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Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Banquan pull-apart basin and implications for late Cenozoic dextral strike-slip movement of the Tanlu Fault Zone

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第4期66卷 797-820页

作者： Peng SHU Xiwei XU Shaoying FENG Baojin LIU Kang LI Paul TAPPONNIER Xiaojuan DENG Guihua CHEN Nuan XIA Hongtai XU Jingjing QIN Fubing HE Yan MA Rongzhang ZHENG State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China Anhui Earthquake Agency Hefei 230031China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory Anhui Earthquake AgencyMengcheng 233500China National Institute of Natural Hazard Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100085China Geophysical Exploration Center China Earthquake AdministrationZhengzhou 450002China Seismic Hazard Mitigation Center of Shandong Province(Engineering Seismology Research Center of Shandong Province) Ji’nan 250014China Beijing Institute of Geological Survey Beijing 100195China

The Banquan basin is a pull-apart basin with the largest scale and the most prominent structure due to dextral slip of the Tanlu Fault Zone(TLFZ) in late Cenozoic. The depositional history of the basin records the start time and evolution of the right-lateral strike-slip movement of the TLFZ. This paper studies the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Banquan basin by seismic reflection exploration, borehole detection and cosmogenic nuclide chronology. We analyze the coupling relationship between the pull-apart basin and the strike-slip fault and discuss the start time and tectonic significance of the right-lateral strikeslip of the TLFZ. Our study indicates that the Banquan basin has undergone three evolutionary stages: weak rifting during the pre-pull-apart period, strong extension during the syn-pull-apart period and subsidence during the post-pull-apart period. This implies that the TLFZ, which controls the evolution of the basin, experienced an evolutionary process of weak activity,intensified activity and migration of activity toward the central basin. The sedimentary filling of the basin has strong response to the episodic pull-apart and extension of the basin. Lying upon the basement of the basin, a thin layer of Miocene mudstone slowly accumulated due to local rifting before the strong pull-apart event. Along with the dextral slipping and pull-apart process, the basin was filled with alluvial fan facies, fluvial facies and floodplain facies strata from bottom to top. The latest tectonic movement of the TLFZ in the North China Block in late Cenozoic was dominated by episodic dextral strike-slip motion, and this deformation pattern started at 4.01±1.27 Ma. The latest tectonic deformation in North China since late Cenozoic was governed by eastward extrusion and tectonic orogenesis of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since late Miocene. The eastward thrusting of the Liupanshan fault zone and sinistral shearing of the Qinling fault zone led

关键词： Banquan basin Strike-slip movement pull-apart basin Tanlu Fault Zone North China Plain Start time

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The formation and evolution of the Qiaojia pull-apart basin,North Xiaojiang Fault Zone,Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第6期13卷 1096-1106页

作者： LI Tian-tao PEI Xiang-jun HUANG Run-qiu JIN Long-de State key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 61oo59China Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta 30332GeorgiaUSA

Sedimentary sequences with drastic thickening over short distances have been observed in Qiaojia County,Yunnan Province,Southwest *** are related to a pull-apart basin controlled by the Xiaojiang strike-slip *** field investigations include determining the surface characteristics of the Qiaojia basin which consists of three terrace sequences and a series of alluvial *** drill holes were used to reveal the internal structure of the *** results suggest that the basinal sediments are over 300 m *** bottom to top,they can be classified into five different *** inferred that the units of lacustrine sediments are deposited in a paleolake which was formed by a *** mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating(AMS ^(14)C dating) was used to estimate the ages of the terrace and lacustrine *** use the results to infer that the paleo-lake has existed about 15,000 years and that the Qiaojia basin was uplifted at an average rate of 3.3 mm/***,we then model the evolution process of the basin and interpreted 6 phases of development.

关键词： pull-apart basin Xiaojiang fault Strike-slip Evolution Terrace Dammed lake

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Analysis of a pull-apart basin and Its Associated Fractures in the Woodford Shale, Central Oklahoma

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Open Journal of Geology 2023年第4期13卷 276-286页

作者： Rulang Wang Feng Qin Nianfa Yang Yun Zhou State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Beijing China Zhejiang Mercantile Exchange Zhoushan China Exploration and Development Research Institute Shengli Oilfield Company SINOPEC Dongying China

pull-apart basins are faulting and folding zones with high intensity of fractures that strongly affect the production in unconventional shale gas. While most observations of pull-apart basins were from surface mapping or laboratory experiments, we investigated a nascent pull-apart basin in the subsurface. We characterized a nascent pull-apart basin along the strike-slip fault within the Woodford Shale by using seismic attributes analyses, including coherence, dip-azimuth, and curvature. The results indicate a 32 km long, N-S striking strike-slip fault that displays a distinct but young pull-apart basin, which is ~1.6 km by 3.2 km in size and is bounded by two quasi-circular faults. The curvature attribute map reveals two quasi-circular folds, which depart from the main strike-slip fault at ~25°, resulting in an elliptical basin. Inside the basin, a series of echelon quasi-circular normal faults step into the bottom of the basin with ~80 m of total subsidence. We propose that the controls of the shape of pull-apart basin are the brittleness of the shale, and we suggest proper seismic attributes as a useful tool for investigating high fracture intensity in the subsurface for hydrofracturing and horizontal drilling within the shale.

关键词： pull-apart basin Seismic Attributes Analog Model Fractures Shale Gas

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Crustal Structure beneath Yinggehai basin and Adjacent Hainan Island, and Its Tectonic Implications

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第1期20卷 13-26页

作者：吴世敏丘学林周蒂曾刚平夏戡原叶三余 Key Laborotary of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301 China Hainan Branch of State Seismological Bureau Haikou 570203 China NedreToppenhaug 100 N-1353 Brums Verk Norway

Two NE-SW trending wide-angle seismic profiles were surveyed across the Chinese side of the Yinggehai （莺歌海） basin （YGHB） with ocean bottom hydrophones （OBHs） and piggyback recorded by onshore stations located on the Hainan （海南） Island. Detailed velocity-depth models were obtained through traveltime modeling and partially constrained by amplitude calculations. More than 15 km Tertiary sedimentary infill within the YGHB can be divided in to three layers with distinct velocity-depth distribution. Overall, the upper layer has a high velocity gradient with 3.8--4.1 km/s at its bottom, consistent with progressive compaction and diagenesis. Its thickness increases gradually towards the basin center, reaching 4.5 km along the southern profile. The middle layer is characterized in its most part as a pronounced low velocity zone （LVZ） with average velocity as low as 3.0 km/s. Its thickness increases from 3.0 to over 4.5 km from NW towards SE. The primary causes of the velocity inversion are high accumulation rate and subsequent under-compaction of sediments. The velocity at the top of the lower layer is estimated at about 4.5 km/s. Despite strong energy source used （4 × 12L airgun array）, no reflections can be observed from deeper levels within the basin. Towards NE the basin is bounded sharply by a clear and deep basement fault （Fault No. 1）, which seems to cut through the entire crust. A typical continental crust with low-velocity middle crust is found beneath the coast of the western Hainan Island. Its thickness is determined to be 28 km and shows no sign of crustal thinning towards the basin. The sharp change in crustal structure across Fault No. 1 indicates that the fault is a strike-slip fault. The crustal structure obtained in this study clearly favors the hypothesis that the YGHB is a narrow pull-apart basin formed by strike-slip faulting of the Red River fault zone.

关键词： crustal structure strike-slip fault pull-apart basin Yinggehai South China Sea

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Structural and Tectonic Evolution of El-Faiyum Depression,North Western Desert,Egypt Based on Analysis of Landsat ETM+,and SRTM Data

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第1期22卷 75-100页

作者： Timothy M Kusky Talaat M Ramadan Mahmoud M Hassaan Safwat Gabr Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences The Geological Applications and Mineral Resources Division National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS) Cairo Egypt

False color Landsat ETM＋（bands 7, 4, 2 in RGB） and SRTM images of the EI-Faiyum depression, Egypt, highlights major NE-SW faults and other lineaments trending NW-SE and N-S. Airborne magnetic data reveal some E-W subsurface faults which are not recognized on Landsat ETM＋ and SRTM images. Ratio images （5/7, 3/1, 4/3） and （5/7, 5/1, 4） were used for lithological discrimination of different rock types. The EI-Faiyum area is occupied by sedimentary rocks of Middle Eocene, Upper Eocene, Oligocene, Lower Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene. Understanding the structural regime of EI-Faiyum depression in the Western Desert of Egypt is significant in relation to the neotectonics of the Nile Delta and to the development of new communities west of the delta. The area is covered by Late Cretaceous, Middle to Late Eocene deposits, Oligocene deposits （comprising fluviatile sediments and basalt sheets） and Pliocene and Quaternary alluvium and sand deposits. New geological and structural maps were prepared at a scale of 1 ： 100 000 using Landsat ETM＋ and SRTM images coupled with extensive field work. The major structural trends are E-W, ENE, NS and NW--the same trends observed elsewhere in North Africa from NW Sudan to NE Egypt including north and central Sinai. EI-Faiyum depression is a structurally-controlled tectonic basin, marked by northeast-striking faults along its northern margin. These faults are parallel to similar faults of the Syrian arc fold belt, which includes a group of related faults, folds, push-up structures, and basins. Qarun Lake is located in the northern part of EI-Faiyum depression, at a right-step between two strands of the NE striking fault system. We have suggested elsewhere that EI-Faiyum depression is a pull-apart basin related to extension between these mismatched strands of strike-slip faults. The E-W structures are probably related to the relative motion between south Europe and north Egypt and closure of the Neotethys. The continuation of t

关键词： Egypt EI-Faiyum Syrian arc fold belt pull-apart basin Western Desert of Egypt.

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Tectonic Landform of Quaternary Lakes and Its Implications for Deformation in the Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第1期83卷 121-129页

作者： WANG An WANG Guocan LI Dewei XIE Defan LIU Demin Faculty of Earth Sciences China University ofGeosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China

The Hohxil region in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is occupied by numerous plateau lakes, which have long been inferred as being tectonic products. However, so far little evidence has been found to support this tentative inference. Field survey and morphotectonic analysis of TM satellite images in the eastern segment of the Hohxil region revealed that Kusai Lake and Yelusu Lake are S- shaped pull-apart basins, which were dominated by left strike-slip master faults trending WNW-ESE. The pull-apart distances of the two lakes are analyzed to be 〈15-20 km and 15 km respectively. Based on studies of the faulting rate, the initiation ages of the pull-apart basins are suggested to be approximately in the Early Pleistocene. The pull-apart basin tectonics is further regarded as a common mechanism for the widely distributed large lake basins in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Regional distribution of these pull-apart basins and their substantial intra-block slip suggest that a sinistral shear stress, which is independent of the distinguished strike-slip faults, has been imposed on across the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Thus, the intra-block slip may be an important expression of the eastward extrusion of the Plateau crustal material in accommodating the ongoing continent-continent convergence between India and Eurasia. The revelation of pull-apart tectonics within the Plateau hinterland provides field evidence and a possible style of deformation for the newly proposed continuous deformation by the global positioning system （GPS） measurement across the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A model, with respect to systematic tectonic landform development, for pull- apart basins is finally proposed.

关键词： lake pull-apart basin Quaternary tectonic landform Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Seismo-tectonic divisions of strong earthquakes with M_s≥7.0 and their tectonic geomorphology along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第1期14卷 38-48,117页

作者：张世民谢富仁 1. Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Seismological Bureau 100085 Beijing China

Seismo-tectonic areas of historical strong earthquakes with MS(7 along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone are divided, and their individual fault-pattern and tectonic geomorphology are analyzed. Those strong-earthquake areas are located in some special parts of the fault zone, where the major branch-faults of the fault zone form left stepping, parallel, and fork-like patterns. In the strong-earthquake areas structurally complicated basins are developed, such as pull-apart basins in fork-like area, in double stepping area, and in stepping and fork-like areas.

关键词： seismo-tectonic division fault zone pull-apart basin fault-clogged pond

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Application of Interferometric Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar to Morphotectonic Research in the Bengcuo Area of Tibet

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Earthquake Research in China 2006年第4期20卷 460-468页

作者： Ning Shuzheng Ren Jinwei Shan Xinjian Tao Wei Zhou Dentin State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology CEA Beijing 100029 China Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China China National Administration of Coal Geology Beijing 100039 China

Using ELLS-1/2 radar satellite data, we generated a Digital Elevation Model by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, and the ERS-1/2 DEM that we generated is obviously superior to both the 1/25 ten thousand-scale DEM of the National Fundamental Geographic Information System of China and the 90-m spatial resolution＇s SRTM DEM that America published in 2004 when it showed the characteristics of tiny structure relief. By analyzing the relief characteristics of the Bengcuo fault zone based on ERS-1/2 DEM, we find that the relief on the connection location of the Bengcuo and Pengcuo fault zones has complex characteristics. A structure relief that is similar to the Pengcuo fault zone crosses through the Dazi-Dasha fault on the the Bengcuo fault zone, while the Dazi-Dasha fault crosses through a gully at this place. This indicates that the Dazi-Dasha fault has been active at this place recently. At the same time, the Naka-Naduiduo fault is severed by the gully which was cut through by the Dazi-Dasha fault. Therefore, the Naka-Naduiduo fault was formed earlier than the Dazi-Dasha fault.

关键词： Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Digital Elevation Model Strike-slipfault pull-apart basin

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Displacement and timing of left-lateral faulting in the Kunlun Fault Zone,northern Tibet,inferred from geologic and geomorphic features

Displacement and timing of left-lateral faulting in the Kunl...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2007学术年会

作者：付碧宏 Yasuo Awata State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution.Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Active Fault Research Center.AIST.Tsukuba 305-8567 Japan

The E-W to WNW-ESE striking Kunlun Fault Zone,extending about 1600 km,is one of the large strike-slip faults in the northern Tibet,*** a major strike-slip fault,it plays an important role on the extrusion of Tibet Plateau in accommodating northeastward shortening caused by the India-Asia ***,the time of initiation left-lateral faulting of the Kunlun Fault Zone is still largely debated,ranging from the Middle to Late Triassic(240-200 Ma) to early Quaternary(2 Ma).We document displaced basement rocks and geomorphic features along the Kunlun Fault Zone,based on tectono-geomorphic interpretation of satellite remote sensing images and field geologic and geomorphic *** results show that the largest cumulative offset of basement rocks is likely to be 100±20 ***,a series of pull-apart basins(Kusai,Xiugou and Tuosu lake basins) and pressure ridges(East Deshuiwai and Maji Snow Mountains),each 45-70 km long and～8-12 km wide,are developed along the Kunlun Fault Zone,which resulted from long-term tectono-geomorphic growth since the Late Miocene or Early *** evidence indicates that the Kunlun Fault Zone had a long-term slip rate of ca.10 mm/yr during the late *** slip rate is similar to that shown by present-day GPS measurements. Thus,we estimate that the Kunlun Fault Zone probably began left-lateral faulting at 10±2 Ma based on a total displacement of 100±20 km,and assuming a constant long-term slip rate of ca.10 mm/yr for several millions of *** this timing constraint on initiation of left-lateral faulting of the Kunlun Fault Zone is consistent with widespread tectonic deformation which occurred in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Left-lateral faulting Displaced basement rocks pull-apart basin Pressure ridge Kunlun Fault Zone Northern Tibet

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