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Influence of proxies on the Reported Frequency of Falls, Fear of Falling and Activity Restriction in Older People

Health 2014年第12期6卷 1512-1521页

作者： Elise Mendes da Costa Isabelle Godin Thierry Pepersack Michèle Dramaix Yves Coppieters Martine Bantuelle Alain Levêque Educa-Santé Non-Profit Organisation Charleroi Belgium Geriatrics Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) Bruxelles Belgium Research Centre in Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical Research School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) Bruxelles Belgium Research Centre in Social Approaches to Health School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) Bruxelles Belgium

Introduction: In older populations, the help of a third person may be necessary for a certain number of individuals in order to fill in questionnaires. The influence of this assistance on the collected information can raise questions, among others concerning the concordance between the information provided by the persons themselves and by their proxies, or the introduction of a potential bias. Our study’s objective is to examine, among older people, the differences in the reported frequency of falls, fear of falling and activity restriction due to fear of falling, according to the fact that people had filled in a questionnaire with or without the help of a third person. Methods: The data used come from the secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire and conducted in 2006 in a Belgian semi-rural town among non-institutionalised persons aged 65 years and over. Results: Among the 501 questionnaires, 16.4% were filled in with the help of another person. In bivariate analysis, the persons who needed help reported fall history, fear of falling and activity restriction significantly more often. In multivariable analysis, when considering concurrently the covariates (sex, age, living alone and fall history for fear of falling and for activity restriction), the influence of having received help to fill in the survey was only significant for activity restriction. Conclusion: Our study shows that it is important to know whether or not a person has received help to fill in a questionnaire. This can actually influence the reported frequency of certain outcomes, even, for activity restriction, when considering simultaneously the effect of other covariates. Given the current and future ageing of our populations, it seems that more extensive exploration is needed of the influence of proxies on the collected information about falls, fear of falling and activity restriction among older people.

关键词： Accidental Falls Fear of Falling Activity Restriction proxies Older People

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Phytocenoses at Environments Contact Sites as proxies of Climate Dynamics with Time (East Siberia, Russia)

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Natural Science 2016年第3期8卷 105-114页

作者： Alexander P. Sizykh Siberian Institute of Plants Physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia

Usage of methods for determination of long-term trends of the dynamics of vegetation formation on the background of climate changes becomes more and more important at modern stage of the assessment of natural systems development. This causes to researchers a series of problems from choice of conceptual base to notions and terms of the processes identified and of state of vegetation of different environments. Solution of such a task results inevitably in necessity to correct the understanding of existing processes occurring in the vegetation cover. It allows establishing a direction of their development in the system of natural factors of any territory. As a result, we have base for determination of age, site and role of current state of phytocenoses in successional systems. It is necessary for this to reveal the peculiarities of phytocenoses composition and formation due to climate dynamics and to determine a period of ecosystems homeostasis, especially for phytocenoses of contact natural conditions. Optimal values of phytocenoses diversity, like one of whole biosystems, depend on the amount of resource in the environment, on stability degree and on evolutional development of cenoses due to ecological, micro-evolutional and evolutional processes.

关键词： Phytocenoses Environment Contact Sites proxies Climate Dynamics Baikalian Siberia

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Current Networks of Long proxies for Building Reconstruction Models of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第3期6卷 367-374页

作者： Markus Lindholm Risto Jalkanen Maxim G. Ogurtsov Luke Rovaniemi Research Unit Rovaniemi Finland A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute St. Petersburg Russia

Currently available proxies were studied as networks for building reconstruction models of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Only proxies that would double the current record length (backwards in time from AD 1564) were included. We present two proxy networks and corresponding reconstruction (transfer) models, one for tree-growth based proxies only and another for multiproxies. Both of them show a useful match in timing as well as amplitude with the AMO. These model structures demonstrated reasonable model performance (overall r2 = 0.45 - 0.36). The time stability of proxy-AMO relationships was also validated. The new models produced acceptable results in cross-calibration-verification (reduction of error and coefficient of efficiency statistics in 1856-1921 and 1922-1990 vary between 0.41 and 0.21). The spatial distribution of these data series indicate that proxies respond to an AMO-like climatic oscillation over much of the Northern Hemisphere.

关键词： proxies Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Tree Growth Climate Change Transfer Models

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Bio-Organic Geochemistry research in China: Advances,opportunities and challenges

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第12期61卷 1775-1780页

作者： Chuanlun ZHANG Ping'an PENG Meixun ZHAO Shucheng XIE Jianfang CHEN Weiguo LIU Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics Department of Ocean Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education/Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic Administration State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

The discipline of "Bio-Organic Geochemistry" is a cross research field between biogeochemistry and traditional organic geochemistry, which focuses on geochemical processes related to the biosynthesis of organic molecules(particularly lipids) by(micro) organisms, organic matter production by primary producers, degradation of organic matter by microbial processes recorded by retainable lipid biomarkers, and organic proxies for studies of paleo-climate, paleo-environments, paleoecology and Earth evolution. This field aims to go beyond the traditional petroleum-oriented Organic Geochemistry by integrating with biogeochemical concepts concerned mostly with biomolecules from cellular material such as DNA and lipids. A formal Chinese organization in Bio-Organic Geochemistry was established in 2012 when the first conference was held in Guangzhou. This organization has witnessed rapid growth over the past six years with focused research addressing organic proxies in paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental applications, with particular rapid development in glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers-derived proxies. Most progresses in China so far are made following or paralleling the international trend in biogeochemical studies. Things have begun to change with China's ambitious initiatives in several bio-geo programs such as the Ocean Deep Drilling Program of China, the Microbial Hydrosphere Program, the Deep Carbon Observatory, and the Microbiome Program. Looking forward in the 21 st Century, the growing Chinese research community in Bio-Organic Geochemistry faces grand opportunities and challenges as Chinese scientists propel themselves toward global research frontiers.

关键词： Bio-Organic Geochemistry Biogeochemistry Geomicrobiology Paleoclimate proxies Carbon cycles Microbial genomics

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Geochemical changes across the Ordovician-Silurian transition on the Yangtze Platform,South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第1期52卷 38-54页

作者： YAN DeTian CHEN DaiZhao WANG QingChen WANG JianGuo Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The trace element and rare earth element(REE) variations across the Ordovician-Silurian succession are presented from two outcrop sections on the Yangtze Platform:the Nanbazi section,Guizhou Province,deposited in a shallow platform interior setting,and the Wangjiawan section,Hubei Province,deposited in a deeper basinal environment.Geochemical analysis of closely spaced samples through three intervals,the Wufeng,Guanyinqiao and Longmaxi,revealed vast palaeoceanographic changes.Some geochemical proxies,including Th/U,Ni/Co,V/Cr,and V/(V+Ni) ratios,together with sedimentary facies and biotic data,indicate that an anoxic condition on the most of the Yangtze Platform during the Wufeng and Longmaxi intervals,but an oxic condition during the Guanyinqiao time.The shift of the anoxic to the oxic environment during the Guanyinqiao time coincided with a global sea-level lowstand,in parallel with the global glaciation.The Longmaxian anoxic environment was a result of a global sea-level rise,which may be synchronized with a mainly catastrophic event in the latest Ordovician.Although the two sections generally show similar variation patterns of trace and REE concentrations and some element ratios,a minor difference occurs between the Wangjiawan and Nanbazi sections,likely reflecting a difference in depositional setting during the accumulation.Such an oceanic oxygen-level variation may add a useful constraint to the current arguments on the cause and consequence of the latest Ordovician mass extinction.

关键词： rare earth elements trace elements paleo-redox proxies mass extinction Ordovician-Silurian boundary Yangtze Platform

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MODERN CLIMATIC SIGNALS DEDUCED FROM STABLE ISOTOPE IN SHELLS IN XINGCUO LAKE SEDIMENTS,EAST TIBETAN PLATEAU,CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2001年第3期11卷 55-60页

作者： Jing-lu Wu Hong Yu Luecke Andreas Su-min Wang Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing P.R. China Department of Atmospheric Observing Engineering Institute of Meterology PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing Forschungszentrum Juelich ICG-4 Juelich Germany

Xingcuo lake,a closed one,is situated in eastern Tibetan Plateau.There are abundant snail shells Gy-raulus sibirica in its sediments.Here we display the determining results ofδ 13 C,δ 18 O in shell Gyraulus sibirica continuous-ly preserved in Xincuo Lake sediment s in the recent 50years.And by coupling the indexes ofδ 13 C,δ 18 O and instrumen-tal meteorological data in its basin to build relative function relation s among them,we probe quantitatively climatic sig-nals recorded in those indexes.The r esults show that there are remarkabl e relations betweenδ 13 C proxy and precipitation,δ 18 Oproxy and air temperature,of which correlative coefficient was 0.89an d 0.71,respectively.Besides,we also demon-strated that average variation betw eenδ 13 C proxy and precipitation(dδ 13 C /dP)was 0.027‰/mm and 1.64‰/℃forδ 18 O and air temperature(dδ 18 O /dT).

关键词： Xingcuo Lake δ13 C,δ 18 O proxies climatic signals eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Detection of Sophisticated Network Enabled Threats via a Novel Micro-Proxy Architecture

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Journal of Information Security 2014年第2期5卷 37-45页

作者： Andrew Blyth Information Security Research Group University of South Wales Pontypridd UK

With the increasing use of novel exploitation techniques in modern malicious software it can be argued that current intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems are failing to keep pace. While some intrusion prevention systems have the capability to detect evasion techniques they all fail to detect novel unknown exploitation techniques. Traditional proxy approaches have failed to protect the universe of discourse that a network enabled service can be engaged in as they view all information flows of the same type in a uniform manner. In this paper we propose a micro-proxy architecture that utilizes reverse engineering techniques to identify a valid universe of discourse for a network service. This valid universe of discourse is then applied to validate legitimate transactions to a service. Thus in effect, the micro proxy implements a default deny policy via the analysis of the application level discourse.

关键词： Network Security Firewalls proxies and Intrusion Detection

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Caesarea in Coastal Israel:A Benchmark for Sealevel Changes during the 1st-13th Centuries

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2019年第1期8卷 36-48页

作者： Yossi Mart Natalia Tiulienieva Recanati Institute of Maritime Studies University of HaifaHaifa 3498838Israel Charney School of Marine Sciences University of HaifaHaifa 3498838Israel

Geodetic measurements of a Roman aqueduct in Caesarea,on the Mediterranean coast of central Israel,show that the massive structure preserved its original gradient of 0.05%in places where it was founded on rock,suggesting that that domain has been tectonically stable for the last two millennia.Consequently,since the land was stable,dated archaeological sealevel proxies that recorded their contemporaneous sealevels when the city was active,reflect global sealevel and their variations.The evidence suggests that sealevel was similar to the present some 2,000 years ago,it was nearly 0.5 m higher than the present some 1,300 years ago,and about 0.5 m lower nearly 800 years ago.These measurements match earlier climatological evidence of the early Mediaeval Warm Period and the early stages of the Little Ice Age,respectively.No sealevel evidence was encountered in Caesarea after the collapse of the Crusaders’kingdom.

关键词： Neotectonic stability geoarchaeological proxies sealevel variations historic climate changes

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