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A review on co-Pyrolysis of agriculture biomass and disposable medical face mask waste for green fuel production:recent advances and thermo-kinetic models

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化学科学与工程前沿:英文版 2023年第9期17卷 1141-1161页

作者： Melvin X.J.Wee Bridgid L.F.Chin Agus Saptoro Chung L.Yiin Jiuan J.Chew Jaka Sunarso Suzana Yusup Abhishek Sharma Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University MalaysiaCDT 250Miri 98009Malaysia Energy and Environment Research Cluster Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University MalaysiaCDT 250Miri 98009Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS)Kota Samarahan 94300Malaysia Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy(ISuRE) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS)Kota Samarahan 94300Malaysia Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies Faculty of EngineeringComputing and ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyKuching 93350Malaysia Generation Unit(Fuel Technology&Combustion) Tenaga Nasional Berhad(TNB)Research Sdn BhdKajang 43000Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Manipal University JaipurJaipur 303007India Chemical&Environmental Engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3000Australia

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is blessed with agricultural resources,and with the growing population,it will continue to prosper,which follows the abundance of agricultural biomass.Lignocellulosic biomass attracted researchers’interest in extracting bio-oil from these wastes.However,the resulting bio-oil has low heating values and undesirable physical properties.Hence,co-Pyrolysis with plastic or polymer wastes is adopted to improve the yield and quality of the bio-oil.Furthermore,with the spread of the novel coronavirus,the surge of single-use plastic waste such as disposable medical face mask,can potentially set back the previous plastic waste reduction measures.Therefore,studies of existing technologies and techniques are referred in exploring the potential of disposable medical face mask waste as a candidate for co-Pyrolysis with biomass.Process parameters,utilisation of catalysts and technologies are key factors in improving and optimising the process to achieve commercial standard of liquid fuel.Catalytic coPyrolysis involves a series of complex mechanisms,which cannot be explained using simple iso-conversional models.Hence,advanced conversional models are introduced,followed by the evolutionary models and predictive models,which can solve the non-linear catalytic coPyrolysis reaction kinetics.The outlook and challenges for the topic are discussed in detail.

关键词： biomass COVID-19 wast catalyst Pyrolysis kinetics

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Pyrolysis Empirical Modeling of Polyester Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics Using Sestak-Berggren Model Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 725-738页

作者： NAN Wei JI Wenhui YUAN Yanping YUAN Zhongyuan SUN Yong School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. LtdChangchun130062China

Polyester Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic(Polyester GFRP),a thermosetting plastic comprised of glass fiber and polyester polymer compounds,is extensively utilized in high-speed trains.Unraveling its Pyrolysis mechanism is crucial as it significantly influences the combustion characteristics and fire safety aspects.Currently,kinetic research on polyester GFRP primarily focuses on employing the Coats-Redfern method to derive a theoretical kinetic model.However,the Pyrolysis process of polyester GFRP is complex and the aforementioned theoretical model fails to accurately describe the Pyrolysis mechanism.Therefore,this study seeks to utilize the Sestak and Berggren(SB) model as a methodological approach to reveal the complex reaction mechanism during the Pyrolysis process.Based on thermogravimetric analysis,the entire Pyrolysis process of polyester GFRP is divided into two primary stages.Furthermore,model-free methods are employed to ascertain the activation energy and pre-exponential factor.The results show that the fitted empirical models of the two main Pyrolysis stages are f(α)=(1-α)^(1.47)[-ln(1-α)]^(1.50) and f(α)=(1-α)^(1.77)[-ln(1-α)]^(1.72),respectively.The predicted results are in good agreement with experimental data under different heating rates,which indicates that the empirical model can sufficiently describe the Pyrolysis process of polyester GFRP.

关键词： polyester GFRP model-fitting methods empirical models Pyrolysis

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Relationship between hydrogenation degree and Pyrolysis performance of jet fuel

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第4期68卷 35-42页

作者： Liu, Qing Jia, Tinghao Pan, Lun Zou, Ji-Jun Zhang, Xiangwen Tianjin Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol Key Lab Green Chem & Technol Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Haihe Lab Sustainable Chem Transformat Tianjin 300192 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Zhejiang Inst Ningbo 315201 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Chem & Biol Engn Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Adv Chem Engn Manufacture Te Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

Understanding the relationship between the chemical composition and Pyrolysis performance of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel (EHF) is of great significance for the design and optimization of advanced EHFs. In this work, the effect of deep hydrogenation on the Pyrolysis of commercial RP-3 is investigated. Fuels with different hydrogenation degrees were obtained by the partially and completely catalytic hydrogenation and their Pyrolysis performances were investigated using an apparatus equipped with an electrically heated tubular reactor. The results show that with the increase of hydrogenation degree, fuel conversion almost remains constant during the Pyrolysis process (500-650 degrees C, 4 MPa); however, the heat sink increases slightly, and the anti-coking performance significantly improves, which are highly related to their H/C ratios. Detailed characterisations reveal that the difference of the Pyrolysis performance can be ascribed to the content of aromatics and cycloalkanes: the former are prone to initiate secondary reactions to form coking precursors, while the latter could act as the hydrogen donor and release hydrogen, which will terminate the radical propagation reactions and suppress the coke deposition. This work should provide the guidance for upgrading EHFs by modulating the composition of EHFs. (c) 2024 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fuel Pyrolysis Hydrogenation Deposition ANTI-COKING PERFORMANCE THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS MODEL COMPOUNDS CATALYSTS DODECANE ALKANES

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Cross-upgrading of biomass hydrothermal carbonization and Pyrolysis for high quality blast furnace injection fuel production:Physicochemical characteristics and gasification kinetics analysis

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第2期31卷 268-281页

作者： Han Dang Runsheng Xu Jianliang Zhang Mingyong Wang Jinhua Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia

The paper proposes a biomass cross-upgrading process that combines hydrothermal carbonization and Pyrolysis to produce high-quality blast furnace injection fuel.The results showed that after upgrading,the volatile content of biochar ranged from 16.19%to 45.35%,and the alkali metal content,ash content,and specific surface area were significantly reduced.The optimal route for biochar pro-duction is hydrothermal carbonization-Pyrolysis(P-HC),resulting in biochar with a higher calorific value,C=C structure,and increased graphitization degree.The apparent activation energy(E)of the sample ranges from 199.1 to 324.8 kJ/mol,with P-HC having an E of 277.8 kJ/mol,lower than that of raw biomass,primary biochar,and anthracite.This makes P-HC more suitable for blast furnace injection fuel.Additionally,the paper proposes a path for P-HC injection in blast furnaces and calculates potential environmental benefits.P-HC of-fers the highest potential for carbon emission reduction,capable of reducing emissions by 96.04 kg/t when replacing 40wt%coal injec-tion.

关键词： blast furnace injection biomass cross-upgrading hydrothermal carbonization Pyrolysis physicochemical properties gasific-ation properties

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Synergistic reaction behavior of Pyrolysis and reduction of briquette prepared by weakly caking coal and metallurgical dust

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2023年第7期30卷 1367-1380页

作者： Zheng-jian Liu Ming-hui Cao Jian-liang Zhang Run-sheng Xu Yao-zu Wang Ji-yong Yu Yu-chen Zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Co-carbonization of weakly caking coal and zinc-containing dust to prepare highly reactive ferro-coke and collaboratively recover zinc powder is one of the feasible ways for steel enterprises to recycle zinc-containing dust.The Pyrolysis mass loss behavior of adding blast furnace dust with different zinc contents to different ferro-coke materials was systematically studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry analysis,and the kinetic mechanism of Pyrolysis-reduction reaction of hybrid briquette was explored.The results of thermogravimetric curve analysis show that the addition of zinc oxide to the sample has no significant effect on the mass loss rate of the sample below 580℃,and the Pyrolysis mass loss of zinc oxide mainly occurs between 800 and 1000℃.Kinetic analysis results show that the Pyrolysis of zinc-containing samples is controlled by chemical reactions below 580℃.The reaction at 580–700℃ is controlled by the nucleation and growth model,and that above 700℃ is mainly controlled by diffusion.The results of X-ray diffraction analysis show that the Pyrolysis process can effectively remove zinc oxide from ferro-coke.

关键词： Zinc-containing dust Weakly caking coal Ferro-coke Pyrolysis Reduction Thermal reaction analysis Kinetic analysis

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Analysis of the Pyrolysis of Solid Recovered Fuel and Its Sorted Components by using TG-FTIR and DAEM

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第4期32卷 1671-1683页

作者： WU Lei JIANG Xuguang LV Guojun LI Xiaodong YAN Jianhua State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Currently,waste disposal has been highlighted strategically all over the world.Solid recovered fuel(SRF)with a high calorific value is manufactured from municipal solid waste(MSW).Thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(TG-FTIR)and distributed activation energy model(DAEM)were utilized to study the Pyrolysis of the individual components and their mixture(i.e.SRF),which were obtained from a MSW incineration power plant.The best operating conditions were defined by comparing the effect of heating rates and flow rates of sweep gas.The gaseous products and functional groups in the Pyrolysis of each component and their mixture were researched.Additionally,a direct search method was presented to obtain the DAEM kinetic parameters.DAEM equations for volatile products were given to describe Pyrolysis of SRF.The model prediction results are consistent with the experimental results.The kinetic data will provide a basis for gas composition regulation from theoretical modeling.

关键词： solid recovered fuel Pyrolysis TG-FTIR DAEM

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Pyrolytic gas analysis and evaluation from thermal plasma Pyrolysis of simulated oil-based drill cuttings

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 367-382页

作者： Zhuofan Zhai Junhu Zhou Jinlong Wu Jianzhong Liu Weijuan Yang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027ZhejiangChina

Oil-based drill cuttings(OBDCs)are hazardous wastes generated during shale gas exploration,and the rapid,efficient and safe disposal methods for OBDCs have attracted the attention of many researchers.Plasma Pyrolysis technology is widely used in solid waste treatment due to its extremely high temperature and reaction activity.A laboratory-scale thermal plasma Pyrolysis system was built to investigate the plasma Pyrolysis mechanism of simulated OBDCs.The thermal decomposition characteristics of OBDCs were studied by thermogravimetric-derivative thermo gravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DTG-DSC)analysis in the range of 50–1300℃.The thermal decomposition process of OBDCs was divided into the following four stages:evaporation of water and light oil,evaporation and decomposition of heavy oil,carbonate decomposition,and phase change reaction from solid to liquid.The effects of the oil ratio,water content,and water/oil(W/O)ratio of OBDCs on the composition and gas selectivity of pyrolytic gas were investigated.The results show that thermal plasma can crack the mineral oil in the OBDCs into clean gases such as H_(2),CO and C_(2)H_(2),while water can promote the decomposition of the heavy oil molecules and enhance the H_(2)production.The energy consumption model calculation for the Pyrolysis and melting of OBDCs shows that the highest energy utilization and the lowest molar energy consumption of H_(2)were achieved at a W/O ratio of 1:4.Based on the thermal plasma Pyrolysis system used in this study,the commercial application prospects and economic benefits of the plasma Pyrolysis of OBDCs were discussed.

关键词： Oil-based drill cuttings Plasma Pyrolysis Hydrogen Energy consumption

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Insight into the key kinetic steps in the Pyrolysis of coking and non-coking coals,characterization of the Pyrolysis products

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第2期10卷 169-180页

作者： P.N.Kuznetsov O.Yu.Fetisova L.I.Kuznetsova B.Avid B.Purevsuren Institute of Petroleum and Gas Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS Federal Research Center"Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS"KrasnoyarskRussia Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Mongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatarMongolia

The chemical composition,structural and plastometric properties of different-ranked coals from Mongolia deposits were studied.The non-isothermal iso-conversion Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Friedman model-free methods were used to assess kinetic parameters and to differentiate decomposition steps.Key peculiarities of the Pyrolysis kinetics of brown and bituminous coals were revealed and discussed in terms of the composition and plastometric properties.Brown coal was shown to undergo three decomposition steps with ever increasing activation energy as temperature increased because of the decomposition of thermally more and more stable molecular fragments.The Pyrolysis of bituminous coals occurred in four steps,the activation energy having extreme mode of temperature dependence.An important new finding was that the temperature range of the second,major Pyrolysis step well corresponded to that between the softening and re-solidification temperatures according to Gieseler plastometry.The yield and composition of the Pyrolysis products obtained under isothermal conditions were also characterized depending on coal rank and temperature,and the ways for qualified utilizations were offered.

关键词： Coal Pyrolysis Thermogravimetry Plastometry Activation energy

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A comparative single-pulse shock tube experiment and kinetic modeling study on Pyrolysis of cyclohexane,methylcyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第2期20卷 137-148页

作者： Jin-hu Liang Shu-tong Cao Fei Li Xiao-liang Li Rui-ning He Xin Bai Quan-De Wang Yang Li School of Environmental and Safety Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051People's Republic of China Science and Technology on Combustion Internal Flow and Thermostructure LaboratorySchool of AstronauticsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072People's Republic of China Low Carbon Energy Institute and School of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221008People's Republic of China

The Pyrolysis of cyclohexane,methylcyclohexane,and ethylcyclohexane have been studied behind reflected shock waves at pressures of 5 and10 bar and at temperatures of 930-1550 K for 0.05%fuel diluted by Argon.A single-pulse shock tube(SPST)is used to perform the Pyrolysis experiments at reaction times varying from 1.65 to 1.74 ms.Major products are obtained and quantified using gas chromatography analysis.A flame ionization detector and a thermal conductivity detector are used for species identification and quantification.Kinetic modeling has been performed using several detailed and lumped chemical kinetic mechanisms.Differences in modeling results among the kinetic models are described.Reaction path analysis and sensitivity analysis are performed to determine the important reactions controlling fuel Pyrolysis and their influence on the predicted concentrations of reactant and product species profiles.The present work provides new fundamental knowledge in understating Pyrolysis characteristics of cyclohexane compounds and additional data set for detailed kinetic mechanism development.

关键词： Cyclohexane Alkylated cyclohexane Single-pulse shock tube Pyrolysis Kinetic modeling

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Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the Pyrolysis of benzothiophene

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第3期17卷 334-346页

作者： Ji Liu Shuang-Wei Yang Wei Zhao Yu-Long Wu Bin Hu Si-Han Hu Shan-Wei Ma Qiang Lu National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Suzhou Institute of North China Electric Power University Suzhou 215000China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi City 830046China

The release and control of sulfur species in the Pyrolysis of fossil fuels and solid wastes have attracted attention worldwide.Particularly,thiophene derivatives are important intermediates for the sulfur gas release from organic sulfur,but the underlying migration mechanisms remain unclear.Herein,the mechanism of sulfur migration during the release of sulfur-containing radicals in benzothiophene Pyrolysis was explored through quantum chemistry modeling.The C_(1)-to-C_(2)H-transfer has the lowest energy barrier of 269.9 kJ·mol-1 and the highest rate constant at low temperatures,while the elevated temperature is beneficial for C−S bond homolysis.2-Ethynylbenzenethiol is the key intermediate for the formation of S and SH radicals with the overall energy barriers of 408.0 and 498.7 kJ·mol-1 in favorable pathways.The generation of CS radicals is relatively difficult because of the high energy barrier(551.8 kJ·mol-1).However,it can be significantly promoted by high temperatures,where the rate constant exceeds that for S radical generation above 930°C.Consequently,the strong competitiveness of S and SH radicals results in abundant H2 S during benzothiophene Pyrolysis,and the high temperature is more beneficial for CS2 generation from CS radicals.This study lays a foundation for elucidating sulfur migration mechanisms and furthering the development of Pyrolysis techniques.

关键词： benzothiophene sulfur migration Pyrolysis density functional theory

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