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基于prompt打分的实体链接方法

计算机工程 2024年

作者：郭俊辰马御棠相艳赵学东郭军军云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院昆明理工大学信息工程与自动化学院昆明理工大学云南省人工智能重点实验室

实体链接旨在将自然语言文本中的提及链接到知识库中相应的目标实体，主要面临提及和候选实体的表征能力有限，导致候选实体精确排序困难的问题，而现有的知识库扩展和图嵌入等提高表征能力的方法依赖外部数据或知识，限制了其应用。本... 详细信息

实体链接旨在将自然语言文本中的提及链接到知识库中相应的目标实体，主要面临提及和候选实体的表征能力有限，导致候选实体精确排序困难的问题，而现有的知识库扩展和图嵌入等提高表征能力的方法依赖外部数据或知识，限制了其应用。本文提出了一种实体链接中提及和候选实体精确排序的方法，通过结合提及上下文构建prompt问句，将提及和候选实体相似度计算转化为基于prompt问句的打分模式。通过预训练模型微调打分器，得到提及和候选实体相似度的打分，并综合候选实体发现阶段的得分，以筛选出更准确的目标实体。这一过程无需额外的知识，能够融合上下文信息，从而更准确地衡量提及和实体之间的相似度。在两个公共数据集上将本文模型与基线模型进行了实验比较，相比次优模型，本文模型acc@1值分别提升了0.88%和0.41%。

关键词：实体链接 prompt 预训练模型实体消歧精确排序

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基于prompt的两阶段澄清问题生成方法

计算机应用研究 2024年第2期41卷 421-425页

作者：王培冰张宁张春北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院北京100044

在自然语言相关系统中,当用户输入存在歧义时,生成澄清问题询问用户有助于系统理解用户需求;基于prompt的方法可以更好地挖掘预训练语言模型的潜在知识,但往往需要手动设计模板,限制其生成澄清问题的多样性。为解决这一问题,提出了TSCQG... 详细信息

在自然语言相关系统中,当用户输入存在歧义时,生成澄清问题询问用户有助于系统理解用户需求;基于prompt的方法可以更好地挖掘预训练语言模型的潜在知识,但往往需要手动设计模板,限制其生成澄清问题的多样性。为解决这一问题,提出了TSCQG(two-stage clarification question generation)方法。首先,在动态prompt模板生成阶段,利用歧义上下文和预训练语言模型生成动态的prompt模板;然后在缺失信息生成阶段,将prompt模板与外部知识相结合,充分利用预训练语言模型的生成能力生成相应的缺失信息。实验结果表明,在CLAQUA数据集的多轮对话情况中,BLEU值和ROUGE-L值分别达到了58.31和84.33,在ClariQ-FKw数据集上,BLEU值和ROUGE-L值分别达到了31.18和58.86。实验结果证明了TSCQG方法在澄清问题生成任务上的有效性。

关键词：预训练语言模型 prompt 澄清问题生成自然语言系统

Considerations for exerkine research focusing on the response to exercise training

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 130-132页

作者： Ian A.J.Darragh Brendan Egan School of Health and Human Performance Dublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin D09 V209Ireland Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition PensacolaFL 32502USA

García-Hermoso and colleagues1 recently published a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on exercise training-induced changes in exerkine concentrations in type 2diabetes mellitus patients,providing a contemporary view on how exerkines respond to exercise training.That review prompted us to highlight 2 additional considerations that should be taken into account when studying the response of exerkines to exercise training.Firstly,whether exerkines can exhibit discordant responses to acute exercise compared to exercise training,and secondly,the need to consider the residual effects of the most recent exercise bout.

关键词： acute exercise prompt

Sodium intake:a double-edged sword wielded by the brain

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1545-1547页

作者： Lingyu Xu Xiaolong Ma Yi Wang Zhong Chen Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Zheiiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053China Institute of Pharmacology&Toxicology College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Taste receptors on the tongue discriminate between five fundamental tastes:sour,sweet,bitter,salty,and umami(Chandrashekar et al.,2006).Typically,stimuli that evoke bitterness and acidity prompt aversive responses by animals,whereas sweet and umami flavors are appetitive and enjoyable.Saltiness is unique in that it transitions from an appetitive to an aversive stimulus with increasing concentrations.

关键词： prompt sweet sword

Social Radars: Finding Targets in Cyberspace for Cybersecurity

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 279-282页

作者： Lili Fan Changxian Zeng Yutong Wang Jiaqi Ma Fei-Yue Wang School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Science Dalian Minzu UniversityDalian 116600China State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90024 USA IEEE State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

INSPIRED by the insight from American political scientist Lasswell, who summarized the environmental role in societal surveillance [1], Schramm coined the term “social radar” [2] as it resembles the activities of radar in collecting and processing information, playing a crucial role in helping humans perceive changes in the internal and external environment and promptly adjusting adaptive behaviors.

关键词： prompt summarized insight

Comprehension-driven design of advanced multi-block single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes for high-performance lithium-metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 357-359页

作者： Xu Dong Dominic Bresser Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU) Helmholtzstrasse 1189081 UlmGermany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) P.O.Box 364076021 KarlsruheGermany

The continuously growing importance of batteries for powering(hybrid)electric vehicles and storing renewable energy has prompted a renewed focus on lithium-metal batteries(LMBs)in recent years,as its high theoretical specific capacity of about 3860 mA h g^(-1) and very low redox potential(-3.04 V vs.the standard hydrogen electrode)promise substantially higher energy densities compared to current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)[1].However,lithium metal electrodes face severe challenges associated with the risk of dendritic lithium deposition and the high reactivity with traditional organic liquid electrolytes,resulting in a continuous loss of electrochemically active lithium and a relatively low Coulombic efficiency[2].To address these challenges,solid inorganic and polymer electrolytes have emerged as a potentially saferalternative.

关键词： lithium polymer prompt

EPT:Data Augmentation with Embedded prompt Tuning for LowResource Named Entity Recognition

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武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版 2023年第4期28卷 299-308页

作者： YU Hongfei NI Kunyu XU Rongkang YU Wenjun HUANG Yu College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina

Data augmentation methods are often used to address data scarcity in natural language processing(NLP).However,token-label misalignment,which refers to situations where tokens are matched with incorrect entity labels in the augmented sentences,hinders the data augmentation methods from achieving high scores in token-level tasks like named entity recognition(NER).In this paper,we propose embedded prompt tuning(EPT)as a novel data augmentation approach to low-resource NER.To address the problem of token-label misalignment,we implicitly embed NER labels as prompt into the hidden layer of pre-trained language model,and therefore entity tokens masked can be predicted by the finetuned EPT.Hence,EPT can generate high-quality and high-diverse data with various entities,which improves performance of NER.As datasets of cross-domain NER are available,we also explore NER domain adaption with EPT.The experimental results show that EPT achieves substantial improvement over the baseline methods on low-resource NER tasks.

关键词： data augmentation token-label misalignment named entity recognition pre-trained language model prompt

Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Information for Contributors

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2024年第1期41卷 F0003-F0003页

Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics (TNUAA) is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community.Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights,TNUAA publishes experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics, astronautics and civil aviation.

关键词： prompt aviation journal

Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Information for Contributors

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2024年第3期41卷 F0003-F0003页

Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics(TNUAA)is a bimonthly journal facinginternational academic community.Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientificinsights,TNUAA publishes experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of acronau-tics,astronautics and civil aviation.

关键词： prompt aviation journal