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Evaluating the stability and volumetric flowback rate of proppant packs in hydraulic fractures using the lattice Boltzmann-discrete element coupling method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2052-2063页

作者： Duo Wang Sanbai Li Rui Wang Binhui Li Zhejun Pan National Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China Institute of Unconventional Oil&Gas Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen(NCAMS) Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China National Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Daqing Oilfield of CNPCDaqing163002China Daqing Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute DaqingHeilongjiang163712China

The stability and mobility of proppant packs in hydraulic fractures during hydrocarbon production are numerically investigated by the lattice Boltzmann-discrete element coupling method(LB-DEM).This study starts with a preliminary proppant settling test,from which a solid volume fraction of 0.575 is calibrated for the proppant pack in the fracture.In the established workflow to investigate proppant flowback,a displacement is applied to the fracture surfaces to compact the generated proppant pack as well as further mimicking proppant embedment under closure stress.When a pressure gradient is applied to drive the fluid-particle flow,a critical aperture-to-diameter ratio of 4 is observed,above which the proppant pack would collapse.The results also show that the volumetric proppant flowback rate increases quadratically with the fracture aperture,while a linear variation between the particle flux and the pressure gradient is exhibited for a fixed fracture aperture.The research outcome contributes towards an improved understanding of proppant flowback in hydraulic fractures,which also supports an optimised proppant size selection for hydraulic fracturing operations.

关键词： Numerical simulation Hydraulic fracturing proppant flowback Closure stress Particulate flow

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Self-healing elastomer modified proppants for proppant flowback control in hydraulic fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 245-253页

作者： Jian-Da Li Gui-Cai Zhang Ji-Jiang Ge Wen-Li Qiao Ping Jiang Hai-Hua Pei School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongPR China

To address proppant flowback issues during post-fracturing treatments and production,self-healing elastomer modified proppants(SMPs)are proposed.Owing to their inherent self-aggregation behavior,the SMPs can aggregate together spontaneously to prevent proppant flowback and increase the pack porosity.It is noteworthy that the SMPs have a firm and dry self-healing elastomer(SE)coating,making their storage,transport and use as conventional proppants possible.The SE synthesized through polymerization is rich in amidogens and carbonyl groups as characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the proton nuclear magnetic resonance.Thermal and thermomechanical properties of the SE coating are revealed by the thermogravimetric analysis,the differential scanning calorimetry and the rheological tests.The self-aggregation behavior of the SMPs is demonstrated by the adhesion force tests.The reversible hydrogen bonding interactions in SE coating contribute to the self-aggregation behavior of the SMPs,which is revealed by the thixotropy test and the FTIR analysis at different temperatures.With the self-aggregation behavior,the crushed proppants can aggregate in situ to form a stable structure again and therefore reduce the threat of narrowing down the fracture and proppant flowback,which has an important practical significance during oil and gas production.

关键词： proppant flowback Self-healing elastomer Self-aggregation Adhesion force

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