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Impact of rangeland enclosure and seasonal grazing on protected and unprotected rangelands in Chakwal region, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 46-57页

作者： ISLAM Muhammad RAZZAQ Abdul ZUBAIR Muhammad HASSAN Sawsan AHMAD Sarfraz GUL Shamim RISCHKOWSKY Barbara LOUHAICHI Mounir International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry areas(ICARDA) South AsiaIslamabad 44050Pakistan Animal Science Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 66000Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry areas(ICARDA) Amman 11185Jordan Natural Resource Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan Botany Department University of Balochistan Quetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityQuebec H9X3V9Canada International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry areas(ICARDA) SSAILRI campusAddis Ababa 5689Ethiopia International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry areas(ICARDA) Tunis 1004Tunisia

Scrub rangelands support livestock grazing and provide ecosystem services to their inhabitants. The present study was conducted in Chakwal, an important tract of the Pothwar Plateau,which sustains herds of small domestic and nomadic ruminants. Urbanization and uncontrolled grazing practices have reduced rangeland productivity and increased soil erosion and resulted in poor land conditions. This study assessed the influence of two years of rangeland protection on aboveground vegetation biomass and the chemical composition of plants and aimed to determine the influence of seasonal grazing on the live-weight gain of small *** the line intercept method, vegetation data from protected and unprotected plots in 2015 and 2016 were collected at two sites, Dhulli and *** cover was assessed from images using VegMeasure. Results showed that protected study sites displayed higher vegetation biomass(834 and 690 kg ha^(-1)) compared to the unprotected study site(477 and 326 kg ha^(-1)) during April and August of both years. In the seasonal grazing trial, the experimental ewes that grazed on protected rangelands showed higher live-weight gain(33–63 g day^(-1)) compared to live weight of ewes(17–21 g day^(-1)) that grazed on unprotected rangelands during the experimental period of 127 days at both sites. The results suggest that the Chakwal rangeland has tremendous potential to improve vegetation productivity but modern livestock management and seasonal grazing practices are needed to improve carrying capacity and livestock productivity.

关键词： Seasonal grazing Climate change Productivity Rangeland protected area

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Income and managing problems of the protected areas in China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2001年第3期12卷 195-200,210页

作者：李景文崔国发李俊清北京林业大学自然保护区研究中心

In 2000, the authors collected a great quantity of relevant data by investigating more than 50 nature reserves. Based on the analysis of development and management situation of the protected areas in China, the main problems were put forward, such as, no unified management for income and managing activities, lack of special guideline and effective supervision, lack of income and investment, investing financial difference in different provinces. All these problems caused the lack of funds for construction, as well as the damage of resources and environment. Furthermore the conserving activities have to transmit to the profits in many protected areas. Combined with these problems, the primary solution programmers also were put forward.

关键词： protected area Income Management China

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People and protected areas:Understanding Attitude Alignment for More Effective Conservation

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2015年第5期6卷 281-292页

作者： Charlotte E.L.WHITHAM 时坤 Philip RIORDAN 北京林业大学自然保护学院野生动物研究所北京100083 牛津大学动物学系

When the attitudes of local people towards wildlife and conservation are not aligned with those of other stakeholders, signiifcant conlficts can result, potentially undermining conservation efforts. We collected attitudinal data from 171 local people and 59 governmental staff from a Nature Reserve in southwestern China. These attitudinal questions covered key topics of ecosystem services, protected areas and human-wildlife coexistence. Statistically signiifcant （p〈0.05） similarities of responses between local people and staff were identiifed and the nature of any disparity was investigated. The majority of attitudes relating to protected areas （60%） and coexistence （100%） were statisticaly similar between the two groups, unlike 25% of responses relating to ecosystem services. Few characteristics of staff were statisticaly associated with their attitudes, whereas responses from local people were frequently associated with sub-village. Such attitudinal studies inform recommendations that consider the potential for future conlficts that might persist folowing attitudinal disparity between two key stakeholders.

关键词： attitudes protected area local communities conservation conlficts management

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Assessing the bird guild patterns in heterogeneous land use types around Jammu,Jammu and Kashmir,India

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 564-578页

作者： Asha Sohil Neeraj Sharma Institute of Mountain Environment University of JammuJammuIndia

Land-use sprawl in the Himalayas has caused the conversion of natural habitat into human-modified habitats,thus degrading ecosystem *** of birds to changing physical environment can be well understood by analyzing their habitat preferences,and foraging dynamics explored to a limited extent in the Himalayan region,as *** achieve a comprehensive understanding of avian guild structure,we used multivariate statistical techniques to classify bird species according to their similarities in foraging patterns and habitat *** based on habitat and diet affinities accounted for rich avian diversity with a total of 208 bird species(about 15%of country’s avifauna)recorded from six different sites during 1 year *** pair-group average cluster analysis performed on the families revealed ten feeding and fifteen habitat guilds among 63 bird families *** forests harbored more species followed by urban forests and agricultural *** and omnivorous outnumbered other feeding guilds in the study *** assemblages were richer in protected areas and semidisturbed landscapes and did not show significant variation between the *** of the study revealed that different functional groups of birds behaved differently,primarily induced by choice of *** site heterogeneity favored avifaunal persistence by providing favorable foraging,roosting,and nesting opportunities to *** of avian guilds indicated level of intactness and ecological integrity of ecosystems *** outcome thus sets the background for long-term analysis of bird-habitat relationship and their foraging *** study has the relevance for decision-makers to integrate avian guild structure as an essential ingredient in formulating conservation strategies.

关键词： Avian guild Food resource utilization Habitat preference Heterogeneous landscape Eutrophic wetland protected area

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Nature　reserve　construction　and　its　contribution　to　the　biodiversity　conservation　in　China　mainland

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1996年第1期8卷 15-20页

作者： Jiang Mingkang Xue Dayuan(Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, National Environmental Protection Agency, Nanjing 210042,China ) China

By the end of 1993, 763 nature reserves were established in China with a total area of 66184.1 kha, occupied proximally 6. 84% of the whole country's land *** reserves concerning biodiversity conservation include ecosystem categories of forest, grassland, desert, terrestrial wetland and waters, ocean and coast and categories of wild animal and wild plant. Based on the construction of the reserves, the contributions of the reserves of various categories to the biodiversity conservation and the existed shortages for the reserve construction in China were analyzed thoroughly in this paper.

关键词： nature reserve protected area reserve construction biodiversity conservation.

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Wildfire yields a distinct turnover of the beetle community in a semi-natural pine forest in northern Sweden

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 505-516页

作者： Emelie Fredriksson Roger Mugerwa Pettersson Jörgen Naalisvaara Therese Löfroth Wildlife Fishand Environmental studiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 1790183 UmeåSweden County Administrative Board of Norrbotten Stationsgatan 597238 LuleåSweden

Background:Fires have been an important natural disturbance and pervasive evolutionary force in the boreal ***,fire suppression has made forest fires rare in the managed landscapes in Fennoscandia,causing significant habitat loss for saproxylic species such as polypores and *** better understand how the beetle community changes(species turnover)after a wildfire in a landscape with intense fire suppression,we monitored beetles with flight intercept traps the first 3 years as well as 12 years after a large wildfire in a national park in northern Sweden(a control/unburnt area was set up for the last year of sampling).Results:Species composition changed significantly among all studied years with a continuous turnover of species following the *** indicator species analysis showed that year 1 post-fire was mostly associated with cambium consumers and also the pyrophilous species Batrisodes *** 2 was the most abundant and species-rich year,with Tomicus piniperda as the most important indicator *** indicator species year 3 were mostly secondary successional species,fungivores,and predators and were characterized by lower species *** 12 had higher diversity compared with year 3 but lower species richness and abundance.A control area was established during year 12 post-fire,and our analyses showed that the control area and burned area differed in species composition suggesting that the beetle community needs longer than 12 years to recover even after a lowintensive ground ***:The wildfire area hosted several red-listed and fire-dependent species suggesting that after a century of landscape-level fire suppression in a semi-natural area,the reintroduction of fire benefits rare and pyrophilous species and still impacts species composition after 12 *** study implies that fire has long-lasting effects on high latitudes and that prescribed burning has the potential to benefit biodiversity over decades in these

关键词： Assemblage Boreal Coleoptera Species composition Conservation Disturbance Diversity Fire suppression Insects protected area Saproxylic

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No treeline shift despite climate change over the last 70 years

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第1期9卷 13-22页

作者： Mirela Beloiu Dimitris Poursanidis Antonis Tsakirakis Nektarios Chrysoulakis Samuel Hoffmann Petros Lymberakis Antonis Barnias David Kienle Carl Beierkuhnlein Department of Biogeography University of BayreuthUniversitatsstraaße 3095447BayreuthGermany Remote Sensing Lab Institute of Applied and Computational MathematicsFoundation for Research and Technology Hellas100 N.Plastira Str.Vassilika VoutonHeraklion70013Greece Samaria National Park Management BodyOld National Road Chanion-KissamouAgioi ApostoloiChaniaCreteGreece Natural History Museum of Crete University of CreteKnossou Av.71409IrakleioCreteGreece GIB Department of Geography University of Bayreuth95447BayreuthGermany BayCEER Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research University of Bayreuth95448BayreuthGermany

Background:The recent rise in temperature and shifting precipitation regimes threaten ecosystems around the globe to different *** are expected to respond to climate warming by shifting to higher elevations,but it is unclear whether they can track temperature ***,we integrated high-resolution aerial imagery with local climatic and topographic characteristics to study the treeline dynamic from 1945 to 2015 on the semiarid Mediterranean island of Crete,***:During the study period,the mean annual temperature at the treeline increased by 0.81℃,while the average precipitation decreased by 170 *** treeline is characterized by a diffuse form,with trees growing on steep limestone slopes(>50°)and shallow ***,the treeline elevation decreases with increasing distance from the coast and with aspect(south>north).Yet,we found no shift in the treeline over the past 70 years,despite an increase in temperature in all four study ***,the treeline elevation correlated strongly with topographic exposure to wind(R^(2)=0.74,p<0.001).Therefore,the temporal lag in treeline response to warming could be explained by a combination of topographic and microclimatic factors,such as the absence of a shelter effect and a decrease in ***:Although there was no treeline shift over the last 70 years,climate change has already started shifting the treeline altitudinal ***,the lack of climate-mediated migration at the treeline should raise concerns about the threats posed by warming,such as drought damages,and wildfire,especially in the Mediterranean ***,conservation management should discuss options and needs to support adaptive management.

关键词： Aerial imagery protected area Continental island Mediterranean region High mountains Temperature Precipitation Climate change Forest dynamics

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Population assessment and habitat associations of the Visayan Hornbill(Penelopides panini)in Northwest Panay,Philippines

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 612-622页

作者： Holly Isabelle Mynott David Charles Lee Rhea Aranas Santillan Christian Jürgen Schwarz Benjamin Tacud Arcel Dryden Fernandez Daphne Kerhoas Bristol Zoological Society Bristol Zoo GardensCollege RoadCliftonBristol BS83HAUK School of Applied Sciences University of South WalesAlfred Russel Wallace BuildingUpper Glyntaff CampusPontypridd CF374BBUK PhilinCon L.A.Dioso Memorial Public LibraryIloilo-Antique Road5712 PandanPhilippines PhilinCon Germany Ruhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 150ND 1/3144801 BochumGermany

Background:Seven out of ten hornbill species in the Philippines are threatened with *** these is the endangered Visayan Hornbill(Penelopides panini),found on the islands of Panay and *** by habitat loss and hunting,its population size is thought to have declined from 1800 individuals 20 years ago to less than ***,a recent study on Negros estimated 3564 individuals across three core forest *** study aims to quantify the Visayan Hornbill population size in and around the Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park(NWPPNP)on Panay,the largest contiguous low-elevation forest landscape remaining across its range,and its broad habitat associations across a gradient of environmental ***:Hornbills were surveyed using 10-min distance sampling point counts(n=367)along transects(average length 1.1 km).Environmental variables were recorded along transects,while habitat was classified into primary forest,secondary forest,plantation,or open *** software was used to estimate population densities stratified by habitat,with the overall population estimate taken as a mean of habitat density estimates weighted by habitat *** generalized linear mixed models,hornbill occurrence was modelled using combinations of nine environmental variables as main and two-way fixed ***:Surveys covered 204.4 km^(2) of the 374.8 km^(2) Northwest Panay *** were not recorded in plantations or open *** density was significantly higher in primary forest(17.8 individuals/km~2±26.9%CV)than in secondary forest(3.7 individuals/km^(2)±33.2%CV;z=15.212,P<0.001).The overall population estimate for the NWPPNP and environs is 2109 individuals,and 2673 individuals for the entire Northwest Panay *** presence was best explained by a model including distance from the Park boundary alongside five interaction effects and transect as a random ***,and the interaction between distance

关键词： Distance sampling Endangered species GLMM Hornbill Point count Population size protected area

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Diversity and structural composition of species in dipterocarp forests:a study from Fasiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第5期29卷 1241-1249页

作者： S.C.Das M.S.Alam M.A.Hossain Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong

Fasiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area composed of tropical remnant rainforest that harbor substantial number of large,old Garjan（Dipterocarpus spp.）*** present study assessed composition,structure and diversity of the species in this protected area.A total of 32 trees species were recorded with DBH ≥ 11 cm belonging to 24 genera and 19 *** forest is low in plant diversity as represented by Shannon–Wiener diversity and Simpson Dominance *** turbinatus was the most dominant species with maximum relative density,frequency,dominance,and importance value *** firmum and Tectona grandis followed in terms of *** structural composition indicated higher number of individuals in the medium growth classes（41 to 〈 511 cm DBH and 16–20 m height ranges）,whereas *** was the only species that dominated most of the growth *** stem density in lower growth classes indicated meager recruitment of regeneration which may be due to lower annual precipitation,increased grazing and *** study will help to understand the patterns of tree species composition and diversity in the remnant dipterocarp forests of *** will also contribute to identifying threatened plants to undertake *** based conservation and sustainable management of the Fasiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary.

关键词： Species diversity Structural composition protected area Importance value index Cluster analysis

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Assessment of the three factors affecting Myanmar’s forest cover change using Landsat and MODIS vegetation continuous fields data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第6期9卷 562-585页

作者： Fu-Jiang Liu Chengquan Huang Yong Pang Mengxue Li Dan-Xia Song Xiao-Peng Song Saurabh Channan Joseph O.Sexton Die Jiang Ping Zhang Yan Guo Yao-Feng Li John R.Townshend Department of Remote Sensing Science and Technology China University of GeosciencesWuhan CityPeople’s Republic of China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Institute of Forest Resource Information Technique Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Computer Science and Technology China University of GeosciencesWuhan CityPeople’s Republic of China

Long-term observation of the earth is essential for studying the factors affecting global environmental *** earth technology can facilitate the monitoring of global environmental change with its ability to process vast amounts of *** this study,we map the forest cover change of Myanmar from 2000 to 2005 using a training data automation procedure and support vector machines *** results show that Myanmar’s forests have declined 0.68%annually over this six-year *** validated our derived change results and found the overall accuracy to be greater than 88%.We also assessed forest loss from protected areas,areas close to roads,and areas subject to fire,which were most likely to lose forested *** results revealed the main reasons for forest losses in some hotspots to be increased agricultural conversion,fire,and the construction of *** information is useful for identifying the driving forces behind forest changes and to support environmental policy development in Myanmar.

关键词： Forest cover change deforestation Landsat protected area roads Myanmar

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