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A qualitative research: how was the objectives and principles of public health tackled in the public health coursebook by Julius Hirsch and Muhiddin Erel?

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2022年第4期4卷 20-25页

作者： Merve Guven Fatma Yagmur Evcil Fuat Ince Department of public health Faculty of MedicineSuleyman Demirel UniversityIsparta 32300Turkey Department of History of Medicine and Ethics Faculty of MedicineSuleyman Demirel UniversityIsparta 32300Turkey

Objective:We aimed to assess the subject of"Purpose and Principles of public health"in the work titled"public health Coursebook"dated 1938,share the information we obtained and compare it with today's information.Methods:Multiple document analysis method in qualitative research was used to design the study.First of all,original edition of the public health Coursebook was purchased from a website with rare books.The book was thoroughly examined and the"Purpose and Principles of Hygiene(public health)"part in the first volume was evaluated.The information in the book was compared with today's information according to the methodology of history of medicine.Secondly,the Republic Archive Catalog of the Turkish Presidency of the Republic of Turkiye State Archives was scanned.Results:After the University Reform movement in Turkiye in 1933,the Faculty of Medicine was established at Istanbul University.In the same period,Turkiye embraced many scientists who fled abroad due to Nazi regime.One of them,Julius Hirsch,was appointed as the head of Hygiene Institute,and Turkish physician Muhiddin Erel became his assistant.The Purpose and Principles of public health are discussed in the first volume of the Hygiene Textbook,which they both prepared together.The book,defines public health as"the science of protecting and maintaining health".public health has been handled with a holistic approach.The aim of measures to be taken regarding public health is explained as the prevention of untimely death,prevention of diseases and protection of the ability to work even in advanced ages.It has been specifically stated that the common goal is to protect public health and ensure the continuity of health despite the practices that vary by time,place and cultures.The documents in the State Archives are about the admission of immigrant scientists to Turkiye,Hirsch's Turkish citizenship and appointments.Conclusion:Despite all this time,it has been observed that the issues mentioned in the study largely overlap with the public health aspect of m

关键词： Julius Hirsch Muhiddin Erel public health hygiene

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Concentration of Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, and Nickel in the Incinerator Bottom Ash in Five County Hospitals in Kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 90-114页

作者： Muriithi J. Githinji Paul M. Njogu Zipporah Nganga Mohamed Karama Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Academic Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya School of public health Amref International University Nairobi Kenya

healthcare wastes contain potentially harmful microorganisms, inorganic and organic compounds that pose a risk to human health and the environment. Incineration is a common method employed in healthcare waste management to reduce volume, quantity, toxicity as well as elimination of microorganisms. However, some of the substances remain unchanged during incineration and become part of bottom ash, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Monitoring of pollution by heavy metals is important since their concentrations in the environment affect public health. The goal of this study was to determine the levels of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) in the incinerator bottom ash in five selected County hospitals in Kenya. Bottom ash samples were collected over a period of six months. Sample preparation and treatment were done using standard methods. Analysis of the heavy metals were done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, model AA-6200. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine whether there were significant differences on the mean levels of Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd and Ni in incinerator bottom ash from the five sampling locations. A post-hoc Tukey’s Test (HSD) was used to determine if there were significant differences between and within samples. The significant differences were accepted at p ≤ 0.05. To standardize the results, overall mean of each metal from each site was calculated. The metal mean concentration values were compared with existing permissible levels set by the WHO. The concentrations (mg/kg) were in the range of 102.27 - 192.53 for Cu, Zn (131.68 - 2840.85), Pb (41.06 - 303.96), Cd (1.92 - 20.49) whereas Ni was (13.83 - 38.27) with a mean of 150.76 ± 77.88 for Copper, 131.66 ± 1598.95 for Zinc, 234.60 ± 262.76 for Lead, 12.256 ± 10.86 for Cadmium and 29.45 ± 18.24 for Nickel across the five sampling locations. There were significant differences between levels determined by one-way ANOVA of Zn (F (4, 25) = 6.893, p = 0.001, p ≤ 0.05) and Cd (

关键词： healthcare Waste Disposal public health Environment Incineration Heavy Metals Bottom Ash

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Endemicity of H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China poses a serious threat to poultry industry and public health

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第1期3卷 11-24页

作者： Jiao HU Xiufan LIU Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory School of Veterinary MedicineJiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis Yangzhou University

The H9N2 and H5N1 avian in fluenza viruses(AIVs) have been circulating in poultry in China and become endemic since 1998 and 2004, respectively.Currently, they are prevalent in poultry throughout China. This endemicity makes them actively involved in the emergence of the novel lineages of other subtypes of in fluenza viruses, such as the well-known viruses of the highly pathogenic avian in fluenza(HPAI) H5N2 and the2013 novel H7N7, H7N9 and H10N8 subtypes, thereby threatening both the poultry industry and public health.Here, we will review brie fly the prevalence and evolution,pathogenicity, transmission, and disease control of these two subtypes and also discuss the possibility of emergence of potentially virulent and highly transmissible AIVs to humans.

关键词： avian influenza virus H9N2 H5N1 novel viruses public health

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Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding potential impacts of climate change on public health in central of China

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2016年第2期3卷 158-161页

作者： Juan Xiao Wei Fan Yang Deng Shaolan Li Ping Yan School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology(Hubei-MOST) Key Laboratory of Oral BiomedicineMinistry of EducationWuhan 430079China

Objective:This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of nurses concerning climate change and their role in addressing health-related impacts of climate change in Central China.Method:The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014.The study randomly selected nurses from hospitals in Central of China and they were asked to complete a questionnaire about climate change Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:Majority of nurses(76%)knew about the climate change would affect public health.But more than half of the nurses did not know their work could also affect the development of climate change;83e96%of the nurses thought it were necessary and would like to learn the knowledge about climate change.Conclusion:The education program about this issue in Chinese colleges or universities is still very weak nursing courses and needs to be emphasized in the future.

关键词： Climate change public health Nurse China

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Impact of River Water Quality on public health in Perspective of Asian Rivers:A Case Study of Buriganga River,Bangladesh

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2023年第1期5卷 1-16页

作者： A.B.M.Kamal Pasha Mustafe Said Nur Sagar Mozumder Mahfuza Parveen Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management Daffodil International UniversityDhaka1216Bangladesh Nkumba University P.O.Box 237LyamutundweUganda

Water pollution is one of the current global problems.So many countries are suffering from this problem specifically most South Asian and Southeast Asian countries,and Bangladesh is one of those countries that are suffering from water pollution.Furthermore,the city of Bangladesh,Dhaka is one of the most densely populated cities in the world and overpopulation is showing a negative impact on the water quality now.Most of the rivers are very polluted around Dhaka city because of anthropogenic causes.This study focused on Buriganga river pollution and its impact on public health.This study intended to find out the major cause of Buriganga river pollution and the health status of the community living beside the Buriganga river.Also the study identified all the common diseases which people are suffering from around the Buriganga river area.Then the study compared the results with other southeast Asian countries so that it can make the relationship and can make it easier to understand the current situation of water pollution on public health in East Asia and Southeast Asia regions.During the research work,it was noticed that the Buriganga river is very polluted due to human activities.The transportation system,fishing,and waste canals from industries become the primary reasons behind Buriganga’s current condition.Also irresponsibility of both the environmental department and civil society is the major factor in Buriganga river pollution.The hygienic level was also not in a good condition because so many wastes like plastic materials and other daily use materials were thrown out into the river.That’s why public health conditions around the Buriganga river become vulnerable nowadays.So policies have to be implemented from the right perspective and the institutions have to be strong enough to handle all the issues regarding the Buriganga River.

关键词： Buriganga Water quality River pollution public health Dhaka city

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Connecting Information to Promote public health

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2016年第4期3卷 384-389页

作者： Xue-mei Su Jia Zhao National Center for public health Surveillance and Information Service Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

With the development of information technology in the past 12 years,China has established the specialized or vertical web-based information systems for data collection of disease and related risk factor.These information systems are described as public health information systems(PHIS) in China.When PHIS has thus evolved in a haphazard and fragmented way under the pressure administrative,economic and legal,local health workers who are overburdened with multiple and timeconsuming reporting requirements cannot deliver timely,accurate and complete data.Seeing that the information of disease surveillance is provided by hospitals and health service centers in China and that the development of electronic medical record(EMR) and electronic health record(EHR) occurs under the policy and investment of health since 2009 in China,there should be a connection and data sharing mechanism between EMR(EHR) and PHIS to support public health surveillance and public health decision-making.The paper aims at discussing current status and problems of PHIS in China,making a brief introduction on the blueprint of health information technology in China,exploring solution for interoperability between PHIS and EHR(EMR),and sharing some experiences and lessons from pilot project on automatic notifiable infectious disease reporting.

关键词： public health information system data exchange China

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Therapeutic Approach in Female Sexual Dysfunctions in an Outpatient Clinic of Sexology in the public health System: A Longitudinal and Prospective Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第12期11卷 1803-1814页

作者： Luciana Segat Fernanda Santos Grossi Luciana Borges Chagas Amanda Vilaverde Perez Vitória Ruschel Lorenzon Pedro do Valle Teichmann Bruno Bossardi Rodrigo Rossi Balbinotti Edimárlei Gonsales Valério Janete Vettorazzi Postgraduate Program in health Sciences: Gynecology and Obstetrics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brasil Nucleus of Studies and Research in Sexuality of Rio Grande do Sul (NEPESEX) CNPq Porto Alegre Brasil Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine (FAMED) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brasil Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brasil

INTRODUCTION: Sexuality is one of the parameters of quality of life, and it is essential to include care for sexual dysfunctions in primary health care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic approach in female sexual dysfunction in a public health outpatient clinic. DESIGN: A prospective cohort of women with sexual dysfunctions in an outpatient clinic of sexology in the Public Health System. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and scored 0 - 10 their sexual satisfaction were applied at the beginning and end of the follow-up. RESULTS: Eighty-nine women were included with a median age of 45 years, 69 (77.5%) had less than 11 years of schooling and 95.5% lived with a partner. The main reasons for referral for follow-up at the outpatient clinic of sexuality were dysfunction of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in 67.4% and pain related to sexual function in 46%. The average number of consultations was five and the main therapeutic interventions were guidance and clarification on sexuality (86.5%), use of topical estrogen (56.2%), and relaxation techniques (37.1%). All FSFI-19 domains had better post-intervention rates (p

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Vitamin D Insufficiency among Women Post-Partum in Northern Sweden—A public health Concern

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第1期8卷 99-109页

作者： Pamela Hasslof Frida Karlsson Videhult Sven Arne Silfverdal Christina E.West Christina Stecksén-Blicks Department of Odontology Pediatric DentistryUmea UniversityUmeaSweden Department of Clinical Sciences PediatricsUmea UniversityUmeaSweden

Pregnancy and post-partum represent a period of susceptibility for vitamin D insufficiency. This study investigated S-25 [OH] D levels in women in northern Sweden 4 weeks post-partum and its association with selected background factors. Blood from 100 healthy women were analyzed for iron status and serum levels of S-25[OH] D using ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS). public health concern. From a public health perspective it has to be considered whether dietary advices alone should be modified or if supplementation with vitamin D during pregnancy and the post-partum period also is needed.

关键词： Vitamin D Insufficiency Fungal Infection Postpartum public health Season

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Reflection on Early Lessons for Urban Resilience and public health Enhancement during the COVID-19

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health 2020年第10期12卷 1390-1408页

作者： Ali Cheshmehzangi Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China

With growing impacts on public health systems and economies across the world, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, we need to reflect on some of the early lessons for urban resilience enhancement. In this paper, a brief discussion is made through several recommendations that could make our cities more prepared specially in the probable future waves of this current outbreak or potential spikes in infections or clustered cases. The experiences from global examples highlighted in this study address what has worked in the past few months at the spatial levels of communities and cities. The COVID-19 outbreak highlighted the deficiencies and shortfall across multiple sectors of the urban systems and enabled us to identify risks, challenges, and pathways to better city management. With regard to urban resilience enhancement, the negative impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak are assessed to suggest a checklist of what could be done through early preparedness. The findings are novel in ongoing research related to urban resilience and public health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The early lessons here reflect on the ongoing situation of this pandemic outbreak, but could effectually help to enhance the resilience of our cities and communities, and especially addressing the protection of public health and societal well-being. The findings contribute to major sectors of urban resilience, city management, and public health. The recommendations from this study could be utilised and adapted in any context, allowing for the consideration of all-inclusive decision-making and much-enhanced planning processes.

关键词： Urban Resilience Resilience Enhancement Pandemic Outbreak public health COVID-19

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Present status of effect of microorganisms from sand beach on public health

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第9期2卷 746-756页

作者： Emmanuel Velonakis Dimitra Dimitriadi Emmanuel Papadogiannakis Alkiviades Vatopoulos Department of Microbiology National School of Public HealthAthensGreece

Microorganisms are significant components of beach sand.According to the research,all kind of microorganisms have been isolated from beach sand;certain genera and species are potential pathogens for humans and animals.In resort areas,especially during the summer,certain infections(e.***.gastroenteritis and dermatitis)are usually related to polluted bathing water.Lately,the interest of scientists is also focused on the potential association of some of the above diseases with the beach sand.Relatively,recent epidemiological studies in the USA revealed positive correlation between time spent at the beach and gastroenteritis.New parameters such as wind blowing and beach users’density are also introduced for discussion in association with the sand microbial load.Regarding the preventative measures,the microbiological quality of beach sand can be improved by raising the general level of hygiene,as well as by using simple methods,such as sweeping and aeration of the sand,together with constant beach supervision.

关键词： Beach Infection Microorganism public health Sand

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