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Effects of phase change material(PCM)-based nanocomposite additives on thermal decomposition and burning characteristic of high energy propellants containing RDX

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第4期18卷 557-566页

作者： En-fa Fu Na Sun Zheng-gang Xiao Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology

A kind of phase change material(PCM)-based nanocomposite was prepared and added into high energy propellants containing RDX as additives to investigate its effect on thermal decomposition and burning characteristic of high energy propellants.The effect of PCM-based nanocomposites on thermal decomposition of high energy propellants is investigated by TG/DSC-FTIR-MS technology.Due to the delayed protection effect(PCM-based nanocomposites can absorb lots of heat at the range of certain temperature when it undergoes structure change or phase transitions)of PCM-based nanocomposites under the thermal decomposition condition,the thermal stability of high energy propellants modified with PCMbased nanocomposites is improved.At the same time,the concentration of N2,NO2,H2O and CO_(2)is increased during thermal decomposition of high energy propellants whereas NO and CO is decreased.The burning gaseous products and burning characteristic of high energy propellants are studied by the combination of closed bomb test and Fourier transform infrared spectrum.The main burning gaseous products are N2,CO_(2),CO,H2O,CH4,etc.After the high energy propellant modified with PCM-based nanocomposites,the concentration of CH4is increased while CO,CO_(2) and H2O is decreased under the high-pressure burning condition.The progressivity factor of high energy propellants is increased by22.2%compared with the control sample while the maximum pressure is merely decreased 1.25%after the addition of the PCM-based nanocomposite,thus PCM-based nanocomposites can be used to adjust the burning process and improve the burning progressivity of high energy propellants.This study is expected to boost the practical application of PCM-based nanocomposite to the propellant formulation and effectively control the burning characteristic of high energy propellants.

关键词： Phase change material propellants Nanocomposite Thermal decomposition Burning

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Estimation of the Ballistic Effectiveness of 3,4-and 3,5-Dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-Pyrazoles as Oxidizers for Composite Solid propellants

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火炸药学报 2016年第2期39卷 16-21页

作者： LEMPERT David B. DALINGER Igor L. SHU Yuan-jie KAZAKOV Anatolii I. SHEREMETEV Aleksei B. Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences(IPCP RAS) Moscow 142432 Russia Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China

The experimental values of the enthalpy of formation of two isomeric 3,4-and 3,5-dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-pyrazoles have been obtained(261.5±5.0and 246.4±6.7kJ/mol for crystalline 3,4-and 3,5-dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-pyrazoles,respectively).The ballistic effectiveness of these potential oxidizers in composite solid propellants was studied.It is shown that these two oxidizers may be successfully applied in metal-free compositions or with a small content of metal.For the bottom stage 3,4-dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-pyrazole is a bit better than 3,5-dinitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-pyrazole,for the upper stage the both oxidizers show the equal ballistic parameters.These oxidizers allow to create metal-free solid composite propellants with the binder percentage not lower than 19%(volume fraction),with I3spequal to 256.5-257.0sat density equal to 1.72-1.74g/cm^3.

关键词： composite solid propellants high-enthalpy oxidizer energetic parameters estimation specific impulse ballistic effectiveness

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Energetic Abilities of Solid Composite propellants Based on 3,4,5-Trinitropyrazole and Ammonium Dinitramide

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火炸药学报 2016年第3期39卷 17-20页

作者： LEMPERT David B. CHUKANOV Nikita SHU Yuan-jie Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 142432Russia Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi′an 710065China

The investigation aims at the expansion of the basis of formulations of solid composite propellants by introducing new compositions with lower sensitivity to mechanic impact and improved thermal stability.The formulations based on trinitropyrazole(TNP)contains a binder(a hydrocarbon or active one),aluminum and inorganic oxidizer ADN.The results show that a binary formulation TNP+active binder(18%-19%)(volume fraction)with no metal is well designed which would achieve high specific impulse(at Pc∶Pa=40∶1)of 248s,high density of 1.80g/cm3 and combustion temperature Tcabout 3 450K.In terms of energy,metal-free compositions with TNP lose a bit to those with HMX,only if HMX fraction in formulation is higher than 45%-50%.

关键词： solid composite propellants specific impulse 3,4,5-trinitropyrazole TNP binder ammonium dinitramide ADN

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The Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate-Aluminum propellants in Presence of Metallic Zinc Particles

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2017年第6期8卷 436-447页

作者： Mónica Rodríguez-Pesina Jorge García-Domínguez Felipe García-Hernández Luisa Maria Flores-Vélez Octavio Domínguez Institute of Metallurgy UASLP San Luis Potosi México INIDETAM Polígono Naval Antón Lizardo Veracruz México Faculty of Chemistry UASLP San Luis Potosi México

The thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with Al and Zn metallic particles was studied at different heating rates in dry air atmosphere and the combustion behavior of AP/Al/Zn propellant was evaluated. The exothermic reaction kinetics was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) in non-isothermal conditions and compare with the thermal decomposition of pure AP and AP/aluminum particles analyzed in the same experimental conditions. The Arrhenius parameters were estimated according to the Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The calculated activation energies for the low and high temperature exothermic reactions were 91 and 229 kJ/mol for pure AP, 90 and 112 kJ/mol for 80 wt% AP/20 wt% Al particles. When zinc was incorporated, activation energy of 56 kJ/mol was determined for the only exothermic peak observed for 90 wt% AP/10 wt% Zn and 44 kJ/mol for 78.4 wt% AP/19.6 wt% Al/2 wt% Zn propellant composition.

关键词： Thermal Analysis Ozawa Method Kissinger Method Thermal Decomposition Ammonium Perchlorate propellants

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Fluorine-containing oxidizers for metal fuels in energetic formulations

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第1期15卷 1-22页

作者： Siva Kumar Valluri Mirko Schoenitz Edward Dreizin New Jersey Institute of Technology Tomsk State University

Fluorine containing oxidizers, primarily polymers, are extensively used in pyrotechnic compositions.Fluorinated oxidizers are less explored for metalized propellants and explosives despite a potential advantage of substantial heat release combined with gaseous combustion products. This review summarizes different types of fluorinated oxidizers used in energetic formulations or of potential interest for such systems, including gases, polymers, and inorganic compounds. Types of energetic formulations employing metals and fluoropolymers are discussed in more detail, including methods used to prepare composites and resulting salient features of the obtained materials. Laboratory experiments characterizing such materials, in particular, electron microscopy and thermal analysis, are discussed, showing characteristic morphologies and reaction sequences observed in different metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. Striking similarities are noted in reaction sequences for diverse compositions hinting at possible similarities in the respective reaction mechanisms. Experiments probing ignition and combustion of metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites in laboratory conditions are also reviewed, including impact, flash heating and shock ignition. Finally, some practical performance tests for energetic formulations are described following by a brief discussion of the reaction mechanisms expected to govern ignition and combustion in various metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. The conclusions are combined with recommendation for future research in the area of reactive metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites.

关键词： Reactive materials Composites Redox reactions Pyrotechnics propellants Explosives

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Synthesis and Improved Properties of Hypergolic Boronium-Based Ionic Liquids

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2016年第7期34卷 709-714页

作者： Xingye Li Huijie Lu Qi Wang Jinglun Huang Fude Nie Haibo Li Fu-Xue Chen School of Chemical Engineering & the Environment Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621050 China

A series of asymmetric monoimidazolium dihydroboronium-based ionic liquids （ILs） were synthesized from amine-boranes. All the resulting ILs were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis or high resolution mass spectrum. Compared with the symmetric bisimidazolium dihydroboronium-based ILs, these new ILs exhibited improved properties with shorter ignition delay times （IDs）, higher densities, and lower phase transition temperature showing the promising application potential as green propellants. A series of asymmetric monoimidazolium dihydroboronium-based ionic liquids （ILs） were synthesized from amine-boranes. All the resulting ILs were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental anal- ysis or high resolution mass spectrum. Compared with the symmetric bisimidazolium dihydroboronium-based ILs, these new ILs exhibited improved properties with shorter ignition delay times （IDs）, higher densities, and lower phase transition temperature showing the promising application potential as green propellants.

关键词： ionic liquids boranes propellants hypergolic ignition delay times

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Dependence of Specific Impulse of Metal-free Formulations on CHNO-oxidizer′s Element Content and Enthalpy of Formation

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火炸药学报 2015年第4期38卷 1-4页

作者： David B.LEMPERT Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences Semenov av.1ChernogolovkaMoscow Region 142432 Russia

It is shown that it is not correct to estimate energetic characteristics of different compounds of solid composite propellants by evaluation of the specific impulse values of these components serving as an only component in the formulation.Such an approach may turn the researcher to a wrong conclusion.One has to compare compound′s potential in formulations close to real,e.***.at least with necessary amount of binders.Dependences of specific impulse upon element content of highenthalpy CHNO oxidizer,its enthalpy of formation,and kind of binder have been found.

关键词： solid composite propellants high-enthalpy oxidizer energetic parameters estimation specific impulse

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气相色谱法测定烟火药剂中二苯胺含量

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花炮科技与市场 2011年第4期17卷 8-13页

作者：曾国良刘捷光宜春市检验检疫研究所

二苯胺(Diphenylamine)是一种重要的工业原料。二苯胺作为橡胶抗氧剂、染料、杀菌剂和医药中间体有广泛的应用。在军工行业中,二苯胺由于能够结合炸药药剂的降解物从而延缓炸药的分解,作为炸药的安定剂和钝化剂。

关键词： GC firework reagents Diphenylamine Single-base propellants Fireworks

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