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proximate composition, nutritional values and phytochemical screening of Piper retrofractum vahl. fruits

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第1期8卷 37-43页

作者： Nurul Jadid Byan Arasyi Arraniry Dewi Hidayati Kristanti Indah Purwani Wiwi Wikanta Sylviana Rosyda Hartanti Rizka Yuanita Rachman Department of Biology Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Department of Biology Muhammadiyah University

Objective: To investigate the proximate and mineral composition of the Piper retrofractum(P. retrofractum) vahl. Fruit and to evaluate its total alkaloids, phenol and flavonoid. Methods: The proximate composition of P. retrofractum fruit was ananlyzed using standard protocols according to Indonesian Standard and Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Meanwhile, mineral composition of the fruit was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Phytochemical screening and quantification were performed using standard protocols according to Harborn and spectrophotometric methods. Results: The results showed that P. retrofractum fruit contained carbohydrate(63.4%), crude protein(11.4%), total ash(4.29%), dietary fiber(28.8%) and total fat(2.97%). The fruit also contained calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphor, potassium, sodium and zinc in different concentrations. Additionally, quinone, sterol, glycosides and alkaloid were detected in both n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. Moreover, tannin was presented also in ethylacetate and methanol extracts. Meanwhile, methanol extract contained sterol, glycosides, flavones, tannin and alkaloid. The results also revealed that methanol extract of the fruit contained highest phenol compared to other extract. Finally, small quantity of flavonoid(0.060 0%±0.000 2%) was observed. Conclusions: The overall results show that P. retrofractum contains potential nutritional and phytochemicals values, which support their function for pharmaceutical purposes.

关键词： Mineral composition Piper retrofractum Vahl. Phytochemical analysis proximate composition

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proximate composition and elemental analysis in soft tissues of freshwater mussels （Anodonta anatina） from the Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第4期11卷 331-337页

作者： Muhammad Sohail Muhammad Naeem Khan Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry Khurram Shahzad Department of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan School of Agriculture_Food and Rural development Newcastle University UK

BACKGROUND： Aquatic invertebrates are playing an important role in assessment of the water contaminants and also serve as a major component of food chain. Freshwater mussels are considered to be the good bioindicator species of aquatic environment and widely used to determine the metals load. METHODS： proximate composition and elemental analysis were carried out in edible （foot, mantle） and non-edible portion （gills） of freshwater mussels （Anodonta anatina） harvested from various site of Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan. RESULTS： The nutritional components were varied among the studied portion and muscular foot found to be the best part for consumption. Protein and fat contents were significantly higher in foot （15.90±0.88%, 1.19 ±0.26%） as compared to mantle （10.78±2.24%, 0.27±0.09%） and gills （6.44± 1.22%, 0.53 4-0.15%） respectively. For the macro minerals mantle had high concentration of Ca （46838±984 mg/kg）, Na （2706±343 mg/kg）, P （6921± 1063 mg/kg） and Mn （7207± 1046 mg/kg） as compared to foot. CONCLUSIONS： Heavy metals （Cd, Cu, Cr） concentration in edible portions were lower than the permissible limit by WHO whereas the concentration of Pb was slightly higher than the recommended value that might be the risk for the consumers. Being filter feeder gills accumulated the high concentration of all the metals and found to be the key portion for biomonitoring studies. Freshwater mussels of Chashma Lake Indus River are the rich source of protein and all the other micro and macro minerals therefore could be used as an excellent source of food.

关键词： proximate composition minerals metals River Indus freshwater mussel

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proximate composition,mineral contents,phytochemical constituents,antimicrobial activities and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy analysis of bark,stem and seed of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第6期3卷 486-490页

作者： Javid Ali Bashir Ahmad Said Hassan Muhammad Siddique Farrah Gul Shafaat Ullah Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of PeshawarKPKPakistan PCSIR Laboratories Complex Jamrud Road PeshawarKPK-Pakistan

Objective:To compare the proximate composition,mineral contents,antimicrobial,phytochemical and Fourier transforms infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy analysis of bark,stem and seed of Hippophae rhamnoides.Methods:proximate composition was determined according to the described methods.Mineral analysis was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame photometer.Antimicrobial activities were evaluated according to the agar well diffusion method.Phytochemical qualitative analysis was carried out according to the described methods and functional groups were determined by FTIR Prestige-21 Shimadzu Japan.Results:The proximate analysis showed high content of protein and fiber in stem and bark.High content of Na(900 mg/L)and K(670 mg/L)was found in bark powder,while in seed,high contents of Ca(800 mg/L),Mg(725 mg/L),Fe(250 mg/L)Zn(90 mg/L)and Mn(65 mg/L)were found compared to stem and bark.Phenols,flavonoids and tannins showed high contents in stem and bark of all extracts.The bark aqueous extract showed high zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus(21 mm)and Escherichia coli(20 mm),while methanol extract of stem showed high zone of inhibition(14 mm and 13 mm)against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli respectively.The aqueous extract of bark documented high zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger(21 mm)and Aspergillus parasiticus(20 mm).FTIR spectra revealed the presence of OH,C-O and C=O functional groups.Conclusions:The study concludes that bark,stem and seed extracts will be useful guideline for the new syntheses of feed,food supplements and herb drugs with various combination,which can be used for the treatment of many diseases at global level especially in tropical regions as well as the male nutrition problems in these areas.

关键词： Seabuckthorn proximate composition Minerals Antibacterial Antifungal FTIR spectra

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Structural,physicochemical,antioxidant and in vitro digestibility properties of banana flours from different banana varieties(Musa spp.)

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 231-239页

作者： Lei Chang Min Yang Ning Zhao Fei Xie Pengtao Zheng Jonatha Simbo Xiuzhu Yu Shuang-kui Du College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China Tontan Project Technology Company Ltd. Dar Es Salaam10848Tanzania Intratech Limited Dar Es Salaam76124Tanzania Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing Universities of Shaanxi ProvinceYanglingShaanxi712100China

Green bananas occupy an important position in the diet of Tanzanians with potential beneficial health effects.Banana flours prepared from five Tanzania banana varieties(Mzuzu,Malindi,Mshale,Bukoba,and Moshi)were compared for the proximate composition,structure,physicochemical properties,antioxidant activities,and in vitro digestibility properties.The total starch content of banana flours was 58.01%-68.74%,and the amylose content was 16.67%-23.11%.All the samples exhibited B-type crystals.Bukoba had the highest pasting temperature and peak viscosity,and Malindi had the lowest breakdown.The peak temperature(Tp)and the enthalpy change(ΔH)of samples differed from 65.99◦C to 67.25℃ and from 7.98 to 12.59 J/g,respectively.The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in banana flour were positively correlated with DPPH and FRAP values,respectively.Bukoba and Moshi presented the stronger antioxidant activities among the varieties.Banana flours with the high resistant starch(RS)content(89.20%-90.86%of total starch)were highly resistant to enzyme digestion.Banana flour can be considered as a potential source of bioactive components.The varying physicochemical properties of banana flours from different varieties could broaden their application as formulations in food and nonfood industries and promote the rational utilization of banana resources of Tanzania.

关键词： Banana flour proximate composition Crystallinity Gelatinization Antioxidant activity Resistant starch

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Nutritional and nutraceutical variability in neglected niger(Guizotia abyssinica(L.f.)Cass.)accessions from Eastern Ghats of India

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Oil Crop Science 2023年第3期8卷 174-183页

作者： Suraj K.Padhi Amashree Sahoo Debabrata Panda School of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources Central University of OdishaKoraputOdisha763004India

The exploitation of neglected niger accessions plays a crucial role in future breeding programs aimed to enhance the quality.Present study evaluated the genetic variation in nutritional and nutraceutical compositions of 30 indigenous niger accessions originating from Eastern Ghats of India,and compare them with three improved varieties of the locality.The proximate compositions(g/100 g)showed significant variations,with moisture ranging from 1.36 g to 4.95 g,ash from 1.06 g to 5.45 g,fat from 28.53 g to 44.11 g,protein from 8.84 g to 18.18 g,carbohydrate from 11.21 g to 35.09 g,fiber from 16.32 g to 26.62 g,and energy from 407.32 kcal to 526.84 kcal.Niger seeds are rich in phenol 41.10–82.20 mg/g,flavonoid 5.32–15.98μg/g,antioxidant 13.59–31.08%across the accessions.Principal component analysis revealed that the first two axis explained 41.8%of the total variation,indicating significant differences among genotypes.The heritability and genetic advance in percent of mean(GAM)ranged from 61.11%to 99.91%and 12.5%–89.1%among the traits across the populations.High heritability and GAM recorded in vitamin C,ash content,antioxidant capacity,flavonoid and phenol suggests that these traits may be important for niger breeding program.Altogether,some indigenous niger accessions such as Mangardora,Ganjeipadar and Kolabnagar had exceptionally rich in fat,protein and energy contents and are nutritionally superior compared to improved variety of the locality.Further,exceptional rich in flavonoid,antioxidant capacity and vitamin C was recorded in Manahar,Badapada and Mahadeiput.These nutrition rich accessions have ample opportunities for future breeding programs aimed to enhance the quality and hold great potential in food industry for making high value functional food.

关键词： Antioxidant Heritability Indigenous Niger proximate composition Genetic variability

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A preliminary study of dietary protein requirement of juvenile marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae)

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 548-555页

作者： Jeong-Hyeon Cho Seunghyung Lee Bong-Joo Lee Sang-Woo Hur Kang-Woong Kim Maeng-Hyun Son Dong-Jae Yoo Inland Fisheries Research Institute National Institute of Fisheries ScienceGapyeong12453South Korea Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture Pukyong National UniversityBusan48513South Korea Aquafeed Research Center National Institute of Fisheries SciencePohang37517South Korea Gyeongsangbuk-do Fisheries Resources Institute Yeongdeok36405South Korea Gyeongsangbuk-do Native Fish Business Center Uiseong37366South Korea

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein level for juvenile marbled flounder.Five semi-purified test diets were formulated to contain different protein levels(CP)including 42.7%,47.4%,53.3%,58.8%,and 64.5%(dry matter),named as CP42.7,CP47.4,CP53.3,CP58.8,and CP64.5,respectively.Five hundred and twenty-five juveniles(6.0±0.1 g)were randomly distributed into 15 tanks(300 L tanks),resulting in 35 fish per tank(n-3 tanks).Fish were fed the test diets 5 times per day until satiation.The CP58.8 resulted in the highest gain in weight and the best efficiency in feed utilization among the tested protein levels(P<0.05).Fish fed the CP58.8 diet showed significantly higher whole-body protein and lipid contents than the fish that were fed the other diets(P<0.05).Fish fed the CP53.3,CP58.8,and CP64.5 diets showed a significantly higher dorsal-muscle lipid content than the fish that were fed the CP42.7 and CP47.4 diets(P<0.05).The one-slope straight broken-line regression analysis on the results of the thermal growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio indicated that the estimated optimum dietary protein level was 58.8%.Taken together,it is suggested that the dietary protein level of 58.8%is optimal for better growth and high efficiency in feed utilization for the juvenile marbled flounder.

关键词： Marbled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae Protein requirement Growth performance proximate composition

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Effects of Different Weaning Protocols on Survival,Growth and Nutritional composition of Pharaoh Cuttlefish(Sepia pharaonis)Juvenile

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第6期19卷 1421-1429页

作者： JIANG Maowang HAN Ziru SHENG Peng PENG Ruibing HAN Qingxi JIANG Xiamin Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology School of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal weaning protocols for rearing juvenile cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis,as well as to understand the feeding habits of cuttlefish and develop effective aqua-cultural practices.The effects of four experimental weaning protocols(i.e.,food type,cuttlefish size,food ration(bw d^−1)and feeding frequency(meals d^−1))on the growth,survival and muscle proximate composition of cuttlefish juvenile were studied in quintuplicate.The weaning period lasted 2 weeks.The results showed that cuttlefish fed with frozen white shrimp(Exopalaemon carinicauda)displayed a significantly higher survival,growth parameters,ingestion rate,food conversion rate,and muscle protein content when compared with the other prepared frozen foods.The larger individuals revealed better growth performance than smaller individuals,especially in terms of survival and specific growth rate,indicating that larger individuals were more receptive to frozen prey.Furthermore,size grading should be conducted to ensure better growth during weaning.As food rations increased,the survival,growth and muscle protein content of juveniles were promoted,whereas the most appropriate food ration for cuttlefish juvenile was 35%bw d^−1.Similarly,higher feeding frequency could stimulate the appetite of animals reared on weaning,and enhance survival,growth,and protein deposition compared to low feeding frequency.These results suggest that the optimal feeding protocols of juvenile weaning is as follows:the ideal prepared food is frozen shrimp,the weight of juveniles should be 4.0 g(32 days old)or more,the food ration should be 35%(bw d^−1),and the optimum feeding frequency is 4 meals day^-1.This study offers a promising starting point to successfully breed this candidate aquaculture species.

关键词： weaning protocols cuttlefish survival growth performance proximate composition

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The Influence of Storage Conditions on the Microbial Quality of Daucus carots(Carrots)and Capsicum annuum(Green Pepper)

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2022年第2期4卷 36-43页

作者： Omorodion Nnenna Jennifer.P Oge Lilian Department of Microbiology University of Port HarcourtP.M.B 5323Port HarcourtRivers StateNigeria

The influence of different storage conditions on the microbial quality carrot(Daucus carots)and green pepper(Capsicum annuum)was determined using standard microbiological method from day zero to day ten.Total bacteria count for carrot stored at room temperature ranged from Log10Cfu/g3.22 to 7.45 and for carrot stored at refrigeration temperature ranged from Log10 Cfu/g 2.13-3.14.Total bacteria count for green pepper stored at room temperature ranged from Log10Cfu/g 4.22 to 7.45 and for green pepper stored at room temperature ranged from 1.12 to 4.14 for refrigeration temperature.Bacteria isolated includes E.colI(4%),Bacillus sp.(8%),Pseudomonas(16%),Proteus vulgaris(4%),Staphylococcus sp.(28%),Klebsiella(8%),Salmonella(12%),Micrococcus sp.(12%)and Acinetobacter(8%).Fungal count for carrot at room temperature ranged from Log102.22 to 2.54 Cfu/g and 2.01 to 2.34 Cfu/g for refrigeration temperature.Fungal count for green pepper at room temperature ranged from Log10 Cfu/g 3.02 to and 7.45,Log101.81 Cfu/g to 3.34 for refrigeration temperature.Fungal isolated includes Penicillium(33.3%),Aspergillus(53.3%),and Candida(13.4%).proximate composition indicates that moisture,ash,carbohydrates,lipid and fibre are lower at room temperature compared to refrigeration temperature.Temperature and storage duration have been said to affect the content of fruits and vegetables,therefore constant temperature and appropriate storage condition should be maintained.

关键词： Storage conditions Microbial quality proximate composition Carrot and green pepper

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A Baseline Study on the Quality and Safety of Consumption of a Pest Species(Sarotherodon melanotheron)in Bataan,Philippines:Basis for Its Productive Utilization in the Fisheries Sector

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Journal of Fisheries Science 2022年第1期4卷 68-76页

作者： Adrian Perdio Rowena Valerio Alvin James Gonzales Delia Llave Mark June Consigna Marlon Turtur Department of Arts and Sciences Bataan Peninsula State University-MainCity of BalangaBataanPhilippines College of Technology Bataan Peninsula State University-MainCity of BalangaBataanPhilippines Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Bataan Peninsula State University-OraniOraniBataanPhilippines

The baseline study profiled Black-chin Tilapia(Sarotherodon.melanotheron),a fish farm pest species in Bataan,Philippines,in terms of yield(processing and fillet),proximate composition(moisture,ash,crude fat,and crude protein),heavy metal load(cadmium[Cd],lead[Pb],arsenic[As],and mercury[Hg]),and microbial count(aerobic plate,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus counts).The purpose was to establish the species’safety and quality for consumption and potential utilization in the processing of higher value fishery products.A completely randomized experiment using two factors,fish size(standard and small sizes)and collection season(dry and wet seasons),was employed.The collected data were also compared against food consumption and processing standards and/or previous reports on more valuable species.The results showed that the species has a comparable yield and mineral load with the more popular farmed Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).It has high moisture and protein compositions.It is a lean fish that can serve as a cheaper functional raw material for processed fishery products.Moreover,the results showed that the species have no As,Cd,and Pb contamination,although traces of Hg,far below the permissible limits,were detected.The Hg load varies across collection season and fish maturity suggesting its manageability.For the microbial contents,the species’aerobic plate,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus counts were far below the standard limits,although best post-capture practices are still suggested due to the kind of microbial parameters measured.It was concluded that the Sarotherodon melanotheron infesting Bataan farm ponds can be consumed safely and has the quality of potential raw material for processed fishery products.However,further information is still needed to establish the best post-capture handling on the species.Also,more studies must be done to determine the impact of storage and processing on its stability.

关键词： Tilapia Black-chin Tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron proximate composition Heavy metal load Microbiological quality Orani Bataan

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Consumer Acceptance and Physicochemical Properties of Developed Carambola (Averrhoa carambola) Candy

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第2期10卷 458-471页

作者： Most. Jesmin Akhter Md. Mojaffor Hosain Md. Abdul Halim Mehar Prabin Shanaz Parvin Ayesha Siddika Fatehatun Noor Md. Al-Amin Department of Food Processing and Preservation Faculty of Engineering Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology Uni-versity Dinajpur Bangladesh Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Engineering Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh

The acceptability and physicochemical qualities of carambola candy were evaluated in order to increase fruit consumption. The goal of this investigation was to see whether there were any techniques to preserve carambola in the form of candy. Sugar in various forms (white sugar, corn syrup, icing sugar, and molasses) was employed in candy making process in this study. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, vitamin C, total sugar content, organoleptic quality and microbial status of the prepared candy were analyzed. Protein, fat, vit-C, and total sugar content of carrambola candy were found to be higher with white sugar solution but moisture and ash content was found to be higher with molasses. On the microbiological analysis, total fungal growth was tested visually at 0 to 90 days and compared with refrigeration and room temperature. Fungal growth was found at 90 days at room temperature for all types of carambola candy. Sensory attributes revealed that sample 2 (corn syrup-based candy) was most delicious and appreciated among other samples. The best characteristic of carambola candy was found with white sugar solution, with sufficient nutrient and lowest fungal growth than candy prepared with corn syrup, icing sugar solution and molasses.

关键词： Carambola Candy proximate composition Organoleptic Properties Shelf-Life Stability

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