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Characteristics of particle fluxes in the prydz Bay polynya, Eastern Antarctica

Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第4期62卷 657-670页

作者： Zhengbing HAN Chuanyu HU Weiping SUN Jun ZHAO Jianming PAN Gaojing FAN Haisheng ZHANG Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic Administration China University of Geosciences

The settling of particulate carbon in seawater is a key component of the ocean carbon cycle. We deployed a set of sediment trap in the polynya of prydz Bay from December 2010 to December 2011 to investigate the seasonal variations in particle fluxes. There was a clear seasonal variation in the particle fluxes, with maximum and minimum fluxes recorded during the summer and winter, respectively. The average total flux over the sampling period was 193.58 mg m^(-2)d^(-1), and the average fluxes of organic carbon(C_(org)), inorganic carbon(C_(inorg)), and biogenic silica(Si_(bio)) were 721.78, 28.67, and 2382.80 μmol m^(-2) d^(-1), respectively. Si_(bio)was the main contributor to the total mass flux, and strongly correlated with C_(org). The high Si_(bio)/C_(org)molar ratios(>1) suggest that C_(org)was transported to deep sea in association with Si_(bio). By comparing remote sensing data of sea ice and chlorophyll in the upper water column, we found that the dynamics of carbon fluxes were closely related to changes in sea ice. Algae in sea ice may have a key role in biological pump processes in early summer. Apart from the ice algae bloom period, variations in carbon fluxes generally corresponded with phytoplankton blooms in the upper water. The ballast effect controlled the particle settling velocity and the efficiency of the biological pump. Sea ice rafts initiated the first particle export event and enhanced the particle settling efficiency during melting period. As diatoms might become less dominant in the ice-free area, sea ice loss may cause the efficiency of the biological pump efficiency to decrease over the long term.

关键词： prydz Bay Particle fluxes Polynya Ballast effect Biological pump efficiency

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Macrobenthic communities on the continental shelf of the prydz Bay, East Antarctica

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第2期39卷 38-48页

作者： Kun Liu Heshan Lin Xuebao He Yaqin Huang Zhong Li Junhui Lin Jianfeng Mou Shuyi Zhang Jianjun Wang Jun Sun College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Fisheries College Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China

To explore the spatial pattern of macrobenthic communities and their response to environmental factors in the prydz Bay,samples were collected using a 0.25-m2 box corer at 10 stations from November 2012 to April 2013.A total of 50 species of macrobenthos belonging to 8 phyla and 33 families were identified,of which polychaetes(e.g.,Maldane sarsi)and sponges(e.g.,Halichondria sp.and Leucosolenia sp.)were the most prominent groups.The macrobenthos in study area were categorized into five functional groups based on the feeding type,and the detritivorous group represented by polychaetes showed the highest average abundance,while the planktophagous group represented by sponges showed the highest average biomass.Macrobenthos abundance(0–592 ind./m2)and biomass(0–1155.5 g/m2)in the prydz Bay were relatively lower than those of other Antarctic shelf soft-bottom waters,although the compositions of the dominant species and functional feeding groups were similar.The results of the Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that the average biomass of the macrobenthos and the biomass of the planktophagous group in the study area were negatively correlated with the water depth,sediment grain size and silt percentage.However,these variables were clearly not strong determinants of macrobenthos assemblage structure.Many factors not measured in the study,e.g.,sediment organic matter and iceberg interference,have probably influenced the spatial distribution of macrobenthic community structure in the prydz Bay.

关键词： macrobenthic communities functional feeding groups environmental factors Antarctica prydz Bay

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Nitrogen uptake regime regulated by ice melting during austral summer in the prydz Bay, Antarctica

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第8期38卷 1-7页

作者： Run Zhang Qiang Ma Min Chen Minfang Zheng Jianping Cao Yusheng Qiu College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Enviromental Health Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College Zhangzhou 363105 China

Using a combination of stable isotope(15N) and radionuclide(226Ra) analyses, we examine possible controls on the interactions between melting ice and the uptake of nitrogen in the prydz Bay during the 2006 austral summer.We find that specific rates of uptake for nitrate and ammonium correlate positively to their concentrations, thus suggesting a substrate effect. In the study area, we observe that regions along open, oceanic water have high fratios(nitrate uptake/nitrate+ammonium uptake), while areas near the Amery Ice Shelf have significantly low fratios. Further analysis reveals a negative correlation between the f-ratio and the melt water fraction, thus implying that the melting of ice plays an essential role in regulating pelagic N dynamics in the Southern Ocean(SO). Stratification, produced by melting ice, should profoundly affect the efficiency of the SO’s biological pump and consequently affect the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Results presented in this study add information to an already significant base of understanding of the controls on pelagic C and N dynamics in the SO. This provides unique insights for either interpreting past changes in geologic records or for predicting future climate change trends.

关键词： nitrogen uptake regime ice melting prydz Bay Antarctica

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In vitro iron enrichment experiments in the prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean: A test of the iron hypothesis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第9期52卷 1426-1435页

作者： SUN Song PU XinMing ZHANG YongShan Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Marine Ecology Research Center First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

In "high nitrate, low chlorophyll" (HNLC) ocean regions, iron has been typically regarded as the limiting factor for phytoplankton production. This "iron hypothesis" needs to be tested in various oceanic environments to understand the role of iron in marine biological and biogeochemical processes. In this paper, three in vitro iron enrichment experiments were performed in prydz Bay and at the Polar Front north of the Ross Sea, to study the role of iron on phytoplankton production. At the Polar Front of Ross Sea, iron addition significantly (Pprydz Bay, however, both the iron treatments and the controls showed rapid phytoplankton growth, and no significant effect (P>0.05, Student's t-test) as a consequence of iron addition was observed. These results confirmed the limiting role of iron in the Ross Sea and indicated that iron was not the primary factor limiting phytoplankton growth in prydz Bay. Because the light environment for phytoplankton was enhanced in experimental bottles, light was assumed to be responsible for the rapid growth of phytoplankton in all treatments and to be the limiting factor controlling field phytoplankton growth in prydz Bay. During the incubation experiments, nutrient consumption ratios also changed with the physiological status and the growth phases of phytoplankton cells. When phytoplankton growth was stimulated by iron addition, N was the first and Si was the last nutrient which absorption enhanced. The Si/N and Si/P consumption ratios of phytoplankton in the stationary and decay phases were significantly higher than those of rapidly growing phytoplankton. These findings were helpful for studies of the ma- rine ecosystem and biogeochemistry in prydz Bay, and were also valuable for biogeochemical studies of carbon and nutrients in various marine environments.

关键词： iron limitation iron hypothesis Southern Ocean prydz Bay nutrient consumption ratio

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Magnetostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental significance of sediments from ANT29-P7-09 core in prydz Bay,Antarctica

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China Geology 2019年第4期2卷 493-500页

作者： Zhong-yang Lin Xi-bin Han Xiang-long Jin Chao-hui Zhu Liang Yi Zheng-gang Li College of Marine Science and Technology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey Hangzhou 311203China

Due to the unique geographical location and sensitive response to global climate changes,the Antarctic region plays an important role in paleoclimate researches,and attracts great attentions from various scholars.One 324 cm long sediment core(ANT29-P7-09)was obtained from prydz Bay,Antarctica,during the 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition.Based on sediment particle size,TOC,δ13C analyses and magnetism data,the authors show that the dominant magnetic minerals are ferrimagnetic pseudo single domain(PSD)-multi domain(MD)magnetite.Variations in the paleoenvironmental records allow us to define 4 zones in the core.These zones outline the climatic variations in the region since the late Early Pleistocene,including a warm period,a transitional period,and a cold period.The magnetic particle assemblage varies with glacial-interglacial cycles.Abrupt changes in particle size,TOC content,and geomagnetism occur at 102–90 cm deep in the core,indicating a sudden warming in the Antarctic region,signaling the onset of the Holocene.The authors identified 3 additional climatic signals in the middle part of the core(232–162 cm)that show unexpected cooling events during the warm period in prydz Bay,Antarctica.

关键词： Late Quaternary Paleoenvironment Climate change Paleomagnetism Alternate cooling and heating Polar science expedition engineering prydz Bay Antarctica 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition

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Geochemical Characteristics of Saturated Hydrocarbons from Strata Inferred from the Multitubular Cores of the prydz Bay and the Sources/Environmental Variations

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2019年第5期10卷 96-102页

作者： Yang Dan Zhang Yicheng Han Xinbin Zhao Jun Xu Xuedan Zhang Huijuan Zhang Haisheng Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

The content and distribution of saturated hydrocarbons (n-alkanes,isoprenoid,steranes and terpanes) in the multitubular cores ANT29-M2 from the prydz Bay of the Antarctic were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the organic matter sources,sedimentary environments and geochemical parameters of the sediments were discussed.The results showed that the carbon number of the multitubular samples ANT29-M2 was between C14 and C32 with low-carbon single peak group and main peak carbon of C18 .n-alkane gas charomatography fingerprint spectra indicated that unmixable complex compounds displayed a significant bulge,and the obvious UCM shape suggested a large input of bacteria.The ∑C21^-/∑C22^+ values varied from 1.82 to 3.9,and C21^+C22 /C28 ^+C 29 values ranged from 1.26 to 6.30,indicating that the sedimentary organic matter mainly originated from marine algae.The CPI and OEP values varied from 1.54 to 2.29 and from 4.48 to 4.82,respectively,with a significant odd even predominance.Pr/Ph values ranged from 0.34 to 0.76,significantly smaller than 1,with a clear distribution of C29 >C27 >C28 and C27 >C29 >C28 for regular steranes and a V-shaped C29 predominance and C27 predominance.This indicated that the sedimentary organic matter in the prydz Bay originated from a mixed marine/continental source,and was deposited under a strongly reducing environment.The maturity parameters of the sedimentary strata from the prydz Bay displayed significant inconsistency.Geochemical parameters of hopane C 32 22S/C 32 (22S+22R) and sterane C 29 αββ/(αββ+ααα) suggested a high maturity,but other geochemical parameters such as C29 ααα20S/C29 ααα(20S+20R),CPI and OEP reflected that those of columnar strata were within the range of modern marine sediments (lowly mature to immature),probably resulting from the development of microorganisms.

关键词： prydz Bay Sediment cores Saturated hydrocarbons Geochemical characteristics Environmental significance

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Glacial meltwater and sea ice meltwater in the prydz Bay, Antarctica

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Science China Earth Sciences 2003年第1期46卷 50-61页

作者：蔡平河黄奕普陈敏刘广山邱雨生陈性保金德秋周锡煌 Department of Oceanography Xiamen University Department of Chemistry Peking University

Measurements of d D and salinity were carried out in the prydz Bay during two Antarctic cruises, the 13th and the 14th Chinese National Antarctic Research expeditions (CHINARE). Mass balance calculations based on d D and salinity showed that during the 13th CHINARE cruise, per- centages of glacial meltwater and sea ice meltwater in the study region ranged from 0% to 3.82% and from 3.19% to 4.78%, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentages were 1.53%—3.98% and 3.80%—4.52% during the 14th CHINARE cruise. We depicted plots showing the horizontal dis- tributions of glacial meltwater and sea ice meltwater, and found a footprint of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), which may suggest a strong upwelling in this regime. We also noticed a butterfly- like image in the plot, which resulted from two adjacent water masses. It is interesting to note that the butterfly-like image deflected anticlockwise with depth. We suggested that the cause of the deflection could be due to Ekman effect. Depth profiles of glacial meltwater within the prydz Bay were fundamentally uniform, revealing that inflow of glacial meltwater to the basin was a slower process with respect to the vertical mixing in the water column. Nevertheless, percentage of sea ice meltwater decreased steadily with depth, presumably due to the effect of seasonal cycle of sea ice production.

关键词： glacial meltwater, sea ice meltwater,δD, Antarctica, prydz Bay.

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Spatial and temporal evolution of landfast ice near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica, over an annual cycle in 2011/2012

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 51-61页

作者： Jiechen Zhao Qinghua Yang Bin Cheng Matti Lepp?ranta Fengming Hui Surui Xie Meng Chen Yining Yu Zhongxiang Tian Ming Li Lin Zhang College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Finnish Meteorological Institute Institute of Atmospheric and Earth Sciences University of Helsinki College of Global Change and Earth System Sciences (GCESS) Beijing Normal University School of Geosciences University of South Florida Meteorological Service of Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County College of Global Change and Earth System Sciences Beijing Normal University

Annual observations of first-year ice(FYI) and second-year ice(SYI) near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica,were conducted for the first time from December 2011 to December 2012. Melt ponds appeared from early December 2011. Landfast ice partly broke in late January, 2012 after a strong cyclone. Open water was refrozen to form new ice cover in mid-February, and then FYI and SYI co-existed in March with a growth rate of 0.8 cm/d for FYI and a melting rate of 2.7 cm/d for SYI. This difference was due to the oceanic heat flux and the thickness of ice,with weaker heat flux through thicker ice. From May onward, FYI and SYI showed a similar growth by 0.5 cm/d.Their maximum thickness reached 160.5 cm and 167.0 cm, respectively, in late October. Drillings showed variations of FYI thickness to be generally less than 1.0 cm, but variations were up to 33.0 cm for SYI in March,suggesting that the SYI bottom was particularly uneven. Snow distribution was strongly affected by wind and surface roughness, leading to large thickness differences in the different sites. Snow and ice thickness in Nella Fjord had a similar "east thicker, west thinner" spatial distribution. Easterly prevailing wind and local topography led to this snow pattern. Superimposed ice induced by snow cover melting in summer thickened multi-year ice,causing it to be thicker than the snow-free SYI. The estimated monthly oceanic heat flux was ～30.0 W/m2 in March–May, reducing to ～10.0 W/m2 during July–October, and increasing to ～15.0 W/m2 in November. The seasonal change and mean value of 15.6 W/m2 was similar to the findings of previous research. The results can be used to further our understanding of landfast ice for climate change study and Chinese Antarctic Expedition services.

关键词： landfast ice thickness oceanic heat flux prydz Bay East Antarctica

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AGE GROUPS OF ANTARCTIC KRILL,EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA DANA,IN THE prydz BAY REGION

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2000年第2期18卷 140-147页

作者：王荣孙松孙松王克王克李超伦中科院海洋所山东青岛 2 660 71

Age groups of Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba Dana) in the prydz Bay region were studied by distribution mixture analysis based on length/frequency data collected by R/V Jidi during the 1989/1990 and 1990/1991 austral summer. Five age groups were determined, i.e. 1 +, 2 +, 3 +, 4 +, and 5 + , or six age groups in all, if the 0 + larvae were included. The mean body length of 1 + to 5 + age groups was 25.70 mm, 40.47 mm, 45.52 mm, 50.52 mm and 54.52 mm respectively. Supposing the difference in body length between successive age groups is a reflection of the yearly growth, the maximum growth rate occurred during the period from 1 + juveniles to 2 + subadults (14.77 mm/a). From 2 + subadults to 3 + adults the growth rate dropped steeply (5.05 mm/a) because at this stage, increase of body length was substituted, to a great extent, by the growth of sexual products. From 3 + onwards the growth rate was maintained at a relatively low level and decreased slowly with age. The relative abundance of age groups 1 + and 2 +, in our sample must be much lower than that in the real population owing to both the large mesh size we used and the distribution difference between juveniles and adults. If we left aside 1 + and 2 + age groups and just looked at the relative abundance of adults, we found that age group 3 + dominated the adult population and that the relative abundance decreased sharply with increasing age. If this situation is normal, one can expect an extremely high mortality rate in adults, 82.6% from 3 + to 4 + and 94.0% from 4 + to 5 +. This is reasonably expectable for the prydz Bay region.

关键词： Antarctic krill prydz Bay age groups

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