mainly distributed in southern qiangtang basin and the central-west of northern qiangtang *** laminated organic-rich shale of the Bagong Formation is located in the middle of the stratum,with a thickness of 250–350 m,and distributed in both northern and southern qiangtang ***,the two sets of laminated organic-rich shales develop foliation,and various types of micropores and *** average content of brittle minerals is 70%,implying a high *** average porosity is 5.89%,indicating good reservoir physical properties to the level of moderate–good shale oil ***,the organic-rich shale of the Quse Formation contains organic matters of types II1 and II2,with the average TOC of 8.34%,the average content of chloroform bitumen'A'of 0.66%,the average residual hydrocarbon generation potential(S1+S2)of 29.93 mg/g,and the Ro value of 0.9%–1.3%,meeting the standard of high-quality source *** organic-rich shale of the Bagong Formation contains mixed organic matters,with the TOC of 0.65%–3.10%and the Ro value of 1.17%–1.59%,meeting the standard of moderate source ***,four

关键词： marine shale oil Bagong Formation Upper Triassic Quse Formation Lower Jurassic Biluocuo area Shiyougou area qiangtang basin

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Characteristics of the Upper Jurassic Marine Source Rocks and Prediction of Favorable Source Rock Kitchens in the qiangtang basin, Tibet

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第5期24卷 815-829页

作者：王丽波张业倩蔡俊杰 Guangzhi Han Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Northeast Petroleum University School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences Key Laboratory for Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Abundance Mechanism Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Baker Hughes Drilling SystemRocky Mountain Area Denver CO 80202 USA

This study evaluated the hydrocarbon-bearing potential of Upper Jurassic marine source rocks in the qiangtang （羌塘） basin through a comprehensive organic geochemical analysis of the samples from a large number of outcrops in different structural units to predict the location of favorable hydro- carbon kitchens, based on the evaluation standards of Mesozoic marine source rocks in the qiangtang Ba- sin. Rocks＇ depositional environment, thickness and organic geochemistry feature were analyzed in this study. The principal controlling factors of the occurrences of favorable source rocks were analyzed. Upper Jurassic Suowa （索瓦） Formation source rocks are mainly platform limestone in the Dongcuo （洞错）-Hulu （葫芦） Lake deep sag and Tupocuo （吐坡错）-Baitan （白滩） Lake deep sag. Lithologically, the Suowa Fro- mation is made up of a suite of marls in intra-platform sags, micrites and black shales, which were all de- posited in the closed, deep and static water depositional environment. Marl could form hydrocarbon-rich source rocks and its organic matter type is mainly II type in mature to highly-mature stage, the limestone forms a medium-level source rock. In addition, the favorable source kitchen of limestone is larger than that of mudstone. This study provides an important reference for the evaluation of Jurassic marine source rocks and for prediction of petroleum resources in the qiangtang basin.

关键词： qiangtang basin Upper Jurassic,marine source rock favorable source kitchen.

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Sedimentary Conditions of Evaporites in the Late Jurassic Xiali Formation,qiangtang basin：Evidence from Geochemistry Records

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 156-174页

作者： SONG Chunhui ZENG Yongyao YAN Maodu FANG Xiaomin FENG Ying PAN Jiaqiu LIU Xifang MENG Qingquan HU Chunhua ZHONG Sirui School of Earth Sciences ＆ Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences ＆ Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese of Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Lanzhou Resources ＆ Environment Voc-Tech College Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ＆ Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing 100037 China

The qiangtang basin（QB）, located in the central Tibetan Plateau, is a Jurassic marine basin and one of the most important prospective salt resource belts in China. In recent decades, many outcrops of gypsiferous bed have been found in the Jurassic marine strata in the basin. Salt springs with abnormally high sodium（Na-＋） contents had been identified in the Late Jurassic Xiali Formation（Fm.） in the basin in the last years. However, to date, no potash or halite deposits have been identified in the QB. Gypsum outcrops and salt springs are very important signs in the investigation of halite and potash deposits. Therefore, the Xiali Fm. is a potentially valuable layer to evaluate for the possible presence of halite and potash deposits in the basin. However, few studies have explored the formation conditions of evaporites in the unit. Here, we present detailed geochemical records from the Yanshiping section related to the study of the formation conditions of evaporites in the Xiali Fm. of the QB. Climate proxies based on the obviously increased anion concentrations of SO4（2-） and Cl-- and the significant correlation coefficients of Ca2＋-SO42-（R = 0.985） and Na-＋-Cl--（R = 0.8974） reveal that the upper member of the Xiali Fm.（the upper Xiali Fm.） formed under an arid climate and evolved into the sulfate phase or early chloride phase. Provenance proxies based on the obviously increased K-＋ and Na-＋ ion concentrations and the significant correlation coefficient of Na-＋-Cl--（R = 0.8974） suggest that the upper Xiali Fm. featured optimal provenance conditions for the possible formation of halite deposits. The regression and the semi-closed tidal flat environment in the upper Xiali Fm. were favorable for the formation of potash and halite deposits. The low Mg-（2＋） /Ca-（2＋） values（mean value = 1.82） and significant Na-＋-Cl-- correlation coefficient（R = 0.8974） also suggest that the upper Xiali Fm. is the layer most likely to contain potential halite deposits. In addition, the macr

关键词： Evaporites geochemistry Late Jurassic Xiali Formation qiangtang basin

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The Cretaceous tectonic event in the qiangtang basin and its implications for hydrocarbon accumulation

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Petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 466-471页

作者： Li Yalin Wang Chengshan Li Yongtie Ma Chao Wang Licheng Peng Shaonan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Research Center for Tibetan Plateau Geology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The tectonic event during Cretaceous and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the qiangtang basin is discussed based on zircon U-Pb dating and the study of deformation, thermochronology and hydrocarbon formation. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the tectonic event took place during the Early-Late Cretaceous （125-75Ma）. The event not only established the framework and the styles of structural traps in the basin, but also led to the cessation of the first hydrocarbon formation and the destruction of previous oil pools. The light crude oil in the basin was formed during the second hydrocarbon formation stage in the Cenozoic, and ancient structural traps formed during the Cretaceous event are promising targets for oil and gas exploration.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet plateau qiangtang basin tectonic event Cretaceous hydrocarbon accumulation

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Geological Conditions and Prospect Forecast of Shale Gas Formation in qiangtang basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第2期88卷 598-619页

作者： YU Yuanjiang ZOU Caineng DONG Dazhong WANG Shejiao LI Jianzhong YANG Hua LI Denghua LI Xinjing WANG Yuman HUANG Jinliang PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development

The presence of shale gas has been confirmed in almost every marine shale distribution area in North *** conditions of shale gas in China are the most favorable for marine,organic-rich shale as *** there has been little research focusing on shale gas in qiangtang basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where a lot of Mesozoic marine shale formations *** on the survey results of petroleum geology and comprehensive test analysis data for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,for the first time,this paper discusses characteristics of sedimentary development,thickness distribution,geochemistry,reservoir and burial depth of organic-rich shale,and geological conditions for shale gas formation in qiangtang *** are four sets of marine shale strata in qiangtang basin including Upper Triassic Xiaochaka Formation （T3x）,Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation （J2b）,Xiali Formation （J2x） and Upper Jurassic Suowa Formation （J3s）,the sedimentary types of which are mainly bathyal-basin facies,open platform-platform margin slope facies,lagoon and tidal-fiat facies,as well as delta *** comparing it with the indicators of gas shale in the main ***,it was found that the four marine shale formations in qiangtang basin constitute a multi-layer distribution of organic-rich shale,featuring a high degree of thickness and low abundance of organic matter,high thermal evolution maturity,many kinds of brittle minerals,an equivalent content of quartz and clay minerals,a high content of feldspar and low porosity,which provide basic conditions for an accumulation of shale gas *** Formation shale is widely distributed,with big thickness and the best gas generating *** is the main gas source *** Formation shale is of intermediate thickness and coverage area,with relatively good gas generating indicators and moderate gas formation *** Formation shale and Suowa Formation shale are of relatively large thickness,and covering a small area,with p

关键词： Shale gas marine shale geological characteristics geological conditions for gas formation resources prospect forecast qiangtang basin

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Apatite Fission Track Evidence of Uplift Cooling in the qiangtang basin and Constraints on the Tibetan Plateau Uplift

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第2期89卷 467-484页

作者： REN Zhanli CUI Junping LIU Chiyang LI Tiejun CHEN Gang DOU Shuang TIAN Tao LUO Yating State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest University Department of Geology Northwest University Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Production SINOPEC

The qiangtang basin is located in the central Tibetan Plateau. This basin has an important structural position,and further study of its tectonic and thermal histories has great significance for understanding the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and the hydrocarbon potential of marine carbonates in the basin. This study focuses on low temperature thermochronology and in particular conducted apatite fission track analysis. Under constraints provided by the geological background,the thermal history in different tectonic units is characterized by the degree of annealing of samples,and the timing of major(uplift-erosion related) cooling episodes is inferred. The cooling history in the qiangtang basin can be divided into two distinct episodes. The first stage is mainly from the late Early Cretaceous to the Late Cretaceous(69.8 Ma to 108.7 Ma),while the second is mainly from the MiddleLate Eocene to the late Miocene(10.3 Ma to 44.4 Ma). The first cooling episode records the uplift of strata in the central qiangtang basin caused by continued convergent extrusion after the BangongNujiang ocean closed. The second episode can be further divided into three periods,which are respectively 10.3 Ma,22.6–26.1 Ma and 30.8–44.4 Ma. The late Oligocene-early Miocene(22.6–26.1 Ma) is the main cooling period. The distribution and times of the earlier uplift-related cooling show that the effect of extrusion after the collision between Eurasian plate and India plate obviously influenced the qiangtang basin at 44.4 Ma. The qiangtang basin underwent compression and started to be uplifted from the middle-late Eocene to the early Oligocene(45.0–30.8 Ma). Subsequently,a large-scale and intensive uplift process occurred during the late Oligocene to early Miocene(26.1–22.6 Ma) and the basin continued to undergo compression and uplift up to the late Miocene(10.3 Ma). Thus,uplift-erosion in the qiangtang basin was intensive from 44.5 Ma to about 10 Ma. The timing of cooling in the second episode sho

关键词： fission track analysis annealing uplift-cooling thermal history qiangtang basin Tibetan Plateau

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Paleoclimate evolution and aridification mechanism of the eastern Tethys during the Callovian–Oxfordian: evidence from geochemical records of the qiangtang basin, Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第2期40卷 199-211页

作者： Yongyao Zeng Lei Gao Wenqing Zhao Lanzhou Resources and Environment Voc-Tech College Lanzhou 730000China

Global climate during the Jurassic has been commonly described as a uniform greenhouse climate for a long ***,the climate scenario of a cool episode during the Callovian-Oxfordian transition following by a warming trend during the Oxfordian(163.53 to157.4 Ma)is documented in many localities of the western *** is still unclear if a correlatable climate scenario also occurred in the eastern Tethys during the same time *** this study,a detailed geochemical analysis on the 1060 m thick successions(the Xiali and Suowa formations)from the Yanshiping section of the qiangtang basin,located in the eastern Tethys margin during the Callovian-Oxfordian periods,was *** reveal the climate evolution of the basin,carbonate content and soluble salt concentrations(SO_(4)^(2-),Cl^(-))were chosen as climatic *** results show that the overall climate patterns during the deposition of the Xiali and Suowa formations can be divided into three stages:relatively humid(164.0 to 160.9 Ma),dry(160.9 to159.6 Ma),semi-dry(159.6 to 156.8 Ma).A similar warming climate scenario also occurred in eastern Tethys during the Callovian-Oxfordian transition(160.9 to159.6 Ma).Besides,we clarify that the Jurassic True polar wander(TPW),the motion of the lithosphere and mantle with respect to Earth’s spin axis,inducing climatic shifts were responsible for the aridification of the qiangtang basin during the Callovian-Oxfordian transition with a review of the paleolatitude of the Xiali formation(19.7+2.8/-2.6°N)and the Suowa formation(20.7+4.1/-3.7°N).It is because the TPW rotations shifted the East Asia blocks(the North and South China,qiangtang,and Qaidam blocks)from the humid zone to the tropical/subtropical arid zone and triggered the remarkable aridification during the Middle-Late Jurassic(ca.165-155 Ma).

关键词： qiangtang basin The Callovian–Oxfordian Geochemistry Paleolatitude Paleoclimate

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Structural Characteristics of the Basement beneath qiangtang basin in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Results of Interaction Interpretation from Seismic Reflection/Refraction Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 358-377页

作者： LI Qiusheng GAO Rui FENG Shaoying LU Zhanwu HOU Hesheng GUAN Ye LI Pengwu WANG Haiyan YE Zhuo XIONG Xiaosong LIU Jinkai HE Rizheng Institute of Geology CAGS Earthprobe and Geodynamics Open Laboratory of CAGS The Geophysical Exploration center CEA East China Petroleum Geology Bureau China Petrochemical Corporation

The studies on configuration, character/property of the basement of qiangtang basin is helpful for evaluating petroleum and nature gas resources as well as understanding the basin evolvement. Recently a moderate to high-grade metamorphic gneiss rock was found underlying beneath very low metamorphic Ordovician strata in Mayer Kangri to the north of the central uplift. That fact actually proved existence of the crystalline basement just the distribution and structures of pre-Paleozoic crystalline basement still remain puzzle. In recent years a number of active sources deep seismic profiling, to aim at lithospheric structure of northern Tibet and petroleum resources of the qiangtang basin, had been conducted that make it possible to image the structure of the basement of the qiangtang. Near vertical reflection profiles, included those acquired previously and those during 2004 to 2008, have been utilized in this study. By through the interaction process and interpretation between the reflection profiles and the wide-angle profile, a model with the detailed structure and velocity distribution from surface to the depth of 20 km of qiangtang basin has been *** on the results and discussions of this study, the preliminary conclusions are as follows：（1） The velocity structure section （~20 kin） that is interactively constrained by the refraction and reflection seismic data reveals that the sedimentary stratum gently lie until 10 km in the south qiangtang basin. （2） The basement consists of fold basement （the upper） and crystalline basement （the lower）.The fold basement buried at the average depth of 6 km with a velocity of 5.2-5.8 km/s. The shallowest appear at range of the central uplift. The crystalline basement is underlying beneath the fold basement at the average depth of 10 km with a velocity of 5.9-6.0 km/s except near Bangong-Nujiang suture. （3） The high-velocity body at the depth range of 3-6 km of the central uplift is considered as a fragment of the cryst

关键词： seismic reflection seismic refraction basement structure qiangtang basin Qinghai-TibetPlateau

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Conditions of Petroleum Geology of the qiangtang basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第3期74卷 661-665页

作者： ZHAO Zhengzhang LI Yongtie China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC) LiupukangBeijing 100724 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing 100083

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau located in the Tethyan tectonic domain is the best developed region of Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine sediments in China. The qiangtang basin is the biggest and relatively stable area of the plateau. Triassic and Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks are extensively distributed in the basin. There exist good dolomite and organic reef reservoirs and mudstone and evaporite cap rocks, as well as well-developed structural traps in the basin; in addition destroyed petroleum traps have been discovered. Therefore, the conditions of petroleum geology in the qiangtang basin are excellent

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau qiangtang basin conditions of petroleum geology

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An Investigation of Deep Electrical Structure of qiangtang basin,Xizang(Tibet),China

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Journal of Earth Science 1995年第2期14卷 92-96页

作者： Zhang Shengye Wei Sheng Wang JiayingDepartment of Applied Geophysics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074Zhang Xianjue5th Geophysical Prospecting Team of Central South Bureau of Petroleum Geology , Ministry oj Geology and Mineral Resources, X

In order to study the deep geoelectrical structure and the regional geological structure and detect potential oil and gas areas in qiangtang basin in northern Xizang (Tibet ), 222 MT soundings were conducted along three N - S MT profiles across the basin .The MT results indicate that the south and north parts of the qiangtang basin have a good contrast in the deep electri cal structure . In the south qiangtang , there are generally two high conductivity layers in the crust . The first is at a depth of about 10 - 25 km and possesses a resistivity of about 10 - 80 Ωm .The second ,the high conductivity layer in the lower crust ,is at a depth of about 40 - 70 km with 3 - 50 Ωm .In the north qiangtang .there is generally one high conductivity layer .It is at a depth of about 10 - 30 km and the resistivity is about 1-60 Ωm . The thickness of the second high conductivity layer in both the south qiangtang and the Bangong-Nujiang suture is much greater than that of the first .The thickness of the lithosphere is about 110-120 km for the Bangong-Nujiang suture ,115 km for the south qiangtang and 100-130 km for the north qiangtang . On the difference of the deep electrical structures of the crust between the south and the north qiangtang , we believe that it is related to the eastward flow of the crustal substance .

关键词： MT profile qiangtang basin deep electrical structure crust and upper man-tle high conductivity layer .

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