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Differences between British and Japanese perspectives on forensic mental health systems:A preliminary study

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第1期7卷 8-11页

作者： Akihiro Shiina Aika Tomoto Soichiro Omiya Aiko Sato Masaomi Iyo Yoshito Igarashi Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health Division of Law and Psychiatry Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine

AIM To clarify the differences in views on forensic mental health(FMH) systems between the United Kingdom and *** We conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with six leading forensic psychiatrists. Based on a discussion by the research team, we created an interview form. After we finished conducting all the interviews, we qualitatively analyzed their content. RESULTS In the United Kingdom the core domain of FMH was risk assessment and management; however, in Japan, the core domain of FMH was psychiatric testimony. In the United Kingdom, forensic psychiatrists were responsible for ensuring public safety, and psychopathy was identified as a disease but deemed as not suitable for medical treatment. On the other hand, in Japan, psychopathy was not considered a mental illness. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are considerable differences between the United Kingdom and Japan with regard to the concepts of FMH. Some ideas taken from both cultures for better FMH practice were suggested.

关键词： Forensic mental health Medical treatment and supervision act psychopathy International comparison Qualitative research

Perceptions of treatment among offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use: The possible relevance of psychopathic personality traits

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第1期4卷 79-90页

作者： Natalie Durbeej Charlotte Alm Clara Hellner Gumpert Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Forensic Psychiatry Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Substance abuse is related to re-offending, and substance abuse treatment may be effective in reducing criminal recidivism. psychopathy, however, another factor that strongly correlates with re-offending, may be negatively associated with treatment utilization. This qualitative study explored perceptions of substance abuse treatment among offenders with mental health problems, problematic substance use, and various degrees of psychopathic personality traits. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) revealed that some treatment perceptions may vary with degree of psychopathic traits. For instance, participants with low and high degrees of psychopathic personality traits had different views on treatment requirements imposed upon them. Many treatment perceptions were also similar between the two participant groups. Thus, treatment perceptions may not be explained by degree of psychopathic personality traits alone, but the presence of some particular psychopathic traits may be relevant in explaining certain treatment perceptions. The results highlight the complex relationship between the individual and the treatment system, and may give input to future studies on rehabilitation of offenders with multiple treatment needs.

关键词： Substance Abuse Treatment Recidivism psychopathy Offenders

Brain Processing of Fearful Facial Expression in Mentally Disordered Offenders

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2011年第3期1卷 115-123页

作者： Katarina Howner Hakan Fischer Thomas Dierks Andrea Federspiel Lars-Olof Wahlund Tomas Jonsson Maria Kristoffersen Wiberg Marianne Kristiansson Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden NVS-Department Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden Department of Psychology Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology University Hospital for PsychiatryBernSwitzerland Department of Clinical Science Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden

Emotional facial expressions are important cues for interaction between people. The aim of the present study was to investigate brain function when processing fearful facial expressions in offenders with two psychiatric disorders which include impaired emotional facial perception;autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychopathy (PSY). Fourteen offenders undergoing forensic psychiatric assessment (7 with ASD, and 7 psychopathic offenders) and 12 healthy controls (HC) viewed fearful and neutral faces while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain activity (fearful versus neutral faces) was compared both between HC and offenders and between the two offender groups (PSY and ASD). Functional co-activation was also investigated. The offenders had increased activity bilaterally in amygdala and medial cingulate cortex as well as the left hippocampus during processing fearful facial expressions compared to HC. The two subgroups of offenders differed in five regions compared with each other. Results from functional co-activation analysis suggested a strong correlation between the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the left hemisphere only in the PSY group. These findings suggest enhanced neural processing of fearful faces in the amygdala as well as in other facial processing brain areas in offenders compared to HC. Moreover, the co-activation between amygdala and ACC in the PSY but not the ASD group suggested qualitative differences in amygdala activity in the two groups. Since the sample size is small the study should be regarded as a pilot study.

关键词： psychopathy Autism Spectrum Disorder Offenders fMRI Emotional Facial Processing

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黑暗三联征与攻击行为关系的元分析