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Foliar Applications with Plant-Derived Extracts Control Pistachio psyllid, <i>Agonoscena pistaciae</i>

Advances in Entomology 2017年第3期5卷 87-92页

作者： Antonios E. Tsagkarakis Antonios D. Margiotoudis Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece

Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying application against the pistachio psyllid may cause severe reduction on the honeybee forager population, which visits infested trees to collect honeydew. ProAlexinTM products have the same formulation with Provigoro 14 WA Bee Care?, a natural water acidifier, which not only has negative action on the honeybees, but also shows disinfectant action against Nosema spp. The scope of the present study was to determine any effect of ProAlexin products on the reduction of the population of the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae. Experiments were performed at the orchard of the A.U.A., with two mixtures sprayed on psyllid infested pistachio trees, the first with ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM and the second only with AgrisprayTM. They were both applied with the addition of APG25TM non-ionic surfactant. Results showed that mortality on the trees treated with ProAlexin PNSTM + AgrisprayTM mixture and AgrisprayTM was significantly higher compared with the control. This could be explained due to the phytoalexins that these products elicit, which are part of the plant mechanism against insect herbivores. These products are potentially promising methods to be used in sustainable agriculture approaches against the pistachio psyllid and they should be tested for their effects on the biological control agents of this pest. Beyond this, the results of this study encourage to test their effects on other pests of pistachio and other tree species.

关键词： Pistacia vera Pistachio psyllid Agonoscena pistaciae Control Honeydew Honeybees

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The influence of bacteria on multitrophic interactions among plants, psyllids, and pathogen

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 961-974页

作者： Cecilia Tamborindeguy Ordom Brian Huot Freddy Ibanez Julien Levy Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA

The recent emergence ofseveralplant diseases caused by psyllid-borne bacterial pathogens worldwide （Candidatus Liberibaeter spp.） has created renewed interest on the interaction between psyllids and bacteria. In spite of these efforts to understand psyllid association with bacteria, many aspects of their interactions remain poorly understood. As more organisms are studied, subtleties on the molecular interactions as well as on the effects of the bacteria on the psyllid host are being uncovered. Additionally, psyllid-borne bacterial phytopathogens can also affect the host plant, which in turn can impact psyllid physiology and behavior. Here, we review the current literature on different aspects of the influence of bacteria on multitrophic interactions among plants, psyllids, and pathogens. We then highlight gaps that need to be addressed to advance this field, which can have significant implications for controlling these newly emergent and other plant diseases.

关键词： bacteria interaction Liberibacter microbiome phytoplasma psyllid

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Note on Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera psyllidae): A new pest of Eucalyptus in Greece

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Advances in Entomology 2014年第1期2卷 57-59页

作者： Antonios E. Tsagkarakis Argyro P. Kalaitzaki Georgios N. Balotis Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food Chania Greece Institute of Agronomical Sciences Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food Κifissia Greece Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece

Leaves of eucalyptus infested by Glycaspis brim-blecombei Moore were found on river red gum (E. camaldulensis) and blue gum (E. globulus) trees in Attiki and Chania region, Greece. The psyllid is recorded for the firs... 详细信息

关键词： Red Gum Lerp psyllid First Record Eucalyptus globulus E. camaldulensis

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High nymphal host density and mortality negatively impact parasitoid complex during an insect herbivore outbreak

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 351-365页

作者： Aidan A. G. Hall Scott N. Johnson James M. Cook Markus Riegler Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University NSW Australia

Insect herbivore outbreaks frequently occur and this may be due to factors that restrict top-down control by parasitoids, for example, host-parasitoid asynchrony, hyperparasitization, resource limitation and climate. Few studies have examined hostparasitoid density relationships during an in sect herbivore outbreak in a n atural ecosystem with diverse parasitoids. We studied parasitization patterns of Cardiaspina psyllids during an outbreak in a Eucalyptus woodland. First, we established the trophic roles of the parasitoids through a species-specific multiplex PCR approach on mummies from which parasitoids emerged. Then, we assessed host-parasitoid density relationships across three spatial scales (leaf, tree and site) over one yeas We detected four endoparasitoid species of the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera);two primary parasitoid and one heteronomous hyperparasitoid Psyllaephagus species (the latter with female development as a primary parasitoid and male development as a hyperparasitoid), and the hyperparasitoid Coccidoctonuspsyllae. Parasitoid development was host-synchronized, although synchrony between sites appeared constrained during winter (due to temperature differences). Parasitization was predominantly driven by one primary parasitoid species and was mostly inversely host-density dependent across the spatial scales. Hyperparasitization by C. psyllae was psyllid-density dependent at the site scale, however, this only impacted the rarer primary parasitoid. High larval parasitoid mortality due to density-dependent nymphal psyllid mortality (a consequence of resource limitation) compounded by a summer heat wave was incorporated in the assessment and resulted in density independence of host-parasitoid relationships. As such, high larval parasitoid mortality during insect herbivore outbreaks may contribute to the absence of host density-dependent parasitization during outbreak events.

关键词： density-dependent mortality insect outbreak psyllid synchronization temperature trophic interactions

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An assessment of interspecific competition between two introduced parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)on caged citrus plants

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 119-127页

作者： Meghan A.Vankosky Mark S.Hoddle Department of Entomology University of CalifomiaRiversideCalifomiaUSA Center for Invasive Species Research University of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA

Two parasitoids attacking nymphs of Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera:Liviidae),Tamarixia radiata (Waterston)(Hymenoptera:Eulophi- dae)and Diaphoreneyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee,Alam &Agarwal)(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae)are being released in California,USA in a classical biological control program. To evaluate the effect of multiple parasitoid species on *** mortality,we conducted mesocosm experiments under controlled conditions using a complete block design with 6 treatments (*** nymphs exposed to:no parasitoids;*** or *** alone;*** or *** released first (by 48 h);and both species released simultaneously).Parasitism of *** nymphs by *** exceeded 60%and was unchanged when *** were *** by *** was greatest when T. radiata was absent (-28%)and was reduced in all treatments with *** present (<3%).*** mortality and parasitoid-related mortality *** was consistent across parasitoid *** results suggest that competition between *** and *** is asymmetric and favors *** may be difficult for *** to contribute significantly to *** biological control where *** is ***, results reported here suggest that competition between *** and *** is not likely to reduce parasitism by *** or reduce parasitoid-induced mortality of ***.

关键词： Asian citrus psyllid classical biological control competition Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis Tamarixia radiata

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Quenching autofluorescence in the alimentary canal tissues of Bactericera cockerelli(Hemiptera:Triozidae)for immunofluorescence labeling

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 475-486页

作者： Xiao-Tian Tang Freddy Ibanez Cecilia Tamborindeguy Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA

Immunofluorescence has been widely used to localize microbes or specific molecules in insect tissues or ***,significant autofluorescence is frequently observed in tissues which can interfere with the fluorescent identification of target antigens,leading to inaccurate or even false positive fluorescent *** alimentary canal of the potato psyllid,Bactericera cockerelliŠulc,exhibits intense autofluorescence,hindering the application of immunolocalization for the detection and localization of the economically important pathogen transmitted by this insect,“Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”(Lso).In the present study,we tested the use of irradiation,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and Sudan black B(SBB)treatments to reduce the autofluorescence in the *** alimentary canal ***,we assessed the compatibility of the above‐mentioned treatments with Lso immunolocalization and actin staining using *** results showed that the autofluorescence in the alimentary canal was reduced by irradiation,H2O2,or SBB *** compatibility assays indicated that irradiation and H2O2 treatment both greatly reduced the fluorescent signal associated with Lso and ***,the SBB incubation preserved those target signals,while efficiently eliminating autofluorescence in the psyllid alimentary ***,herein we propose a robust method for reducing the autofluorescence in the *** alimentary canal with SBB treatment,which may improve the use of immunofluorescence labeling in this *** method may also have a wide range of uses by reducing the autofluorescence in other arthropod species.

关键词： endosymbionts gut immunofluorescence Liberibacter pathogen psyllid vector

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